以下是為大家整理的關(guān)于《少兒英語科普知識：利用同步輻射加強(qiáng)X射線斷層攝影術(shù)》文章，供大家學(xué)習(xí)參考！
小編推薦： 英文歌詞| 英文網(wǎng)名| 英語祝福語| 英文名字| 英語詩歌| 英語作文網(wǎng)
X-ray phase tomography is an imaging technique that uses penetrating1 X-rays to create volumetric views through "slices" or sections of soft biological tissues, such as tumors, and it offers strongly enhanced contrast compared to conventional CT scans. Yet scientists still do not know which X-ray phase tomography methods are best suited to yield optimized2 results for a wide variety of conditions. To answer this question, a large group of researchers in Europe set out to compare three different X-ray phase tomography methods at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility's (ESRF) beamline ID19 in France -- X-ray grating interferometry, propagation-based phase tomography with single-distance phase reconstruction3, and holotomography.
Led by Irene Zanette, a scientist affiliated4 with both ESRF and the Technische Universität München (TUM) in Germany, the researchers put these three techniques to the test by examining cancerous tissue from a mouse model and an entire rat's heart, which they report this week in the Journal of Applied5 Physics, from AIP Publishing.
Along with colleagues Bert Müller, group leader of the Biomaterials Science Center in Switzerland, and Timm Weitkamp, a scientist at the Synchrotron SOLEIL in France, the team explored which method performs best in terms of spatial6 resolution and visualization/quantification of relevant features in the samples. They also investigated other related factors such as the simplicity7 of the setup, and the data acquisition and analysis involved in each method.
To do this, the researchers chose to exploit synchrotron radiation, which produces significantly higher-quality X-rays than conventional X-ray generators8 such as those found in hospitals.
What exactly is synchrotron radiation? "Think of synchrotron radiation as being analogous9 to the sort of monochromatic10, collimated and intense light produced by lasers, while conventional X-ray generators in hospitals are more analogous to light bulbs we use within our homes," explained Zanette, currently a postdoctoral scientist in biomedical physics at TUM in Germany.
1 penetrating ImTzZS
adj.（聲音）響亮的，尖銳的adj.（氣味）刺激的adj.（思想）敏銳的，有洞察力的
參考例句：
He had an extraordinarily penetrating gaze. 他的目光有股異乎尋常的洞察力。
He examined the man with a penetrating gaze. 他以銳利的目光仔細(xì)觀察了那個人。
2 optimized 81c61ac8ff2adb570ce4c7e7dfed59bd
adj.佳化的，（使）優(yōu)化的v.使優(yōu)化，使盡可能有效( optimize的過去式和過去分詞 )
參考例句：
We are often asked whether consumer Web sites should be optimized for beginners or intermediates. 我們常常被問到這樣的問題：消費類網(wǎng)站究竟應(yīng)該為新手而優(yōu)化，還是應(yīng)該為中間用戶而優(yōu)化？ 來自About Face 3交互設(shè)計精髓
GOOGLE Advertising optimized sequence, greatly increasing the advertising effect. 優(yōu)化了GOOGLE廣告位排列順序，大大增加了廣告效果。 來自互聯(lián)網(wǎng)
3 reconstruction 3U6xb
n.重建，再現(xiàn)，復(fù)原
參考例句：
The country faces a huge task of national reconstruction following the war.戰(zhàn)后，該國面臨著重建家園的艱巨任務(wù)。
In the period of reconstruction,technique decides everything.在重建時期，技術(shù)決定一切。
4 affiliated 78057fb733c9c93ffbdc5f0ed15ef458
adj. 附屬的, 有關(guān)連的
參考例句：
The hospital is affiliated with the local university. 這家醫(yī)院附屬于當(dāng)?shù)卮髮W(xué)。
All affiliated members can vote. 所有隸屬成員都有投票權(quán)。
5 applied Tz2zXA
adj.應(yīng)用的；v.應(yīng)用，適用
參考例句：
She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)用語言學(xué)課程。
This cream is best applied to the face at night.這種乳霜好晚上擦臉用。
6 spatial gvcww
adj.空間的，占據(jù)空間的
參考例句：
This part of brain judges the spatial relationship between objects.大腦的這部分判斷物體間的空間關(guān)系。
They said that time is the feeling of spatial displacement.他們說時間是空間位移的感覺。
7 simplicity Vryyv
n.簡單，簡易；樸素；直率，單純
參考例句：
She dressed with elegant simplicity.她穿著樸素高雅。
The beauty of this plan is its simplicity.簡明扼要是這個計劃的一大特點。
8 generators 49511c3cf5edacaa03c4198875f15e4e
n.發(fā)電機(jī)，發(fā)生器( generator的名詞復(fù)數(shù) )；電力公司
參考例句：
The factory's emergency generators were used during the power cut. 工廠應(yīng)急發(fā)電機(jī)在停電期間用上了。
Power can be fed from wind generators into the electricity grid system. 電力可以從風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)流入輸電網(wǎng)。 來自《簡明英漢詞典》
9 analogous aLdyQ
adj.相似的；類似的
參考例句：
The two situations are roughly analogous.兩種情況大致相似。
The company is in a position closely analogous to that of its main rival.該公司與主要競爭對手的處境極為相似。
10 monochromatic HjYy7
adj.單色的，一色的
參考例句：
The resolution of white light into its separate monochromatic components is called dispersion.這種白光分解為各單色成分的現(xiàn)象叫做色散。
My sister selected a monochromatic color-scheme for her new apartment.我妹妹為自己的新居選擇了單一色調(diào)的設(shè)計。
小編推薦： 英文歌詞| 英文網(wǎng)名| 英語祝福語| 英文名字| 英語詩歌| 英語作文網(wǎng)
X-ray phase tomography is an imaging technique that uses penetrating1 X-rays to create volumetric views through "slices" or sections of soft biological tissues, such as tumors, and it offers strongly enhanced contrast compared to conventional CT scans. Yet scientists still do not know which X-ray phase tomography methods are best suited to yield optimized2 results for a wide variety of conditions. To answer this question, a large group of researchers in Europe set out to compare three different X-ray phase tomography methods at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility's (ESRF) beamline ID19 in France -- X-ray grating interferometry, propagation-based phase tomography with single-distance phase reconstruction3, and holotomography.
Led by Irene Zanette, a scientist affiliated4 with both ESRF and the Technische Universität München (TUM) in Germany, the researchers put these three techniques to the test by examining cancerous tissue from a mouse model and an entire rat's heart, which they report this week in the Journal of Applied5 Physics, from AIP Publishing.
Along with colleagues Bert Müller, group leader of the Biomaterials Science Center in Switzerland, and Timm Weitkamp, a scientist at the Synchrotron SOLEIL in France, the team explored which method performs best in terms of spatial6 resolution and visualization/quantification of relevant features in the samples. They also investigated other related factors such as the simplicity7 of the setup, and the data acquisition and analysis involved in each method.
To do this, the researchers chose to exploit synchrotron radiation, which produces significantly higher-quality X-rays than conventional X-ray generators8 such as those found in hospitals.
What exactly is synchrotron radiation? "Think of synchrotron radiation as being analogous9 to the sort of monochromatic10, collimated and intense light produced by lasers, while conventional X-ray generators in hospitals are more analogous to light bulbs we use within our homes," explained Zanette, currently a postdoctoral scientist in biomedical physics at TUM in Germany.
1 penetrating ImTzZS
adj.（聲音）響亮的，尖銳的adj.（氣味）刺激的adj.（思想）敏銳的，有洞察力的
參考例句：
He had an extraordinarily penetrating gaze. 他的目光有股異乎尋常的洞察力。
He examined the man with a penetrating gaze. 他以銳利的目光仔細(xì)觀察了那個人。
2 optimized 81c61ac8ff2adb570ce4c7e7dfed59bd
adj.佳化的，（使）優(yōu)化的v.使優(yōu)化，使盡可能有效( optimize的過去式和過去分詞 )
參考例句：
We are often asked whether consumer Web sites should be optimized for beginners or intermediates. 我們常常被問到這樣的問題：消費類網(wǎng)站究竟應(yīng)該為新手而優(yōu)化，還是應(yīng)該為中間用戶而優(yōu)化？ 來自About Face 3交互設(shè)計精髓
GOOGLE Advertising optimized sequence, greatly increasing the advertising effect. 優(yōu)化了GOOGLE廣告位排列順序，大大增加了廣告效果。 來自互聯(lián)網(wǎng)
3 reconstruction 3U6xb
n.重建，再現(xiàn)，復(fù)原
參考例句：
The country faces a huge task of national reconstruction following the war.戰(zhàn)后，該國面臨著重建家園的艱巨任務(wù)。
In the period of reconstruction,technique decides everything.在重建時期，技術(shù)決定一切。
4 affiliated 78057fb733c9c93ffbdc5f0ed15ef458
adj. 附屬的, 有關(guān)連的
參考例句：
The hospital is affiliated with the local university. 這家醫(yī)院附屬于當(dāng)?shù)卮髮W(xué)。
All affiliated members can vote. 所有隸屬成員都有投票權(quán)。
5 applied Tz2zXA
adj.應(yīng)用的；v.應(yīng)用，適用
參考例句：
She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)用語言學(xué)課程。
This cream is best applied to the face at night.這種乳霜好晚上擦臉用。
6 spatial gvcww
adj.空間的，占據(jù)空間的
參考例句：
This part of brain judges the spatial relationship between objects.大腦的這部分判斷物體間的空間關(guān)系。
They said that time is the feeling of spatial displacement.他們說時間是空間位移的感覺。
7 simplicity Vryyv
n.簡單，簡易；樸素；直率，單純
參考例句：
She dressed with elegant simplicity.她穿著樸素高雅。
The beauty of this plan is its simplicity.簡明扼要是這個計劃的一大特點。
8 generators 49511c3cf5edacaa03c4198875f15e4e
n.發(fā)電機(jī)，發(fā)生器( generator的名詞復(fù)數(shù) )；電力公司
參考例句：
The factory's emergency generators were used during the power cut. 工廠應(yīng)急發(fā)電機(jī)在停電期間用上了。
Power can be fed from wind generators into the electricity grid system. 電力可以從風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)流入輸電網(wǎng)。 來自《簡明英漢詞典》
9 analogous aLdyQ
adj.相似的；類似的
參考例句：
The two situations are roughly analogous.兩種情況大致相似。
The company is in a position closely analogous to that of its main rival.該公司與主要競爭對手的處境極為相似。
10 monochromatic HjYy7
adj.單色的，一色的
參考例句：
The resolution of white light into its separate monochromatic components is called dispersion.這種白光分解為各單色成分的現(xiàn)象叫做色散。
My sister selected a monochromatic color-scheme for her new apartment.我妹妹為自己的新居選擇了單一色調(diào)的設(shè)計。