language tip
How long have you had it? 你買了多久了? 錯：How long have you bought it? how long 指行為或狀態(tài)持續(xù)多久，常與延續(xù)性動詞連用，不能用表示“瞬間完成的短暫動作”的動詞作謂語?，F(xiàn)在完成時是表示持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，像這樣不與持續(xù)性時間狀語連用的非延續(xù)性動詞還有 come、go、join、leave、die、get to know、borrow等。如：How long may I keep the book? 這本書我能借多久?又：注意how long與how soon的區(qū)別：“How soon can you finish the project?” “In two weeks.”
take a look at (have a look at) 看一眼, 瞧一瞧。如：I took a quick look at the picture. 我迅速看了一眼這張照片。I took one look at the coat and decided to buy it. 我看了看這件外套并決定買下它。take與一個名詞連用(此名詞與動詞同形)，表示做某一個動作，常?？梢院蚳ave互換。如：take/have a rest 休息;take/have tea 喝茶;take/have a rest 休息;take/have a break 暫停;take/have a bath 洗澡等等。
I say 一般用在口語中，放在句首，沒有實在的意義，和漢語中的“喂”，“我說”一樣，用來提醒對方注意，引出話題。如：I say, Lucy, what are you busy with? 哎，露西，你都忙些什么哪?I say, let's go shopping, shall we? 我說啊，咱們逛商場去，好不好?
go out for a drive 意思是“開車出去逗逗風”。這里的drive用作名詞，前面的冠詞a 通常不能省略。類似的有: go out for a walk/run。
穿：①put on: 注重穿戴的動作，如：He put on his hat and went out of the room. ②wear: 強調穿戴的狀態(tài)，如：He is wearing a raincoat.③dress既可及物也可不及物，只表示穿衣，不用于穿鞋戴帽，如：Get up and dress quickly. 快起來穿衣服。dress作及物動詞用時，它的賓語是人而不是衣服：The mother is dressing her baby. 媽媽正在給寶寶穿衣服。特別注意：He is always dressed in a blue jacket.
do a lot of walking 走很多路?！癲o+動名詞”表示“干某事”的意思，有靈活的依法，如：I did a lot of reading last term.上學期我讀了很多的書。Who does the cooking at home?家里誰做飯?She often helps her mother to do washing. 她經常幫媽媽洗衣服。
job 既可指固定的工作，也指臨時的或某項具體的工作，可用不定冠詞a來修飾，也可以有復數(shù)形式;work屬于不可數(shù)名詞，表示抽象、泛指的工作，不能用不定冠詞a來修飾。如：There will be a great many new jobs for workers. 工人們將有許多新工作可做。 He has a job as a waiter. 他有一份服務員的工作。All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. (英語諺語)只學習不玩耍，聰明孩子也變傻。Work must come first. 工作必須放在首位。搭配：take a job
agree 意思是“同意，取得一致意見”，作及物動詞時，后面通常跟名詞、不定式或that引起的從句作賓語。如：I agree that your suggestion is quite good. 掌握與 agree 有關的短語：①agree on sth. 表示“(就事情某一方面)大家達成一致意見”： They agreed on a date for the next meeting. 他們就下次會議的日期達成了協(xié)議。②agree with sb/sth. 同意某人(的話，觀點，想法，意見等);與...一致，如：I really can't agree with you. / His words do not agree with his action. 他言行不一致。③agree to sth同意(贊成)提議、辦法、計劃：Do you think he will agree to our plan? ④agree to do sth. 表示“同意做某事”。如：He agreed to drive us home. 注意：不可說agree sb to do sth. 錯：He agreed us to go home. 應為：He allowed us to go home.
at least少、至少;at most/at the most 多，如：He is at least fifty. 他至少有五十歲了。The gold watch was worth 100 dollars at most. 這塊金表頂多值100美元。又：least是little的高級：He has the least money of all of us. / There isn't the least wind today. 今天一點風也沒有。
supply 意為“供給，供應，滿足(需要)”，常用結構有: supply sth. to sb./ supply sb. with sth. 供給某人某物。例如: The shop supplies people with meat, eggs and milk. 那家商店供應肉、蛋和奶。Books supply knowledge to us. 書本為我們提供知識。These clothes will be supplied to the students in the flood area. 這些衣服將供給水災地區(qū)的學生。 supply也可作名詞：We have a good supply of water here.我們這里有充足的水供應。
plenty of 意思是“大量的，充足的”，后面既可接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，也可接不可數(shù)名詞，但僅限于肯定句。相應的疑問句和否定句分別用enough, many 或 much等。例如：There are plenty of eggs in the basket. 籃子里有許多雞蛋?！癉o you have enough books for each of us? 你們有足夠的書供我們看嗎?”“No, we have not many. 我們沒有太多的書?！?We have plenty of money. 我們有很多錢。They have not much food now. 他們現(xiàn)在的食物不多了。又：plenty 也可作名詞：Plenty has been said on how to learn English well.
全部否定可以用none, no, neither, never等詞來表示，如： None of us likes volleyball. 我們都不喜歡排球。部分否定用not與all, both, every, everyone, everywhere, everything, always等連用，not只能否定句子中的一部分。意思是“并非全部…，并不是所有的…”，如：Not every student likes volleyball. 不是每一個都學生都喜歡排球(對比：None of the students likes volleyball)。Not all factories here produce noise. 這兒并不是所有的工廠都發(fā)出噪音。 Not all English people like fish and chips. 不是所有的英國人都喜歡吃炸魚和土豆片。注意：not all 和no... 作主語時的區(qū)別。前者的意思是“并不是所有的...”(表示部分否定)，后者的意思是“所有的...都不”(表示全部否定)。試比較：Not all birds can fly. 不是所有的鳥都能飛。 No birds can fly. 所有的鳥都不能飛。
spend ①spend…on sth 在…用錢或時間：I spent half my money on books. 我一半的錢都用來買書。He doesn’t spend much time on his lessons. 他花在功課上的時間不多。②spend …(in) doing sth 花時間在…：He spent his whole life in looking after the poor. 他一生都用來照顧窮人。I spent nearly two hours working on this maths problem. 我在這條數(shù)學題上花了近兩個小時的時間。③度過：He usually likes to spend his Sunday with me.
certain 某個，某些，既可修飾單數(shù)名詞又可修飾復數(shù)名詞：A certain person called on me yesterday. 昨天某個人拜訪了我。Certain parts of the car will be supplied by other companies. 某些汽車部件將由其他公司提供。some 有時也可當“某個”講，只能修飾單數(shù)名詞，而且some前面也不用a(注意：certain修飾單數(shù)名詞時，前面必須加a)，如：Some person (=A certain person) called on me yesterday. 又：certain還解釋“肯定;確信”：He is certain (= sure) to come. / It is certain (不可用sure) that two and two make four.
notice ①注意到 v. Did you notice the thief leave/leaving the house? (notice sb do sth 與see、watch等詞一樣，notice后接不帶to的不定式) ②注意 n.. No one took any notice of what he said. 沒有人注意到他所說的話。③布告;通知 n. He put up a notice on the wall. 他在墻上張貼了一份通知。
begin with 以…開始：The meeting began with the National Anthem. 會議以國歌開始。對比：We shall begin this lesson tomorrow morning. 明天早晨我們開始上這一課。We shall begin with this lesson tomorrow morning. 明天早晨我們先上這一課。又：To begin with, we must believe in ourselves. 首先，我們要相信自己。
How long have you had it? 你買了多久了? 錯：How long have you bought it? how long 指行為或狀態(tài)持續(xù)多久，常與延續(xù)性動詞連用，不能用表示“瞬間完成的短暫動作”的動詞作謂語?，F(xiàn)在完成時是表示持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，像這樣不與持續(xù)性時間狀語連用的非延續(xù)性動詞還有 come、go、join、leave、die、get to know、borrow等。如：How long may I keep the book? 這本書我能借多久?又：注意how long與how soon的區(qū)別：“How soon can you finish the project?” “In two weeks.”
take a look at (have a look at) 看一眼, 瞧一瞧。如：I took a quick look at the picture. 我迅速看了一眼這張照片。I took one look at the coat and decided to buy it. 我看了看這件外套并決定買下它。take與一個名詞連用(此名詞與動詞同形)，表示做某一個動作，常?？梢院蚳ave互換。如：take/have a rest 休息;take/have tea 喝茶;take/have a rest 休息;take/have a break 暫停;take/have a bath 洗澡等等。
I say 一般用在口語中，放在句首，沒有實在的意義，和漢語中的“喂”，“我說”一樣，用來提醒對方注意，引出話題。如：I say, Lucy, what are you busy with? 哎，露西，你都忙些什么哪?I say, let's go shopping, shall we? 我說啊，咱們逛商場去，好不好?
go out for a drive 意思是“開車出去逗逗風”。這里的drive用作名詞，前面的冠詞a 通常不能省略。類似的有: go out for a walk/run。
穿：①put on: 注重穿戴的動作，如：He put on his hat and went out of the room. ②wear: 強調穿戴的狀態(tài)，如：He is wearing a raincoat.③dress既可及物也可不及物，只表示穿衣，不用于穿鞋戴帽，如：Get up and dress quickly. 快起來穿衣服。dress作及物動詞用時，它的賓語是人而不是衣服：The mother is dressing her baby. 媽媽正在給寶寶穿衣服。特別注意：He is always dressed in a blue jacket.
do a lot of walking 走很多路?！癲o+動名詞”表示“干某事”的意思，有靈活的依法，如：I did a lot of reading last term.上學期我讀了很多的書。Who does the cooking at home?家里誰做飯?She often helps her mother to do washing. 她經常幫媽媽洗衣服。
job 既可指固定的工作，也指臨時的或某項具體的工作，可用不定冠詞a來修飾，也可以有復數(shù)形式;work屬于不可數(shù)名詞，表示抽象、泛指的工作，不能用不定冠詞a來修飾。如：There will be a great many new jobs for workers. 工人們將有許多新工作可做。 He has a job as a waiter. 他有一份服務員的工作。All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. (英語諺語)只學習不玩耍，聰明孩子也變傻。Work must come first. 工作必須放在首位。搭配：take a job
agree 意思是“同意，取得一致意見”，作及物動詞時，后面通常跟名詞、不定式或that引起的從句作賓語。如：I agree that your suggestion is quite good. 掌握與 agree 有關的短語：①agree on sth. 表示“(就事情某一方面)大家達成一致意見”： They agreed on a date for the next meeting. 他們就下次會議的日期達成了協(xié)議。②agree with sb/sth. 同意某人(的話，觀點，想法，意見等);與...一致，如：I really can't agree with you. / His words do not agree with his action. 他言行不一致。③agree to sth同意(贊成)提議、辦法、計劃：Do you think he will agree to our plan? ④agree to do sth. 表示“同意做某事”。如：He agreed to drive us home. 注意：不可說agree sb to do sth. 錯：He agreed us to go home. 應為：He allowed us to go home.
at least少、至少;at most/at the most 多，如：He is at least fifty. 他至少有五十歲了。The gold watch was worth 100 dollars at most. 這塊金表頂多值100美元。又：least是little的高級：He has the least money of all of us. / There isn't the least wind today. 今天一點風也沒有。
supply 意為“供給，供應，滿足(需要)”，常用結構有: supply sth. to sb./ supply sb. with sth. 供給某人某物。例如: The shop supplies people with meat, eggs and milk. 那家商店供應肉、蛋和奶。Books supply knowledge to us. 書本為我們提供知識。These clothes will be supplied to the students in the flood area. 這些衣服將供給水災地區(qū)的學生。 supply也可作名詞：We have a good supply of water here.我們這里有充足的水供應。
plenty of 意思是“大量的，充足的”，后面既可接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，也可接不可數(shù)名詞，但僅限于肯定句。相應的疑問句和否定句分別用enough, many 或 much等。例如：There are plenty of eggs in the basket. 籃子里有許多雞蛋?！癉o you have enough books for each of us? 你們有足夠的書供我們看嗎?”“No, we have not many. 我們沒有太多的書?！?We have plenty of money. 我們有很多錢。They have not much food now. 他們現(xiàn)在的食物不多了。又：plenty 也可作名詞：Plenty has been said on how to learn English well.
全部否定可以用none, no, neither, never等詞來表示，如： None of us likes volleyball. 我們都不喜歡排球。部分否定用not與all, both, every, everyone, everywhere, everything, always等連用，not只能否定句子中的一部分。意思是“并非全部…，并不是所有的…”，如：Not every student likes volleyball. 不是每一個都學生都喜歡排球(對比：None of the students likes volleyball)。Not all factories here produce noise. 這兒并不是所有的工廠都發(fā)出噪音。 Not all English people like fish and chips. 不是所有的英國人都喜歡吃炸魚和土豆片。注意：not all 和no... 作主語時的區(qū)別。前者的意思是“并不是所有的...”(表示部分否定)，后者的意思是“所有的...都不”(表示全部否定)。試比較：Not all birds can fly. 不是所有的鳥都能飛。 No birds can fly. 所有的鳥都不能飛。
spend ①spend…on sth 在…用錢或時間：I spent half my money on books. 我一半的錢都用來買書。He doesn’t spend much time on his lessons. 他花在功課上的時間不多。②spend …(in) doing sth 花時間在…：He spent his whole life in looking after the poor. 他一生都用來照顧窮人。I spent nearly two hours working on this maths problem. 我在這條數(shù)學題上花了近兩個小時的時間。③度過：He usually likes to spend his Sunday with me.
certain 某個，某些，既可修飾單數(shù)名詞又可修飾復數(shù)名詞：A certain person called on me yesterday. 昨天某個人拜訪了我。Certain parts of the car will be supplied by other companies. 某些汽車部件將由其他公司提供。some 有時也可當“某個”講，只能修飾單數(shù)名詞，而且some前面也不用a(注意：certain修飾單數(shù)名詞時，前面必須加a)，如：Some person (=A certain person) called on me yesterday. 又：certain還解釋“肯定;確信”：He is certain (= sure) to come. / It is certain (不可用sure) that two and two make four.
notice ①注意到 v. Did you notice the thief leave/leaving the house? (notice sb do sth 與see、watch等詞一樣，notice后接不帶to的不定式) ②注意 n.. No one took any notice of what he said. 沒有人注意到他所說的話。③布告;通知 n. He put up a notice on the wall. 他在墻上張貼了一份通知。
begin with 以…開始：The meeting began with the National Anthem. 會議以國歌開始。對比：We shall begin this lesson tomorrow morning. 明天早晨我們開始上這一課。We shall begin with this lesson tomorrow morning. 明天早晨我們先上這一課。又：To begin with, we must believe in ourselves. 首先，我們要相信自己。