這篇關(guān)于高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法詳解:形容詞和副詞,是特地為大家整理的,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助!
一. 概念
形容詞是用來修飾,描述名詞或代詞的詞,主要用作定語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等.
副詞是用來修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞,其化副詞,介詞短語(yǔ)或全句的詞.
二.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講
1.形容詞及其用法
1)直接說明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞,它有級(jí)的變化,可以用程度副詞修飾,在句中可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。例如:hot。
2)敘述形容詞只能作表語(yǔ),所以又稱為表語(yǔ)形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級(jí)的變化,也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。例如:afraid 害怕的。
這類詞還有: well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。
3)形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí),要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing為字尾的詞語(yǔ)時(shí),要放在這些詞之后。例如:something nice.
2.以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞
1) 大部分形容詞加-ly可構(gòu)成副詞。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍為形容詞。
改錯(cuò): (錯(cuò)) She sang lovely.
(錯(cuò)) He spoke to me very friendly.
(對(duì)) Her singing was lovely.
(對(duì)) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
2)有些以-ly 結(jié)尾既為形容詞,也為副詞,如daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early等。例如:
The Times is a weekly paper. 《時(shí)代周刊》為周刊。
The Times is published weekly. 《時(shí)代周刊》每周發(fā)行一期。
3.用形容詞表示類別和整體
1) 某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人,與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接,如the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry等。例如:
The poor are losing hope. 窮人行將失去希望。
2) 有關(guān)國(guó)家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個(gè)民族的整體,與動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連用,如the British,the English,the French,the Chinese等。例如:
The English have wonderful sense of humor. 英國(guó)人頗有幽默感。
4. 多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞的順序
多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋合薅ㄔ~--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--(大小,長(zhǎng)短,形狀,新舊,顏色)--出處--材料性質(zhì)--類別--名詞。例如:
a small round table/ a tall gray building/ a dirty old brown shirt/ a famous German medical school/ an expensive Japanese sports car
2) One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.
A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old
答案A. 幾個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞,他們的排列順序是:年齡,形狀,大小+顏色+來源+質(zhì)地+用途+國(guó)家+名詞。
3) ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
---- It was great. We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.
A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last
5.副詞的位置
1) 在動(dòng)詞之前。
2) 在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后?!?BR> 3) 多個(gè)助動(dòng)詞時(shí),副詞一般放在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞后。
注意:
a. 大多數(shù)方式副詞位于句尾,但賓語(yǔ)過長(zhǎng),副詞可以提前,以使句子平衡。例如:
We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.我們清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。
b. 方式副詞well,badly,hard等只放在句尾。例如:
He speaks English well. 他英語(yǔ)說得好。
6.副詞的排列順序:
1) 時(shí)間,地點(diǎn)副詞,小單位的在前,大單位在后。
2) 方式副詞,短的在前,長(zhǎng)的在后,并用and或but等連詞連接。例如:
Please write slowly and carefully. 請(qǐng)寫得慢一些,仔細(xì)一些
3) 多個(gè)不同副詞排列:程度+地點(diǎn)+方式+時(shí)間副詞。
注意:副詞very 可以修飾形容詞,但不能修飾動(dòng)詞。
改錯(cuò):(錯(cuò)) I very like English.
(對(duì)) I like English very much.
注意:副詞enough要放在形容詞的后面,形容詞enough放在名詞前后都可。例如:
I don't know him well enough. 他我不熟悉。
There is enough food for everyone to eat.有足夠的食物供每個(gè)人吃。
There is food enough for everyone to eat.
7.兼有兩種形式的副詞
1) close與closely
close意思是"近";closely 意思是"仔細(xì)地"。例如:
He is sitting close to me. 他就坐在我邊上。
Watch him closely. 盯著他。
2) late 與lately
late意思是"晚";lately 意思是"最近"。例如:
You have come too late. 你來得太晚了。
What have you been doing lately? 近來好嗎?
3) deep與deeply
deep意思是"深",表示空間深度;deeply時(shí)常表示感情上的深度,"深深地"。例如:
He pushed the stick deep into the mud.他把棍子深深插進(jìn)泥里。
Even father was deeply moved by the film.老爸也被電影深深打動(dòng)了。
4) high與highly
high表示空間高度;highly表示程度,相當(dāng)于much。例如:
The plane was flying high. 這架飛機(jī)飛得很高。
I think highly of your opinion. 你的看法很有道理。
5) wide與widely
wide表示空間寬度;widely意思是"廣泛地","在許多地方"。例如:
He opened the door wide. 他把門開得大大的。
English is widely used in the world.英語(yǔ)在世界范圍內(nèi)廣泛使用。
6) free與freely
free的意思是"免費(fèi)";freely 的意思是"無限制地"。例如:
You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.無論什么時(shí)候,我這飯鋪免費(fèi)對(duì)你開放。
You may speak freely; say what you like.你可以暢所欲言,想說什么就說什么。
一. 概念
形容詞是用來修飾,描述名詞或代詞的詞,主要用作定語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等.
副詞是用來修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞,其化副詞,介詞短語(yǔ)或全句的詞.
二.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講
1.形容詞及其用法
1)直接說明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞,它有級(jí)的變化,可以用程度副詞修飾,在句中可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。例如:hot。
2)敘述形容詞只能作表語(yǔ),所以又稱為表語(yǔ)形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級(jí)的變化,也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。例如:afraid 害怕的。
這類詞還有: well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。
3)形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí),要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing為字尾的詞語(yǔ)時(shí),要放在這些詞之后。例如:something nice.
2.以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞
1) 大部分形容詞加-ly可構(gòu)成副詞。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍為形容詞。
改錯(cuò): (錯(cuò)) She sang lovely.
(錯(cuò)) He spoke to me very friendly.
(對(duì)) Her singing was lovely.
(對(duì)) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
2)有些以-ly 結(jié)尾既為形容詞,也為副詞,如daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early等。例如:
The Times is a weekly paper. 《時(shí)代周刊》為周刊。
The Times is published weekly. 《時(shí)代周刊》每周發(fā)行一期。
3.用形容詞表示類別和整體
1) 某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人,與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接,如the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry等。例如:
The poor are losing hope. 窮人行將失去希望。
2) 有關(guān)國(guó)家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個(gè)民族的整體,與動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連用,如the British,the English,the French,the Chinese等。例如:
The English have wonderful sense of humor. 英國(guó)人頗有幽默感。
4. 多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞的順序
多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋合薅ㄔ~--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--(大小,長(zhǎng)短,形狀,新舊,顏色)--出處--材料性質(zhì)--類別--名詞。例如:
a small round table/ a tall gray building/ a dirty old brown shirt/ a famous German medical school/ an expensive Japanese sports car
2) One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.
A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old
答案A. 幾個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞,他們的排列順序是:年齡,形狀,大小+顏色+來源+質(zhì)地+用途+國(guó)家+名詞。
3) ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
---- It was great. We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.
A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last
5.副詞的位置
1) 在動(dòng)詞之前。
2) 在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后?!?BR> 3) 多個(gè)助動(dòng)詞時(shí),副詞一般放在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞后。
注意:
a. 大多數(shù)方式副詞位于句尾,但賓語(yǔ)過長(zhǎng),副詞可以提前,以使句子平衡。例如:
We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.我們清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。
b. 方式副詞well,badly,hard等只放在句尾。例如:
He speaks English well. 他英語(yǔ)說得好。
6.副詞的排列順序:
1) 時(shí)間,地點(diǎn)副詞,小單位的在前,大單位在后。
2) 方式副詞,短的在前,長(zhǎng)的在后,并用and或but等連詞連接。例如:
Please write slowly and carefully. 請(qǐng)寫得慢一些,仔細(xì)一些
3) 多個(gè)不同副詞排列:程度+地點(diǎn)+方式+時(shí)間副詞。
注意:副詞very 可以修飾形容詞,但不能修飾動(dòng)詞。
改錯(cuò):(錯(cuò)) I very like English.
(對(duì)) I like English very much.
注意:副詞enough要放在形容詞的后面,形容詞enough放在名詞前后都可。例如:
I don't know him well enough. 他我不熟悉。
There is enough food for everyone to eat.有足夠的食物供每個(gè)人吃。
There is food enough for everyone to eat.
7.兼有兩種形式的副詞
1) close與closely
close意思是"近";closely 意思是"仔細(xì)地"。例如:
He is sitting close to me. 他就坐在我邊上。
Watch him closely. 盯著他。
2) late 與lately
late意思是"晚";lately 意思是"最近"。例如:
You have come too late. 你來得太晚了。
What have you been doing lately? 近來好嗎?
3) deep與deeply
deep意思是"深",表示空間深度;deeply時(shí)常表示感情上的深度,"深深地"。例如:
He pushed the stick deep into the mud.他把棍子深深插進(jìn)泥里。
Even father was deeply moved by the film.老爸也被電影深深打動(dòng)了。
4) high與highly
high表示空間高度;highly表示程度,相當(dāng)于much。例如:
The plane was flying high. 這架飛機(jī)飛得很高。
I think highly of your opinion. 你的看法很有道理。
5) wide與widely
wide表示空間寬度;widely意思是"廣泛地","在許多地方"。例如:
He opened the door wide. 他把門開得大大的。
English is widely used in the world.英語(yǔ)在世界范圍內(nèi)廣泛使用。
6) free與freely
free的意思是"免費(fèi)";freely 的意思是"無限制地"。例如:
You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.無論什么時(shí)候,我這飯鋪免費(fèi)對(duì)你開放。
You may speak freely; say what you like.你可以暢所欲言,想說什么就說什么。