★以下是英語資源頻道為大家整理的《初中英語國際標準音標練習》，供大家參考。
元音 (20個) 單元音 12個 前 元 音(4個) [i:] [i] [e] [æ] 后 元 音(5個) [ɑ:] [ɔ:] [ɔ] [u:] [u] 中 元 音(3個) [ʌ] [ə:] [ə] 雙元音8個 合口雙元音(5個) [ei] [əu] [ai] [au] [ɔi] 集中雙元音(3個) [iə] [uə] [ɛə] 輔音 (28個) 清 輔 音(11個) [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [ʃ] [tʃ] [tr] [ts] [h] 濁 輔 音(17個) [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [e] [ʒ] [dʒ] [dr] [dz] [l] [m] [n] [ŋ] [j] [w] [r] /i:/ bee/bi:/ feet/fi:t/ keep/ki:p/ key/ki:/ team/ti:m/ meet/mi:t/ /i/ it /it/ big/big/ city/siti/ give/giv/ sick/sik/ /e/ get/get/ best/best/ text/tekst/ help/help/ /æ/ fat/fæt/ have/hæv/ cat/kæt/ back/bæk/ hat/hæt/ /a:/ laugh/la:f/ glass/gla:s/ half/ha:f/ farm/fa:m/ park/pa:k/ / ɔ:/ horse/hɔ: s/ saw/sɔ:/ corn/kɔ:n/ course/kɔ:s/ salt/sɔ:t/ / ɔ / dog/dɔg/ pot/pɔt/ cost/kɔst/ what/wɔt/ honest/′ɔnist/ /u:/ food/fu:d/ moon/mu:n/ rule/ru:l/ loose/lu:s/ noon/nu:n/ /u/ book/buk/ put/put/ good/gud/ would/wud/ could/kud/ / ʌ / must/mʌst/ does/dʌz/ money/′mʌni/ ugly/′ʌgli/ come/kʌm/ /ə:/ nurse/nə:s/ bird/bə:d/ burn/bə:n/ turn/tə:n/ girl/gə:l/ /ə / better/betə/ never/nevə/ worker/wə:kə/ welcome/welkəm/ /ei/ may/mei/ name/neim/ game/geim/ eight/eit/ age/eidʒ/ /əu/ no/nəu/ home/həum/ hope/həup/ wrote/rəut/ note/nəut/ pose/pəuz/ /ai/ eye/ai/ time/taim/ buy/bai/ right/rait/ bike/baik/ kite/kait/ /au/ now/nau/ out/aut/ how/hau/ about/ ə′baut/ south/sauθ/ house/haus/ /ɔi/ boy/bɔi/ toy/tɔi/ noise/nɔiz/ voice/vɔis/ point/pɔint/ coin/kɔin/ /iə/ ear/iə/ near/niə/ idea/ai′diə/ hear/hiə/ mere/miə/ spear/spiə/ /εə/ air/εə/ tear/tεə/ care/kεə/ dare/dεə/ fair/fεə/ there/eεə/ /uə/ tour/tuə/ poor/puə/ sure/ʃuə/ moor/muə/(停泊) your/juə/ /p/ pea/pi:/ pie/pai/ top/tɔp/ cap/kæp/ people/pi:pl/ pride/praid/ /b/ bee/bi:/ by/bai/ buy/bai/ black/blæk/ bear/bεə/ /t/ let/let/ sat/sæt/ feet/fi:t/ team/ti:m/ tide/taid/ /d/ led/led/ sad/sæd/ feed/fi:d/ do/du:/ dear/diə/ /k/ lack/læk/ take/teik/ clock/klɔk/ class/kla:s/ weekend/′wi:kend/ /g/ big/big/ lag/læg/ glass/gla:s/ gum/gʌm/ good/gud/ guest/gest/ /f/ face/feis/ fast/fa:st/ leaf/li:f/ surf/sə:f/ favorite/′feivərit/ /v/ very/′veri/ five/faiv/ fever/′fi:və/ serve/sə:v/ never/′nevə/ /θ/ bath/ba:θ/(v洗澡) thick/θik/ mouth/mauθ/ breath/breθ/(n呼吸) thought/θɔ:t/ author/′ɔθə/ truth/tru:θ/ /e/ the/ eə/ they/eei/ that/eæt/ mother/′mʌeə/ thus/ eʌs/ then/een/ /s/ face/feis/ mouse/maus/ cakes/keiks/ caps/kæps/ likes/laiks/ stops/stɔps/ /z/ close/kləuz/ keys/ki:z/ boys/bɔiz/ pens/penz/ halves/ha:vz/ /tʃ/ catch/kætʃ/ cheep/tʃi:p/ rich/ritʃ/ watch/wtʃ/ child/tʃaild/ question/kwestʃən/ teach/ti:tʃ/ challenge/tʃlindʒ/ /dʒ/ orange/′ɔridʒ/ large/la:dʒ/ juice/dʒu:s/ job/dʒɔb/ /tr/ tree/tri:/ try/trai/ true/tru:/ trouble/traubl/ track/træk/ /dr/ dry/drai/ dream/dri:m/ dress/dres/ drink/driŋk/ hundred/′hʌndrid/ /ʃ/ she/ʃi:/ sharp/ʃa:p/ fish/fiʃ/ shock/ʃɔk/ shoe/ʃu:/ /ʒ/ pleasure/′pleʒə/ measure/′meʒə/ television/′teliviʒən/ /ts/ let′s/lets/ sports/spɔ:ts/ puts/puts/ writes/raits/ seats/si:ts/ /dz/ hands/hændz/ birds/bə:dz/ friends/freindz/ beds/bedz/ stands/stændz/ /h/ he/ hi:/ hard/ha:d/ him/him/ heard/hə:d/ half/ha:f/ /l/ like/laik/ late/leit/ learn/lə:n/ lead/li:d/ light/lait/ /m/ my/mai/ more/mɔ:/ seem/si:m/ meat/mi:t/ mind/maind/ men/men/ /n/ nice/nais/ wind/waind/ mind/maind/ rain/rein/ fine/fain/ /ŋ/ sing/siŋ/ wing/wiŋ/ ring/riŋ/ long/lɔŋ/ beautiful/bju:təfl/ /j/ you/ju:/ few/fju:/ yard/ja:d/ music/′mju:zik/ student/′stju:dnt/ excuse/ik′skju:z/ /w/ work/wə:k/ way/wei/ well/wel/ what/wɔt/ twelve/twelv/ twin/twin/ /r/ red/red/ road/rəud/ write/rait/ wrong/rɔŋ/ problem/′prɔbləm/音標綜合練習 1./i:/ /i/ /e/ /æ/ /bit/ /wi:k/ /di:l/ /riəl/ /kid/ /dig/ /kwik/ /tip/ /zip/ /rid/ /wil/ /fil/ bit week deal real kid dig quick tip zip rid will fill /pet/ /pæk/ /gæp/ /kæg/ /næg/ /ræm/ /bætl/ /sed/ /′hæpi/ /ten/ /red/ pet pack gap cap nag ram battle said happy ten red /′setl/ /træʃ/ /di′pend/ settle trash depend 2./a:/ / ɔ:/ / ɔ / /u:/ /u/ /a:sk/ /ma:sk/ /pa:st/ /fra:ns/ /ɔd/ /lɔ:n/ /nɔ:t/ /pɔ:z/ /fɔks/ /sɔk/ ask mask past France odd lawn naught pause fox sock /fa:/ /la:dʒ / /ma:k/ /lɔ:d/ /tɔ:/ /stɔ:m/ /pɔt/ /krɔp/ /θɔt/ /prɔmis/ far large mark Lord torch storm pot crop thought promise /huk/ /lu:s/ /sut/ /tuk/ /mud/ /θru:/ /pul/ /wud/ hook loose soot took mood through pull wood 3./ʌ/ /ə/ /ə/ /bʌz/ /dʌl/ /′hʌri/ /gʌlf/ /′trʌbl/ /ə:n/ /sə:f/ /′tə:nə/ /′begə/ /tʌk/ buss dull hurry gulf trouble earn surf turner begger tuck /kə:b/ /ə:k/ /ə′merik / /′sɔkə/ /′kæmpə/ /sə′vei/ /pə′veid/ /pə′hæps/ curb irk America soccer camper survey pervade perhaps /bə:′lesk/ /′mə:də/ burlesque murder 3./ei/ /əu/ /ai/ /au/ /ɔi/ /keip/ /greit/ /mein/ /prəpəuz/ /′məuʃən/ /stəun/ /′əuvə/ /sait/ kape great main propose motion stone over sight /raim/ /daut/ /′taipist/ /aust/ /mɔist/ /′ɔistə/ rhyme doubt typist oust moist oyster 4./iə/ /ɛə/ /uə/ /viə/ /ə′fɛə/ /dɛə/ /skɛə/ /buən/ /guəd/ /′ruərəl/ /ə′piə/ /kəlʌmbiə/ veer affair dare scare bourn gourd rural appear Colombia/mətiəriəl/ /mistiəriəs/ material mysterious 5./θ/ /e/ /mʌnθ/ /θi:f/ /eæt/ /eæ n/ /feiθ/ /tə′geeə/ /θæŋk/ /eəm′selvz/ month thief that than faith together thank themselves 元音音素： /i:/ 【衣 發(fā)長點】 /I/ 【衣 急促地發(fā)聲】 /e/ 【哎 發(fā)這個音的時候不要把“哎”的ī給讀出來，嘴唇放松自然地讀】 /æ/ 【哎 發(fā)這個音的時候不要把“哎”的ī給讀出來，嘴唇扁平地發(fā)】 /ə:/ 【額 發(fā)長音】 /ə/ 【額 發(fā)短音】 /∧/ 【阿 嘴巴微微地張開發(fā)出這個音就可以了】 /a:/ 【啊 嘴巴長到】 /כ/ 【哦 急促】 /כ:/ 【哦 聲音拖長】 /u/ 【烏 急促】 /u:/ 【烏 聲音拖長】 /eI/ 【有點像答應人的“誒”的聲音】 /aI/ 【唉】 /כI/ 【哦－喂 連著讀】 /əu/ 【嘔】 /au/ 【傲】 /Iə/ 【衣－餓 連著讀】 /εə/ 【哎－餓 連著讀】 /uə/ 【烏－餓 連著讀】 輔音音素： /p/ 【普 不要把ǔ給發(fā)出來，輕音】 /b/ 【不 不要把ù給發(fā)出來，濁音】 /t/ 【特 不要把è給發(fā)出來，輕音】 /d/ 【得 不要把é給發(fā)出來，濁音】 /k/ 【克 不要把è給發(fā)出來，輕音】 /g/ 【各 不要把è給發(fā)出來，濁音】 /f/ 【福 不要把ú給發(fā)出來，輕音】 /v/ 【有點像摩托車啟動的聲音，“嗚嗚嗚”地，但是是像發(fā)“vúvúvú”一樣，不要把ú給發(fā)出來，濁音】 /s/ 【絲 像蛇吐芯子發(fā)出的那種聲音，不要把ī給讀出來，輕音】 /z/ 【就是/s/的濁音】 6 11)[ə:] girl, work, serve, nurse 12)[ə] cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday 13)[ei] cake, they, play, eight, great, 14)[ai] bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye 15)[əu] phone, cold, boat, soul, grow 16)[au] house, town 17)[ɔi] boy, oil 18)[iə] dear, idea, deer, here, fierce, 19)[εə] pear, care, there, fair 20)[uə] tour, poor, 3. 容易混淆的元音 1)[e] [æ] bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land 2)[i:] [ei] real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid 3)[e] [ai] bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide 4)[au] [ɔ:] house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause 5)[au] [Λ] found fond; gown gone; down don 4. 輔音 1)[p] pen, 2)[b] bed, comb 3)[t] tell, 4)[d], day, played, wanted 5)[k] cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box 6)[g] big, go, guess, language 7)[m] man 8)[n] nine, knife, autumn 9)[η] bank, uncle, English, sing, 10)[l] land, world 11)[r] read, write, 12)[f] five, cough, laugh 13)[v] voice, of 14)[θ] think, 15)[ e] this, bathe 16)[s] sit, miss, science, case, scarf 17)[z] zoo, close, 18)[∫] sure, she, social, nation 19)[/] pleasure, 20)[h] hot, who, hour 21)[w] wall, what, answer 22)[j] yes 23)[t∫] child, teach, catch 24)[d/] joke, bridge, 25)[ts] boats 26)[dz] goods 27)[tr] tree 7 28)[dr] dream 5. 容易混淆的輔音 1)[v] [w] vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well 2)[s] [θ] sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math 3)[z] [e] closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes 4)[n] [η] thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang 6. 讀音規(guī)則 1)重讀音節(jié)(見元音和輔音的例句) 2)非重讀音節(jié) [ə] banana, student, today, after, [i] orange, secret, evening, very, Monday 7. 特殊讀音 1)音的連讀：not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all 2)失去爆破：good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme 3)音的同化：this year, Would you do it? Can't you see it? 8. 重音 1)單詞重音 A)雙音節(jié)詞 a)一般在第一個音節(jié)重讀。letter, sorry b)有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前綴的詞，第二個音節(jié)是重音。 a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect, com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss, im'press, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'late c)有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前綴的重音與詞義和詞類有關, 一般名詞的重音在第一個音節(jié)上，其它的詞性在第二個音節(jié)上。 'record, re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content, con'tent d)有些復合詞和帶有前綴 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的詞，有兩個重音。 'out'side, 're'tell, 'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese, 'pre-'war, 'post-'war B)多音節(jié)詞 a)一般倒數(shù)第三個音節(jié)是重音。'difficult, 'communist, 'family, e'conomy, oppor'tunity,de'mocracy. b)有一些雙音節(jié)詞，加了前綴和后綴成了多音節(jié)，但這些詞按原來詞根的重音讀音。 'carefully, in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor, ac'cording, dis'turbance, 'complicated,es'tablishment, c)詞尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后綴的詞，重音在這些后綴的前一個音節(jié)上。 cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'torial, his'torian, peri'odic, mathe'matics, ex'perience,suf'ficient, i'dentify, trans'lation, re'ligious, curi'osity, pro'tective d)詞尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后綴的詞，重音在該后綴上，而且有一個次重音。enter'tain, emplo'yee, mountai'neer, Japa'nese, ciga'rette 2)句子重音 A) 英語的節(jié)奏：（輕）-輕-重-輕-（輕）或重-輕-（輕）（輕）重 B) 英語句子的長短：是由句子中的重讀詞的數(shù)目決定的，而不是象漢語那樣由句子中的漢字數(shù)目決定的。 C) 實詞重讀（副詞重讀），虛詞輕讀(冠詞，單音節(jié)介詞，單音節(jié)連詞，人稱代詞，反代詞，物主代詞，關系代詞，相互代詞，助動詞，情態(tài)動詞和系動詞be. D) 實詞不重讀的特殊情況 a) 實詞第二次出現(xiàn) 8 He thinks of that as a child thinks. b) 一個名詞被第二個名詞修飾 I met her in the railway station. c) 代替詞 Which book do you want? The small one. d) 感嘆詞中的 what 和how What a good day it is! How beautiful she is! e) street 在專有名詞中 Wangfujing Street. f) this在這些短語中，this morning/afternoon/evening E)虛詞重讀的特殊情況 a) 情態(tài)動詞，助動詞和系動詞be在句首，句尾和否定時。 Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can. I don't like you. He isn't a worker. b) 情態(tài)動詞表示可能，驚奇和肯定時。 They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room. c) 介詞在句首和句尾。 In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with. d) 引導復合句的連詞在句首。 If you wish, I'll visit you. When he comes, I'll tell him. e)反身代詞表示強調。 He couldn't come himself. 英語發(fā)音連讀的規(guī)則 連讀的條件：相鄰的兩詞在意義上必須密切相關，同屬一個意群。連讀所構成的音節(jié)一般都不重讀，只需順其自然地一帶而過，不可讀得太重，也不可音。(連讀符號：~) (1)“輔音+元音”型連讀 在同一個意群里，如果相鄰兩詞中的前一個詞是以輔音結尾，后一個詞是以元音開頭，這就要將輔音與元音拼起來連讀。 I’m~an~English boy. It~is~an~old book. Let me have~a look~at~it. Ms Black worked in~an~office last~yesterday. I called~you half~an~hour~ago. Put~it~on, please. Not~at~all. Please pick~it~up. (2)“r/re+元音”型連讀 如果前一個詞是以-r或者-re結尾，后一個詞是以元音開頭，這時的r或re不但要發(fā)/r/，而且還要與后面的元音拼起來連讀。 They’re my father~and mother. I looked for~it here~and there. There~is a football under~it. There~are some books on the desk. 9 Here~is a letter for you. Here~are four~eggs. But where~is my cup? Where~are your brother~and sister? 但是，如果一個音節(jié)的前后都有字母r，即使后面的詞以元音開頭，也不能連讀。 The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.（nearer與and不可連讀） (3)“輔音+半元音”型連讀 英語語音中的/j/和/w/是半元音，如果前一個詞是以輔音結尾，后一個詞是以半元音，特別是/j/開頭，此時也要連讀。 Thank~you. Nice to meet~you. Did~you get there late~again? Would~you like~a cup~of tea？ Could~you help me, please? “音的同化” —常把/d/+/j/讀成/dV/，did you聽上成了/dIdVu/，would you成了/wudVu/，could you成了/kudVu/。 (4)“元音+元音”型連讀如果前一個詞以元音結尾，后一個詞以元音開頭，這兩個音往往也要自然而不間斷地連讀到一起。 I~am Chinese. He~is very friendly to me. She wants to study~English. How~and why did you come here? She can’t carry~it. It’ll take you three~hours to walk there. The question is too~easy for him to answer. (5)當短語或從句之間按意群進行停頓時，意群與意群之間即使有兩個相鄰的輔音與元音出現(xiàn)，也不可連讀。 Is~it a~hat or a cat?（hat與or之間不可以連讀） There~is~a good book in my desk. （book與in之間不可以連讀） Can you speak~English or French? （English與or之間不可以連讀） Shall we meet at~eight or ten tomorrow morning? （meet與 at，eight與or之間不可以連讀） She opened the door and walked~in. （door與and之間不可以連讀） 失去爆破6個爆破音有3對/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/，/k/，/g/ 失去爆破，又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情況下，只須做出發(fā)音的準備，但并不發(fā)音，稍稍停頓后就發(fā)后面的音。 (1)“爆破音+爆破音”型 6個爆破音中的任意2個相臨時，前一個爆破音會失去爆破，即由相關的發(fā)音器官做好這個發(fā)音的姿勢，稍做停頓后即發(fā)后面的爆破音。 The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now. The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people. Wha(t) time does he get up every morning? This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car. The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too. We’re going to work on a farm nex(t) Tuesday. 10 What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee? It’s a very col(d) day, but it’s a goo(d) day. You can put i(t) down in the bi(g) garden. I bought a chea(p) book, but it’s a goo(d) book. (2)“爆破音+摩擦音”型如果前面是爆破音，其后緊跟著某些摩擦音（如/f/，/s/，/W/，/T/等），那么前面那個爆破音僅有十分輕微的爆破，而后面那個摩擦音則要完全爆破。 6個爆破音有3對/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/，/k/，/g/失去爆破，又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情況下，只須做出發(fā)音的準備，但并不發(fā)音，稍稍停頓后就發(fā)后面的音。 (1)“爆破音+爆破音”型6個爆破音中的任意2個相臨時，前一個爆破音會失去爆破，即由相關的發(fā)音器官做好這個發(fā)音的姿勢，稍做停頓后即發(fā)后面的爆破音。 The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now. The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people. Wha(t) time does he get up every morning? This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car. The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too. We’re going to work on a farm nex(t) Tuesday. What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee? It’s a very col(d) day, but it’s a goo(d) day. You can put i(t) down in the bi(g) garden. I bought a chea(p) book, but it’s a goo(d) book. (2)“爆破音+摩擦音”型如果前面是爆破音，其后緊跟著某些摩擦音（如/f/，/s/，/W/，/T/等），那么前面那個爆破音僅有十分輕微的爆破，而后面那個摩擦音則要完全爆破。 Goo(d) morning, Mr. Bell. Goo(d) morning, dear. Uncle Li’s fa(c)tory is qui(te) near to the cinema. I wen(t) there alone a(t) nine las(t) night. -Do you know his bi(ke) number? -Sorry, I don’(t) know. The forty-firs(t) lesson is qui(te) difficult. Goo(d) luck, Lin Tao
元音 (20個) 單元音 12個 前 元 音(4個) [i:] [i] [e] [æ] 后 元 音(5個) [ɑ:] [ɔ:] [ɔ] [u:] [u] 中 元 音(3個) [ʌ] [ə:] [ə] 雙元音8個 合口雙元音(5個) [ei] [əu] [ai] [au] [ɔi] 集中雙元音(3個) [iə] [uə] [ɛə] 輔音 (28個) 清 輔 音(11個) [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [ʃ] [tʃ] [tr] [ts] [h] 濁 輔 音(17個) [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [e] [ʒ] [dʒ] [dr] [dz] [l] [m] [n] [ŋ] [j] [w] [r] /i:/ bee/bi:/ feet/fi:t/ keep/ki:p/ key/ki:/ team/ti:m/ meet/mi:t/ /i/ it /it/ big/big/ city/siti/ give/giv/ sick/sik/ /e/ get/get/ best/best/ text/tekst/ help/help/ /æ/ fat/fæt/ have/hæv/ cat/kæt/ back/bæk/ hat/hæt/ /a:/ laugh/la:f/ glass/gla:s/ half/ha:f/ farm/fa:m/ park/pa:k/ / ɔ:/ horse/hɔ: s/ saw/sɔ:/ corn/kɔ:n/ course/kɔ:s/ salt/sɔ:t/ / ɔ / dog/dɔg/ pot/pɔt/ cost/kɔst/ what/wɔt/ honest/′ɔnist/ /u:/ food/fu:d/ moon/mu:n/ rule/ru:l/ loose/lu:s/ noon/nu:n/ /u/ book/buk/ put/put/ good/gud/ would/wud/ could/kud/ / ʌ / must/mʌst/ does/dʌz/ money/′mʌni/ ugly/′ʌgli/ come/kʌm/ /ə:/ nurse/nə:s/ bird/bə:d/ burn/bə:n/ turn/tə:n/ girl/gə:l/ /ə / better/betə/ never/nevə/ worker/wə:kə/ welcome/welkəm/ /ei/ may/mei/ name/neim/ game/geim/ eight/eit/ age/eidʒ/ /əu/ no/nəu/ home/həum/ hope/həup/ wrote/rəut/ note/nəut/ pose/pəuz/ /ai/ eye/ai/ time/taim/ buy/bai/ right/rait/ bike/baik/ kite/kait/ /au/ now/nau/ out/aut/ how/hau/ about/ ə′baut/ south/sauθ/ house/haus/ /ɔi/ boy/bɔi/ toy/tɔi/ noise/nɔiz/ voice/vɔis/ point/pɔint/ coin/kɔin/ /iə/ ear/iə/ near/niə/ idea/ai′diə/ hear/hiə/ mere/miə/ spear/spiə/ /εə/ air/εə/ tear/tεə/ care/kεə/ dare/dεə/ fair/fεə/ there/eεə/ /uə/ tour/tuə/ poor/puə/ sure/ʃuə/ moor/muə/(停泊) your/juə/ /p/ pea/pi:/ pie/pai/ top/tɔp/ cap/kæp/ people/pi:pl/ pride/praid/ /b/ bee/bi:/ by/bai/ buy/bai/ black/blæk/ bear/bεə/ /t/ let/let/ sat/sæt/ feet/fi:t/ team/ti:m/ tide/taid/ /d/ led/led/ sad/sæd/ feed/fi:d/ do/du:/ dear/diə/ /k/ lack/læk/ take/teik/ clock/klɔk/ class/kla:s/ weekend/′wi:kend/ /g/ big/big/ lag/læg/ glass/gla:s/ gum/gʌm/ good/gud/ guest/gest/ /f/ face/feis/ fast/fa:st/ leaf/li:f/ surf/sə:f/ favorite/′feivərit/ /v/ very/′veri/ five/faiv/ fever/′fi:və/ serve/sə:v/ never/′nevə/ /θ/ bath/ba:θ/(v洗澡) thick/θik/ mouth/mauθ/ breath/breθ/(n呼吸) thought/θɔ:t/ author/′ɔθə/ truth/tru:θ/ /e/ the/ eə/ they/eei/ that/eæt/ mother/′mʌeə/ thus/ eʌs/ then/een/ /s/ face/feis/ mouse/maus/ cakes/keiks/ caps/kæps/ likes/laiks/ stops/stɔps/ /z/ close/kləuz/ keys/ki:z/ boys/bɔiz/ pens/penz/ halves/ha:vz/ /tʃ/ catch/kætʃ/ cheep/tʃi:p/ rich/ritʃ/ watch/wtʃ/ child/tʃaild/ question/kwestʃən/ teach/ti:tʃ/ challenge/tʃlindʒ/ /dʒ/ orange/′ɔridʒ/ large/la:dʒ/ juice/dʒu:s/ job/dʒɔb/ /tr/ tree/tri:/ try/trai/ true/tru:/ trouble/traubl/ track/træk/ /dr/ dry/drai/ dream/dri:m/ dress/dres/ drink/driŋk/ hundred/′hʌndrid/ /ʃ/ she/ʃi:/ sharp/ʃa:p/ fish/fiʃ/ shock/ʃɔk/ shoe/ʃu:/ /ʒ/ pleasure/′pleʒə/ measure/′meʒə/ television/′teliviʒən/ /ts/ let′s/lets/ sports/spɔ:ts/ puts/puts/ writes/raits/ seats/si:ts/ /dz/ hands/hændz/ birds/bə:dz/ friends/freindz/ beds/bedz/ stands/stændz/ /h/ he/ hi:/ hard/ha:d/ him/him/ heard/hə:d/ half/ha:f/ /l/ like/laik/ late/leit/ learn/lə:n/ lead/li:d/ light/lait/ /m/ my/mai/ more/mɔ:/ seem/si:m/ meat/mi:t/ mind/maind/ men/men/ /n/ nice/nais/ wind/waind/ mind/maind/ rain/rein/ fine/fain/ /ŋ/ sing/siŋ/ wing/wiŋ/ ring/riŋ/ long/lɔŋ/ beautiful/bju:təfl/ /j/ you/ju:/ few/fju:/ yard/ja:d/ music/′mju:zik/ student/′stju:dnt/ excuse/ik′skju:z/ /w/ work/wə:k/ way/wei/ well/wel/ what/wɔt/ twelve/twelv/ twin/twin/ /r/ red/red/ road/rəud/ write/rait/ wrong/rɔŋ/ problem/′prɔbləm/音標綜合練習 1./i:/ /i/ /e/ /æ/ /bit/ /wi:k/ /di:l/ /riəl/ /kid/ /dig/ /kwik/ /tip/ /zip/ /rid/ /wil/ /fil/ bit week deal real kid dig quick tip zip rid will fill /pet/ /pæk/ /gæp/ /kæg/ /næg/ /ræm/ /bætl/ /sed/ /′hæpi/ /ten/ /red/ pet pack gap cap nag ram battle said happy ten red /′setl/ /træʃ/ /di′pend/ settle trash depend 2./a:/ / ɔ:/ / ɔ / /u:/ /u/ /a:sk/ /ma:sk/ /pa:st/ /fra:ns/ /ɔd/ /lɔ:n/ /nɔ:t/ /pɔ:z/ /fɔks/ /sɔk/ ask mask past France odd lawn naught pause fox sock /fa:/ /la:dʒ / /ma:k/ /lɔ:d/ /tɔ:/ /stɔ:m/ /pɔt/ /krɔp/ /θɔt/ /prɔmis/ far large mark Lord torch storm pot crop thought promise /huk/ /lu:s/ /sut/ /tuk/ /mud/ /θru:/ /pul/ /wud/ hook loose soot took mood through pull wood 3./ʌ/ /ə/ /ə/ /bʌz/ /dʌl/ /′hʌri/ /gʌlf/ /′trʌbl/ /ə:n/ /sə:f/ /′tə:nə/ /′begə/ /tʌk/ buss dull hurry gulf trouble earn surf turner begger tuck /kə:b/ /ə:k/ /ə′merik / /′sɔkə/ /′kæmpə/ /sə′vei/ /pə′veid/ /pə′hæps/ curb irk America soccer camper survey pervade perhaps /bə:′lesk/ /′mə:də/ burlesque murder 3./ei/ /əu/ /ai/ /au/ /ɔi/ /keip/ /greit/ /mein/ /prəpəuz/ /′məuʃən/ /stəun/ /′əuvə/ /sait/ kape great main propose motion stone over sight /raim/ /daut/ /′taipist/ /aust/ /mɔist/ /′ɔistə/ rhyme doubt typist oust moist oyster 4./iə/ /ɛə/ /uə/ /viə/ /ə′fɛə/ /dɛə/ /skɛə/ /buən/ /guəd/ /′ruərəl/ /ə′piə/ /kəlʌmbiə/ veer affair dare scare bourn gourd rural appear Colombia/mətiəriəl/ /mistiəriəs/ material mysterious 5./θ/ /e/ /mʌnθ/ /θi:f/ /eæt/ /eæ n/ /feiθ/ /tə′geeə/ /θæŋk/ /eəm′selvz/ month thief that than faith together thank themselves 元音音素： /i:/ 【衣 發(fā)長點】 /I/ 【衣 急促地發(fā)聲】 /e/ 【哎 發(fā)這個音的時候不要把“哎”的ī給讀出來，嘴唇放松自然地讀】 /æ/ 【哎 發(fā)這個音的時候不要把“哎”的ī給讀出來，嘴唇扁平地發(fā)】 /ə:/ 【額 發(fā)長音】 /ə/ 【額 發(fā)短音】 /∧/ 【阿 嘴巴微微地張開發(fā)出這個音就可以了】 /a:/ 【啊 嘴巴長到】 /כ/ 【哦 急促】 /כ:/ 【哦 聲音拖長】 /u/ 【烏 急促】 /u:/ 【烏 聲音拖長】 /eI/ 【有點像答應人的“誒”的聲音】 /aI/ 【唉】 /כI/ 【哦－喂 連著讀】 /əu/ 【嘔】 /au/ 【傲】 /Iə/ 【衣－餓 連著讀】 /εə/ 【哎－餓 連著讀】 /uə/ 【烏－餓 連著讀】 輔音音素： /p/ 【普 不要把ǔ給發(fā)出來，輕音】 /b/ 【不 不要把ù給發(fā)出來，濁音】 /t/ 【特 不要把è給發(fā)出來，輕音】 /d/ 【得 不要把é給發(fā)出來，濁音】 /k/ 【克 不要把è給發(fā)出來，輕音】 /g/ 【各 不要把è給發(fā)出來，濁音】 /f/ 【福 不要把ú給發(fā)出來，輕音】 /v/ 【有點像摩托車啟動的聲音，“嗚嗚嗚”地，但是是像發(fā)“vúvúvú”一樣，不要把ú給發(fā)出來，濁音】 /s/ 【絲 像蛇吐芯子發(fā)出的那種聲音，不要把ī給讀出來，輕音】 /z/ 【就是/s/的濁音】 6 11)[ə:] girl, work, serve, nurse 12)[ə] cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday 13)[ei] cake, they, play, eight, great, 14)[ai] bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye 15)[əu] phone, cold, boat, soul, grow 16)[au] house, town 17)[ɔi] boy, oil 18)[iə] dear, idea, deer, here, fierce, 19)[εə] pear, care, there, fair 20)[uə] tour, poor, 3. 容易混淆的元音 1)[e] [æ] bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land 2)[i:] [ei] real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid 3)[e] [ai] bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide 4)[au] [ɔ:] house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause 5)[au] [Λ] found fond; gown gone; down don 4. 輔音 1)[p] pen, 2)[b] bed, comb 3)[t] tell, 4)[d], day, played, wanted 5)[k] cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box 6)[g] big, go, guess, language 7)[m] man 8)[n] nine, knife, autumn 9)[η] bank, uncle, English, sing, 10)[l] land, world 11)[r] read, write, 12)[f] five, cough, laugh 13)[v] voice, of 14)[θ] think, 15)[ e] this, bathe 16)[s] sit, miss, science, case, scarf 17)[z] zoo, close, 18)[∫] sure, she, social, nation 19)[/] pleasure, 20)[h] hot, who, hour 21)[w] wall, what, answer 22)[j] yes 23)[t∫] child, teach, catch 24)[d/] joke, bridge, 25)[ts] boats 26)[dz] goods 27)[tr] tree 7 28)[dr] dream 5. 容易混淆的輔音 1)[v] [w] vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well 2)[s] [θ] sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math 3)[z] [e] closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes 4)[n] [η] thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang 6. 讀音規(guī)則 1)重讀音節(jié)(見元音和輔音的例句) 2)非重讀音節(jié) [ə] banana, student, today, after, [i] orange, secret, evening, very, Monday 7. 特殊讀音 1)音的連讀：not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all 2)失去爆破：good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme 3)音的同化：this year, Would you do it? Can't you see it? 8. 重音 1)單詞重音 A)雙音節(jié)詞 a)一般在第一個音節(jié)重讀。letter, sorry b)有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前綴的詞，第二個音節(jié)是重音。 a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect, com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss, im'press, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'late c)有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前綴的重音與詞義和詞類有關, 一般名詞的重音在第一個音節(jié)上，其它的詞性在第二個音節(jié)上。 'record, re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content, con'tent d)有些復合詞和帶有前綴 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的詞，有兩個重音。 'out'side, 're'tell, 'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese, 'pre-'war, 'post-'war B)多音節(jié)詞 a)一般倒數(shù)第三個音節(jié)是重音。'difficult, 'communist, 'family, e'conomy, oppor'tunity,de'mocracy. b)有一些雙音節(jié)詞，加了前綴和后綴成了多音節(jié)，但這些詞按原來詞根的重音讀音。 'carefully, in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor, ac'cording, dis'turbance, 'complicated,es'tablishment, c)詞尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后綴的詞，重音在這些后綴的前一個音節(jié)上。 cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'torial, his'torian, peri'odic, mathe'matics, ex'perience,suf'ficient, i'dentify, trans'lation, re'ligious, curi'osity, pro'tective d)詞尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后綴的詞，重音在該后綴上，而且有一個次重音。enter'tain, emplo'yee, mountai'neer, Japa'nese, ciga'rette 2)句子重音 A) 英語的節(jié)奏：（輕）-輕-重-輕-（輕）或重-輕-（輕）（輕）重 B) 英語句子的長短：是由句子中的重讀詞的數(shù)目決定的，而不是象漢語那樣由句子中的漢字數(shù)目決定的。 C) 實詞重讀（副詞重讀），虛詞輕讀(冠詞，單音節(jié)介詞，單音節(jié)連詞，人稱代詞，反代詞，物主代詞，關系代詞，相互代詞，助動詞，情態(tài)動詞和系動詞be. D) 實詞不重讀的特殊情況 a) 實詞第二次出現(xiàn) 8 He thinks of that as a child thinks. b) 一個名詞被第二個名詞修飾 I met her in the railway station. c) 代替詞 Which book do you want? The small one. d) 感嘆詞中的 what 和how What a good day it is! How beautiful she is! e) street 在專有名詞中 Wangfujing Street. f) this在這些短語中，this morning/afternoon/evening E)虛詞重讀的特殊情況 a) 情態(tài)動詞，助動詞和系動詞be在句首，句尾和否定時。 Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can. I don't like you. He isn't a worker. b) 情態(tài)動詞表示可能，驚奇和肯定時。 They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room. c) 介詞在句首和句尾。 In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with. d) 引導復合句的連詞在句首。 If you wish, I'll visit you. When he comes, I'll tell him. e)反身代詞表示強調。 He couldn't come himself. 英語發(fā)音連讀的規(guī)則 連讀的條件：相鄰的兩詞在意義上必須密切相關，同屬一個意群。連讀所構成的音節(jié)一般都不重讀，只需順其自然地一帶而過，不可讀得太重，也不可音。(連讀符號：~) (1)“輔音+元音”型連讀 在同一個意群里，如果相鄰兩詞中的前一個詞是以輔音結尾，后一個詞是以元音開頭，這就要將輔音與元音拼起來連讀。 I’m~an~English boy. It~is~an~old book. Let me have~a look~at~it. Ms Black worked in~an~office last~yesterday. I called~you half~an~hour~ago. Put~it~on, please. Not~at~all. Please pick~it~up. (2)“r/re+元音”型連讀 如果前一個詞是以-r或者-re結尾，后一個詞是以元音開頭，這時的r或re不但要發(fā)/r/，而且還要與后面的元音拼起來連讀。 They’re my father~and mother. I looked for~it here~and there. There~is a football under~it. There~are some books on the desk. 9 Here~is a letter for you. Here~are four~eggs. But where~is my cup? Where~are your brother~and sister? 但是，如果一個音節(jié)的前后都有字母r，即使后面的詞以元音開頭，也不能連讀。 The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.（nearer與and不可連讀） (3)“輔音+半元音”型連讀 英語語音中的/j/和/w/是半元音，如果前一個詞是以輔音結尾，后一個詞是以半元音，特別是/j/開頭，此時也要連讀。 Thank~you. Nice to meet~you. Did~you get there late~again? Would~you like~a cup~of tea？ Could~you help me, please? “音的同化” —常把/d/+/j/讀成/dV/，did you聽上成了/dIdVu/，would you成了/wudVu/，could you成了/kudVu/。 (4)“元音+元音”型連讀如果前一個詞以元音結尾，后一個詞以元音開頭，這兩個音往往也要自然而不間斷地連讀到一起。 I~am Chinese. He~is very friendly to me. She wants to study~English. How~and why did you come here? She can’t carry~it. It’ll take you three~hours to walk there. The question is too~easy for him to answer. (5)當短語或從句之間按意群進行停頓時，意群與意群之間即使有兩個相鄰的輔音與元音出現(xiàn)，也不可連讀。 Is~it a~hat or a cat?（hat與or之間不可以連讀） There~is~a good book in my desk. （book與in之間不可以連讀） Can you speak~English or French? （English與or之間不可以連讀） Shall we meet at~eight or ten tomorrow morning? （meet與 at，eight與or之間不可以連讀） She opened the door and walked~in. （door與and之間不可以連讀） 失去爆破6個爆破音有3對/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/，/k/，/g/ 失去爆破，又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情況下，只須做出發(fā)音的準備，但并不發(fā)音，稍稍停頓后就發(fā)后面的音。 (1)“爆破音+爆破音”型 6個爆破音中的任意2個相臨時，前一個爆破音會失去爆破，即由相關的發(fā)音器官做好這個發(fā)音的姿勢，稍做停頓后即發(fā)后面的爆破音。 The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now. The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people. Wha(t) time does he get up every morning? This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car. The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too. We’re going to work on a farm nex(t) Tuesday. 10 What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee? It’s a very col(d) day, but it’s a goo(d) day. You can put i(t) down in the bi(g) garden. I bought a chea(p) book, but it’s a goo(d) book. (2)“爆破音+摩擦音”型如果前面是爆破音，其后緊跟著某些摩擦音（如/f/，/s/，/W/，/T/等），那么前面那個爆破音僅有十分輕微的爆破，而后面那個摩擦音則要完全爆破。 6個爆破音有3對/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/，/k/，/g/失去爆破，又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情況下，只須做出發(fā)音的準備，但并不發(fā)音，稍稍停頓后就發(fā)后面的音。 (1)“爆破音+爆破音”型6個爆破音中的任意2個相臨時，前一個爆破音會失去爆破，即由相關的發(fā)音器官做好這個發(fā)音的姿勢，稍做停頓后即發(fā)后面的爆破音。 The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now. The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people. Wha(t) time does he get up every morning? This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car. The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too. We’re going to work on a farm nex(t) Tuesday. What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee? It’s a very col(d) day, but it’s a goo(d) day. You can put i(t) down in the bi(g) garden. I bought a chea(p) book, but it’s a goo(d) book. (2)“爆破音+摩擦音”型如果前面是爆破音，其后緊跟著某些摩擦音（如/f/，/s/，/W/，/T/等），那么前面那個爆破音僅有十分輕微的爆破，而后面那個摩擦音則要完全爆破。 Goo(d) morning, Mr. Bell. Goo(d) morning, dear. Uncle Li’s fa(c)tory is qui(te) near to the cinema. I wen(t) there alone a(t) nine las(t) night. -Do you know his bi(ke) number? -Sorry, I don’(t) know. The forty-firs(t) lesson is qui(te) difficult. Goo(d) luck, Lin Tao