Part I Writing.
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Civil Servant Test Craze. Your essay should start with a brief description of the picture. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
1、1．隨著電子設(shè)備的增多，電子垃圾也越來越多
2．電子垃圾的危害很多
3．為此，我們應(yīng)該……
The Damage of E-waste
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Section A
2、 根據(jù)下面材料，回答2-11題。 The Guard Jan Greece，economically，is in the black．With very little to export other than such farm products as tobacco，cotton and fruit，the country earns enough from“invisible earnings”to pay for its needed，growing imports．From the sending out of things the Greeks，earn only$285 million；from tourism，shipping and the remittances of Greeks abroad．the country takes in an 36 $375 million and this washes out the almost$400 million by which imports exceed exports． It has a balanced budget．Although more than one drachma(希臘貨幣)out of four goes for defense，the government ended a recent year with a slight surplus一$66 million．Greece has a decent 37 of almost a third of a billion do Hars in gold and foreign exchange．It has a government not dependent on coalescing 38 parties to obtain parliamentary majorities． In thus summarizing a few happy highlights，I don't mean to 39 the vast extent of Greece’s problems．It is the poorest country by a wide margin in Free Europe，and poverty is widespread．At best an annual income of$60 to$70 is the lot of many a peasant．a(chǎn)nd substantial unemployment 40 the countatside，cities， and towns of Greece． There are few natural resources on which to build any substantial industrial base．Some years ago I wrote here: “Greek statesmanship will have to create an atmosphere in which home and foreign saves will willingly seek investment opportunities in the back ward economy of Greece．So far，most American and other foreign attempt have 41 down in the Greek government's red tape and shrewdness about small points．” Great 42 have been made．As far back as 1956，expanding tourism seemed a logical way to bring needed foreign currencies and additional jobs to Greece．At that time I talked with the Hilton Hotel people，who had been examining hotel possibilities，and to the Greek government division responsible for this area of the economy．They were hopelessly 43 in almost total differences of opinion and outlook． Today most of the incredibly varied，beautiful，historical sights of Greece have new，if in many cases modest．tourist facilities．Tourism itself has jumped from 44 $31 million to over$90 million．There is both a magnificent new Hilton Hotel in Athens and a completely modernized，greatly expanded Grande Bretagne，as well as other first rate new hotels．And the advent of jets has made Athens as 45 as Paris or Rome-without the sky high prices of traffic choked streets of either． A．a(chǎn)ccessible B．a(chǎn)dditional C．a(chǎn)pproximately D．bogged E．contend F．deadlocked G．deflect H．deliberately I．execution J．incompatible K．Incomparable L．mininlize M．plagues N．resever O．strides 第36題答案為__________
3、第37題答案為__________
4、第38題答案為__________
5、第39題答案為__________
6、第40題答案為__________
7、第41題答案為__________
8、第42題答案為__________
9、第43題答案為__________
10、第44題答案為__________
11、第45題答案為__________
聽力略
根據(jù)下面材料，回答47-56題。 German’s Education System [A]Germany invented the modern university but long ago lost its leading position to other countries，especially America．These days the land of poets and thinkers is prouder of its“dual system”for training skilled workers such as bakers and electricians．Teenagers not bound for university apply for places in three—year programmes combining classroom learning with practical experience within companies．The direct benefit is superior German quality in haircuts as well as cars．Dual training"is the reason we’re the world export champion”，says Mrs Schavan，the education minister．Azubis(trainees)acquire not just a professional qualification but an identity． [B]But the dual system is under pressure．The number of places offered by companies has long been falling short of the number of applicants． Almost as many youngsters move into a“transitional system”，a grab-bag of remedial education programs designed to prepare them for the dual system or another qualification．Often it turns out to be a dead end，especially for male immigrants．And given that Germany produces far fewer university graduates than many comparable countries．some wonder whether the dual system is producing the right qualifications for the knowledge—based professions of the future． [C]The system is governed by a consortium(協(xié)會)representing almost everyone who counts：the federal and state governments．the chambers of conunerce and the unions．It regulates access t0 350 narrowly defined trades．You can train to become a goldsmith，or if you want to manage a McDonald’s you learn Systemgastronomie． Baking bread and pastries(糕點(diǎn))are separate disciplines．Schools outside the system may not train Azubis for a reserved trade． [D]It makes sense to combine theory and practice，says Here Solga of the Social Science Research Centre in Berlin。but the dual system is rigid and discriminatory．And because the trades ale so specialized．getting a job at the end can be hard．In 2005 more than a third of graduates were unemployed a year after completing their course． Once a scholar,always a scholar [E]The type of secondary school a German attends，the degree he obtains and the exams he passes classify him for life．The differentiations are made earlier and more rigidly than in other countries． Many children are typecast(定型)at age ten，which is when most German states decide which of three kinds of secondary school he or she will attend．Traditionally the Hauptschulen。the lowest tier，were the main suppliers of recruits to the dual training system，but they gradually became dumping grounds for children who could not keep up．Upon leaving(sometimes without passing the final exanl)．nearly 40％ of these students find themselves in the precarious transitional system．The dual system now draws its intake mainly from the middle—grade Realschulen，the traditional training ground for white—collar workers，and even Gymnasien(grammar schools)，the main route to university． [F]The state bureaucracy acknowledges four career paths：the simple，middle，elevated and higher services．Bureaucrats in one category can rarely be ambitions to careers．Teachers in Gynumsien eajoy a higher status than those at other schools，and have their own trade union，the grandly named Philologenverband．A Meisterbrief，the highest vocational credent／a／(證書)，is not just a badge of competence but in some trades a keep-off sign to competitors． [G]Germans are now asking themselves whether this way of doing things is fair，and whether it is working．Although income is distributed relatively equally，opportunity is not．“Germany is one of the most rigid among the relatively advanced societies，”says Karl Ulrich Mayer，a sociologist at Yale University．But social exclusiveness has not produced excellence．The 2001“PISA shock”一a set of OECD figures which．revealed that German 15一year-olds scored in the bottom third among schoolchildren from 32 countries in tests of reading and maths has not worn off．Overall．Genuany’s performance remains mediocre。 More than a fifth of 15-year-olds cannot read．or calculate properly；8％of teenagers drop out of school． A war of ideoiogies [H] There is“no consensus on the content and goals of education”。says Mrs Schavan．The arguments extend from primary schools to universities and are as much about tradition and status as about learning．Many Germans are to scrap a system so closely identified with the country’s economic and cultural success． [I]A controversy now raging m Hamburg，a port city and one of Germany’s smallest states，illustrates the strife．In 2008 the Christian Democrats，normally champions of the three tier high school system，formed their first state level coalition with the left leaning Green Party．The Greens won agreement for a radical school reform，mainly by extending primary schooling(and thus shortening secondary schooling)by two years．The idea was that if streaming children by ability：is done later，the slower ones will have a better chance of doing well and the brighter ones will at least fare no worse． [J]Middle．class parents of Gymnasium bound children rebelled．The“Gucci protesters”collected more than enough signatures to get the reform put to a referendum．The．parents fear that their children will be dragged down by academic laggards in the name of social justice，although such evidence as is available points in the opposite direction． [K]Almost any education reform offends somebody．In a move to strengthen federalism in 2006，the federal government was banned from investing ill areas reserved for the l6 states(including education)，which makes serious reform even harder．Progress is halting but the direction is clear：the system is being streamlined，schools are being made more accountable and the hierarchy is becoming less rigid． [L] The 2001 PISA results，which not only compared Germany with other countries but individual German states with each other。put state education ministers under pressure．Both states and the federal government are sharpening their instruments for measuring schoois’performance．Starting in 2005． the states for the first time submitted to binding quality standards for secondary schools． [M]’the universities are embroiled in a row of their own．They have given up the revered Diplom to comply with Europe’s Bologna process，which mandates(mostly shorter)bachelor's and master’s degrees．This is meant to make German system compatible with others in Europe(and encourage students to move arounD．，and to award more useful degrees．Hard core traditionalists oppose the reform in principle，but the main objections are its sometimes sloppy implementation and the scant resources available to universities in general． The direct benefit for German from也e“dual system”is that all products are of good quaiity．
48、Meisterbrief acknowledged by the state bureauracy is a highest certification and a sign of status．
49、The controversial dual system has a privilege of controlling the access of 350 defined trades．
50、According to Heike Solga，the dual system lacks flexibility and shows prejudice．
51、Education reforms should be promoted by skills of hand．
52、In Germany．children attending Gymnasien can be classified for a promising life．
53、The comparisons of PISA results between countries and states result in binding quality standards for secondary schools．
54、The rigid class social system produced commonplace talents．
55、The aim of the universities reform in Germany is not only to award useful degrees．but make German system compatible with European ones．
56、The controversy raging in Hamburg focuses on extending primary schooling． Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D ). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
57、根據(jù)下面材料，回答57-66題。 University of York biologist Peter Mayhew recently found that global warming might actually increase the number of species on the planet，contrary to a previous report that higher temperatures meant fewer life forms—a report mat was his own． In Mayhew’s initial 2008 study，low biodiversity among marine invertebrates(無脊椎動物)appeared to coincide with warmer temperatures on Earth over the last 520 million years． But Mayhew and his colleagues decided to reexamine their hypothesis，this time using data that were“a fairer sample of the history of life．”砌this new collection of material．they found a complete reversal of the relationship between species richness and temperature from what their previous paper argued：the number of different groups present in the fossil record was higher，rather than lower，durin9“greenhouse phases．” Their previous findings rested on an assumption that fossil records can be taken to represent biodiversity changes throughout history．Thisn’t necessarily the case．because there are certain periods with higher．quality fossil samples．a(chǎn)nd some that are much more difficult to sample well．Aware of this bias．Mayhew’s team used data that standardized the number of fossils examined throughout history and accounted for other variables like sea level changes that might influence biodiversity in their new study to see if their old results would hold up． Two years later，the results did not．But then why doesn't life increasingly emerge on Earth as our temperatures get warmer?While the switch may prompt some to assert that climate change is not hazardous to living creatures，Mayhew explained that the timescales in his team’s study are huge--over 500million years--and therefore inappropriate for the shorter periods that we might look at as humans concerned about global wanning．Many global warming concerns are focused on the next century．He said——and the lifetime of a species is typically one to 10 million years． “I do worry that these findings vill be used by the climate skeptic community to say‘look．Climate warming is fine。he said．Not to mention the numerous other things we seem to do to create a storm of threats to biodiversity—think of what habitat(棲息地)destruction，overfishing，and pollution can do for a species’viability(生存力)．Those things，Mayhew explained，give the organisms a far greater challenge in coping with climate change than they would have had in the absence of humans． “If we were to relax all these pressures on biodiversity and allow the world to recover over millions of years in a warmer climate．then my prediction is it would be an improvement in biodiversity，”he said．So it looks like we need to curb our reckless treatment of the planet first，if we want to eventually see a surge in the number of species on the planet as temperatures get warmer．We don't have 500 million years to wait． What is the finding of Peter Mayhew’s recent study? A．Higher temperature causes the low biodiversity of marine invertebrates． B．Fossil record can represent a relatively believable history of life． C．The number of fossils was higher during greenhouse phases． D．Global warming might promote the richness of species on Earth．
58、What do we learn about Mayhew’s previous report? A．It was based on his colleagues’hypothesis about global warmin9． B．It was contrary to what his team found in the recent study． C．It was a complete reversal from his 2008 study about marine invertebrates． D．It found evidence for the connections between biodiversity and temperature．
59、Why does Mayhew’s team use data that standardized the number of fossils? A．They realize not all fossils can sample well to represent biodiversity changes． B．They start to consider the variables that might influence biodiversity． C．They want to check the previous findings with different research methods． D．They believe sea level changes can lead to inaccurate fossil records．
60、Because of the huge timescales in his study，Mayhew believed ． A．global warming is not hazardous t0 1iving creatures in a short time B．his study is not suitable to support short-term global warming C．global warming concerns should be focused on in the next century D．the lifetime of a species can be extended t0 10 million years
61、By“we don’t have 500 million years to wait”(Line 4，Para．6)，the author suggests that_____. A．we have no enough time to allow the earth to recover from damages B．we have no enough time to witness the evolution of a species C．it’s urgent for humans to take steps to prevent global warming D．it's necessary for humans to stop maltreatment of the planet
62、根據(jù)下面材料，回答62-71題。 Uke a tired marriage．the relationship between libraries and publishers has long been reassuringly dull．E—books，however，are causing heartache． Libraries know they need digital wares if they are to remain relevant，but many publishers are too careful about piracy and lost sales to c0．operate．Among the big six．only Random House and HarperCollins license e-books with most libraries．The others have either denied requests or are reluctantly experimenting． Publishers are wise to be nervous．Owners of e．readers are exactly the customers they need：book—lovers with money-neither the devices nor broadband connections come cheap．If these wonderful people switch to borrowing e-books instead of buying them，what then? Electronic borrowing is awfully convenient．Unlike printed books．which must be checked out and returned to a physical library miles from where you live，book files can be downloaded at home．Digital library catalogues are often browsed at night．from a comfortable sofa．The files disappear from the device when they are due． Awkwardly for publishers，buying an e—book costs more than renting one but offers little extra value． You cannot resell it。lend it to a friend or burn it to stay warm．Owning a book is useful if you want to savour(品嘗)it repeatedly，but who reads“Fifty Shades of Grey”twice? E-1ending is not simple．however．There are lots of different and often incompatible e-book formats，devices and licences．Most libraries use a company called OverDrive，a global distributor that secures rights from publishers and provides e-books and audio files in every format．Yet publishers and libraries are worried by OverDrive’s market dominance，as the company can increasingly dictate fees and conditions． Library boosters argue that book borrowers are also book buyers，and that libraries are vital spaces for readers to discover new work．Many were．cheered by a recent Pew survey，which found that more than half of Americans with Hbrary cards say they prefer to buy their e-books．But the report also noted that few people know that e-books are available at most libraries，and that popular titles often involve long waiting lists，which may be what inspires people to buy． So publishers keep adjusting their lending arrangements in：search of the right balance．Random House raised its licensing prices earlier this year，and Harper Collins limits libraries to lending its titles 26 times． Hachita is engaged in some secret experiments，and the others are watching with held breath．In Britain the government will soon announce a review of the matter．The story of the library e-book is a nail-biter． What can be inferred from the fast paragraph? A．Libraries are eager to keep relationship with publishers． B．Several publishers have sold e-books to most libraries． C．Libraries care too much about piracy and book sales． D．Most publishers hesitate to cooperate with libraries．
63、What does the author say about electronic borrowing? A．It call help save readers’expenses on devices and broadband connections． B．It needs checking out and returning to the library via the Intemet． C．It enables readers to resell the book files or lend them to friends． D．It has a time limit for the book files downloader on the device．
64、What do we learn about OverDrive? A．It has the privilege to offer readers various brands of e-readers． B．It distributes e-books and audio files to publishers． C．Its market dominance threatens publishers and libraries． D．It devotes itself to improving conditions of e．book market．
65、According to the recent Pew survey，_____. A．more than half of Americans choose e-books over physical copies B．people with library cards advocate borrowing rather than buying books C．people with library cards have to wait to borrow popular e-books D．the desire to collect a popular book inspires people to buy it
66、By“a nail-biter”(Line 4，Para．7)，the author suggests that_____. A．it’s urgent for Librairies to cooperate with publishers B．publishers have many secret experiments to conduct C．it’s impossible for publishers to distribute e-books to libraries D．many problems about e-book lending need to be solved Part II Reading Comprehension Part VI Translation （30 minutes） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
67、中國是世界上最早開發(fā)利用礦產(chǎn)資源的國家之一。過去50年，中國在礦產(chǎn)資源勘探開發(fā)(the survey and development)方面取得了巨大成就，這為中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)、快速、健康發(fā)展提供了重要保障。中國是一個人口眾多、資源相對不足的發(fā)展中國家，主要依靠本國的礦產(chǎn)資源來保障現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)(modernization program)}的需要。同時中國還積極引進(jìn)國外資本和技術(shù)開發(fā)中國礦產(chǎn)資源。中國政府高度重視可持續(xù)發(fā)展和礦產(chǎn)資源的合理利用，把可持續(xù)發(fā)展(sustainable development)確定為國家戰(zhàn)略，把保護(hù)資源作為可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的重要內(nèi)容。
Section A
2、 根據(jù)下面材料，回答2-11題。 The Guard Jan Greece，economically，is in the black．With very little to export other than such farm products as tobacco，cotton and fruit，the country earns enough from“invisible earnings”to pay for its needed，growing imports．From the sending out of things the Greeks，earn only$285 million；from tourism，shipping and the remittances of Greeks abroad．the country takes in an 36 $375 million and this washes out the almost$400 million by which imports exceed exports． It has a balanced budget．Although more than one drachma(希臘貨幣)out of four goes for defense，the government ended a recent year with a slight surplus一$66 million．Greece has a decent 37 of almost a third of a billion do Hars in gold and foreign exchange．It has a government not dependent on coalescing 38 parties to obtain parliamentary majorities． In thus summarizing a few happy highlights，I don't mean to 39 the vast extent of Greece’s problems．It is the poorest country by a wide margin in Free Europe，and poverty is widespread．At best an annual income of$60 to$70 is the lot of many a peasant．a(chǎn)nd substantial unemployment 40 the countatside，cities， and towns of Greece． There are few natural resources on which to build any substantial industrial base．Some years ago I wrote here: “Greek statesmanship will have to create an atmosphere in which home and foreign saves will willingly seek investment opportunities in the back ward economy of Greece．So far，most American and other foreign attempt have 41 down in the Greek government's red tape and shrewdness about small points．” Great 42 have been made．As far back as 1956，expanding tourism seemed a logical way to bring needed foreign currencies and additional jobs to Greece．At that time I talked with the Hilton Hotel people，who had been examining hotel possibilities，and to the Greek government division responsible for this area of the economy．They were hopelessly 43 in almost total differences of opinion and outlook． Today most of the incredibly varied，beautiful，historical sights of Greece have new，if in many cases modest．tourist facilities．Tourism itself has jumped from 44 $31 million to over$90 million．There is both a magnificent new Hilton Hotel in Athens and a completely modernized，greatly expanded Grande Bretagne，as well as other first rate new hotels．And the advent of jets has made Athens as 45 as Paris or Rome-without the sky high prices of traffic choked streets of either． A．a(chǎn)ccessible B．a(chǎn)dditional C．a(chǎn)pproximately D．bogged E．contend F．deadlocked G．deflect H．deliberately I．execution J．incompatible K．Incomparable L．mininlize M．plagues N．resever O．strides 第36題答案為__________
3、第37題答案為__________
4、第38題答案為__________
5、第39題答案為__________
6、第40題答案為__________
7、第41題答案為__________
8、第42題答案為__________
9、第43題答案為__________
10、第44題答案為__________
11、第45題答案為__________
聽力略
根據(jù)下面材料，回答47-56題。 German’s Education System [A]Germany invented the modern university but long ago lost its leading position to other countries，especially America．These days the land of poets and thinkers is prouder of its“dual system”for training skilled workers such as bakers and electricians．Teenagers not bound for university apply for places in three—year programmes combining classroom learning with practical experience within companies．The direct benefit is superior German quality in haircuts as well as cars．Dual training"is the reason we’re the world export champion”，says Mrs Schavan，the education minister．Azubis(trainees)acquire not just a professional qualification but an identity． [B]But the dual system is under pressure．The number of places offered by companies has long been falling short of the number of applicants． Almost as many youngsters move into a“transitional system”，a grab-bag of remedial education programs designed to prepare them for the dual system or another qualification．Often it turns out to be a dead end，especially for male immigrants．And given that Germany produces far fewer university graduates than many comparable countries．some wonder whether the dual system is producing the right qualifications for the knowledge—based professions of the future． [C]The system is governed by a consortium(協(xié)會)representing almost everyone who counts：the federal and state governments．the chambers of conunerce and the unions．It regulates access t0 350 narrowly defined trades．You can train to become a goldsmith，or if you want to manage a McDonald’s you learn Systemgastronomie． Baking bread and pastries(糕點(diǎn))are separate disciplines．Schools outside the system may not train Azubis for a reserved trade． [D]It makes sense to combine theory and practice，says Here Solga of the Social Science Research Centre in Berlin。but the dual system is rigid and discriminatory．And because the trades ale so specialized．getting a job at the end can be hard．In 2005 more than a third of graduates were unemployed a year after completing their course． Once a scholar,always a scholar [E]The type of secondary school a German attends，the degree he obtains and the exams he passes classify him for life．The differentiations are made earlier and more rigidly than in other countries． Many children are typecast(定型)at age ten，which is when most German states decide which of three kinds of secondary school he or she will attend．Traditionally the Hauptschulen。the lowest tier，were the main suppliers of recruits to the dual training system，but they gradually became dumping grounds for children who could not keep up．Upon leaving(sometimes without passing the final exanl)．nearly 40％ of these students find themselves in the precarious transitional system．The dual system now draws its intake mainly from the middle—grade Realschulen，the traditional training ground for white—collar workers，and even Gymnasien(grammar schools)，the main route to university． [F]The state bureaucracy acknowledges four career paths：the simple，middle，elevated and higher services．Bureaucrats in one category can rarely be ambitions to careers．Teachers in Gynumsien eajoy a higher status than those at other schools，and have their own trade union，the grandly named Philologenverband．A Meisterbrief，the highest vocational credent／a／(證書)，is not just a badge of competence but in some trades a keep-off sign to competitors． [G]Germans are now asking themselves whether this way of doing things is fair，and whether it is working．Although income is distributed relatively equally，opportunity is not．“Germany is one of the most rigid among the relatively advanced societies，”says Karl Ulrich Mayer，a sociologist at Yale University．But social exclusiveness has not produced excellence．The 2001“PISA shock”一a set of OECD figures which．revealed that German 15一year-olds scored in the bottom third among schoolchildren from 32 countries in tests of reading and maths has not worn off．Overall．Genuany’s performance remains mediocre。 More than a fifth of 15-year-olds cannot read．or calculate properly；8％of teenagers drop out of school． A war of ideoiogies [H] There is“no consensus on the content and goals of education”。says Mrs Schavan．The arguments extend from primary schools to universities and are as much about tradition and status as about learning．Many Germans are to scrap a system so closely identified with the country’s economic and cultural success． [I]A controversy now raging m Hamburg，a port city and one of Germany’s smallest states，illustrates the strife．In 2008 the Christian Democrats，normally champions of the three tier high school system，formed their first state level coalition with the left leaning Green Party．The Greens won agreement for a radical school reform，mainly by extending primary schooling(and thus shortening secondary schooling)by two years．The idea was that if streaming children by ability：is done later，the slower ones will have a better chance of doing well and the brighter ones will at least fare no worse． [J]Middle．class parents of Gymnasium bound children rebelled．The“Gucci protesters”collected more than enough signatures to get the reform put to a referendum．The．parents fear that their children will be dragged down by academic laggards in the name of social justice，although such evidence as is available points in the opposite direction． [K]Almost any education reform offends somebody．In a move to strengthen federalism in 2006，the federal government was banned from investing ill areas reserved for the l6 states(including education)，which makes serious reform even harder．Progress is halting but the direction is clear：the system is being streamlined，schools are being made more accountable and the hierarchy is becoming less rigid． [L] The 2001 PISA results，which not only compared Germany with other countries but individual German states with each other。put state education ministers under pressure．Both states and the federal government are sharpening their instruments for measuring schoois’performance．Starting in 2005． the states for the first time submitted to binding quality standards for secondary schools． [M]’the universities are embroiled in a row of their own．They have given up the revered Diplom to comply with Europe’s Bologna process，which mandates(mostly shorter)bachelor's and master’s degrees．This is meant to make German system compatible with others in Europe(and encourage students to move arounD．，and to award more useful degrees．Hard core traditionalists oppose the reform in principle，but the main objections are its sometimes sloppy implementation and the scant resources available to universities in general． The direct benefit for German from也e“dual system”is that all products are of good quaiity．
48、Meisterbrief acknowledged by the state bureauracy is a highest certification and a sign of status．
49、The controversial dual system has a privilege of controlling the access of 350 defined trades．
50、According to Heike Solga，the dual system lacks flexibility and shows prejudice．
51、Education reforms should be promoted by skills of hand．
52、In Germany．children attending Gymnasien can be classified for a promising life．
53、The comparisons of PISA results between countries and states result in binding quality standards for secondary schools．
54、The rigid class social system produced commonplace talents．
55、The aim of the universities reform in Germany is not only to award useful degrees．but make German system compatible with European ones．
56、The controversy raging in Hamburg focuses on extending primary schooling． Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D ). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
57、根據(jù)下面材料，回答57-66題。 University of York biologist Peter Mayhew recently found that global warming might actually increase the number of species on the planet，contrary to a previous report that higher temperatures meant fewer life forms—a report mat was his own． In Mayhew’s initial 2008 study，low biodiversity among marine invertebrates(無脊椎動物)appeared to coincide with warmer temperatures on Earth over the last 520 million years． But Mayhew and his colleagues decided to reexamine their hypothesis，this time using data that were“a fairer sample of the history of life．”砌this new collection of material．they found a complete reversal of the relationship between species richness and temperature from what their previous paper argued：the number of different groups present in the fossil record was higher，rather than lower，durin9“greenhouse phases．” Their previous findings rested on an assumption that fossil records can be taken to represent biodiversity changes throughout history．Thisn’t necessarily the case．because there are certain periods with higher．quality fossil samples．a(chǎn)nd some that are much more difficult to sample well．Aware of this bias．Mayhew’s team used data that standardized the number of fossils examined throughout history and accounted for other variables like sea level changes that might influence biodiversity in their new study to see if their old results would hold up． Two years later，the results did not．But then why doesn't life increasingly emerge on Earth as our temperatures get warmer?While the switch may prompt some to assert that climate change is not hazardous to living creatures，Mayhew explained that the timescales in his team’s study are huge--over 500million years--and therefore inappropriate for the shorter periods that we might look at as humans concerned about global wanning．Many global warming concerns are focused on the next century．He said——and the lifetime of a species is typically one to 10 million years． “I do worry that these findings vill be used by the climate skeptic community to say‘look．Climate warming is fine。he said．Not to mention the numerous other things we seem to do to create a storm of threats to biodiversity—think of what habitat(棲息地)destruction，overfishing，and pollution can do for a species’viability(生存力)．Those things，Mayhew explained，give the organisms a far greater challenge in coping with climate change than they would have had in the absence of humans． “If we were to relax all these pressures on biodiversity and allow the world to recover over millions of years in a warmer climate．then my prediction is it would be an improvement in biodiversity，”he said．So it looks like we need to curb our reckless treatment of the planet first，if we want to eventually see a surge in the number of species on the planet as temperatures get warmer．We don't have 500 million years to wait． What is the finding of Peter Mayhew’s recent study? A．Higher temperature causes the low biodiversity of marine invertebrates． B．Fossil record can represent a relatively believable history of life． C．The number of fossils was higher during greenhouse phases． D．Global warming might promote the richness of species on Earth．
58、What do we learn about Mayhew’s previous report? A．It was based on his colleagues’hypothesis about global warmin9． B．It was contrary to what his team found in the recent study． C．It was a complete reversal from his 2008 study about marine invertebrates． D．It found evidence for the connections between biodiversity and temperature．
59、Why does Mayhew’s team use data that standardized the number of fossils? A．They realize not all fossils can sample well to represent biodiversity changes． B．They start to consider the variables that might influence biodiversity． C．They want to check the previous findings with different research methods． D．They believe sea level changes can lead to inaccurate fossil records．
60、Because of the huge timescales in his study，Mayhew believed ． A．global warming is not hazardous t0 1iving creatures in a short time B．his study is not suitable to support short-term global warming C．global warming concerns should be focused on in the next century D．the lifetime of a species can be extended t0 10 million years
61、By“we don’t have 500 million years to wait”(Line 4，Para．6)，the author suggests that_____. A．we have no enough time to allow the earth to recover from damages B．we have no enough time to witness the evolution of a species C．it’s urgent for humans to take steps to prevent global warming D．it's necessary for humans to stop maltreatment of the planet
62、根據(jù)下面材料，回答62-71題。 Uke a tired marriage．the relationship between libraries and publishers has long been reassuringly dull．E—books，however，are causing heartache． Libraries know they need digital wares if they are to remain relevant，but many publishers are too careful about piracy and lost sales to c0．operate．Among the big six．only Random House and HarperCollins license e-books with most libraries．The others have either denied requests or are reluctantly experimenting． Publishers are wise to be nervous．Owners of e．readers are exactly the customers they need：book—lovers with money-neither the devices nor broadband connections come cheap．If these wonderful people switch to borrowing e-books instead of buying them，what then? Electronic borrowing is awfully convenient．Unlike printed books．which must be checked out and returned to a physical library miles from where you live，book files can be downloaded at home．Digital library catalogues are often browsed at night．from a comfortable sofa．The files disappear from the device when they are due． Awkwardly for publishers，buying an e—book costs more than renting one but offers little extra value． You cannot resell it。lend it to a friend or burn it to stay warm．Owning a book is useful if you want to savour(品嘗)it repeatedly，but who reads“Fifty Shades of Grey”twice? E-1ending is not simple．however．There are lots of different and often incompatible e-book formats，devices and licences．Most libraries use a company called OverDrive，a global distributor that secures rights from publishers and provides e-books and audio files in every format．Yet publishers and libraries are worried by OverDrive’s market dominance，as the company can increasingly dictate fees and conditions． Library boosters argue that book borrowers are also book buyers，and that libraries are vital spaces for readers to discover new work．Many were．cheered by a recent Pew survey，which found that more than half of Americans with Hbrary cards say they prefer to buy their e-books．But the report also noted that few people know that e-books are available at most libraries，and that popular titles often involve long waiting lists，which may be what inspires people to buy． So publishers keep adjusting their lending arrangements in：search of the right balance．Random House raised its licensing prices earlier this year，and Harper Collins limits libraries to lending its titles 26 times． Hachita is engaged in some secret experiments，and the others are watching with held breath．In Britain the government will soon announce a review of the matter．The story of the library e-book is a nail-biter． What can be inferred from the fast paragraph? A．Libraries are eager to keep relationship with publishers． B．Several publishers have sold e-books to most libraries． C．Libraries care too much about piracy and book sales． D．Most publishers hesitate to cooperate with libraries．
63、What does the author say about electronic borrowing? A．It call help save readers’expenses on devices and broadband connections． B．It needs checking out and returning to the library via the Intemet． C．It enables readers to resell the book files or lend them to friends． D．It has a time limit for the book files downloader on the device．
64、What do we learn about OverDrive? A．It has the privilege to offer readers various brands of e-readers． B．It distributes e-books and audio files to publishers． C．Its market dominance threatens publishers and libraries． D．It devotes itself to improving conditions of e．book market．
65、According to the recent Pew survey，_____. A．more than half of Americans choose e-books over physical copies B．people with library cards advocate borrowing rather than buying books C．people with library cards have to wait to borrow popular e-books D．the desire to collect a popular book inspires people to buy it
66、By“a nail-biter”(Line 4，Para．7)，the author suggests that_____. A．it’s urgent for Librairies to cooperate with publishers B．publishers have many secret experiments to conduct C．it’s impossible for publishers to distribute e-books to libraries D．many problems about e-book lending need to be solved Part II Reading Comprehension Part VI Translation （30 minutes） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
67、中國是世界上最早開發(fā)利用礦產(chǎn)資源的國家之一。過去50年，中國在礦產(chǎn)資源勘探開發(fā)(the survey and development)方面取得了巨大成就，這為中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)、快速、健康發(fā)展提供了重要保障。中國是一個人口眾多、資源相對不足的發(fā)展中國家，主要依靠本國的礦產(chǎn)資源來保障現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)(modernization program)}的需要。同時中國還積極引進(jìn)國外資本和技術(shù)開發(fā)中國礦產(chǎn)資源。中國政府高度重視可持續(xù)發(fā)展和礦產(chǎn)資源的合理利用，把可持續(xù)發(fā)展(sustainable development)確定為國家戰(zhàn)略，把保護(hù)資源作為可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的重要內(nèi)容。