Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A) , B) , C)and D) . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the .following passage.
A recent study discovered that after surviving a heart attack, women have a slightly higher risk than men of dying in the next 30 days. The finding, researchers say, likely reflects the differences in the type of heart failure women experience, as well as the severity of the condition. (When the severity of the heart attack was taken into consideration, the mortality rates were more comparable between men and women). The study examined medical records for more than 136,000 patients who had suffered from acute coronary syndromes (ACS急性冠狀動脈綜合癥) . They found that, in the month after first suffering ACS, the mortality rate among men was 5.3%, compared with 9.6% in women.
Under the umbrella term ACS there are multiple conditions--including heart attack caused by either completely or partially blocked blood supply, and what doctors refer to as "unstable angina (心絞痛) ," or when slowly decreasing blood and oxygen supply causes tightness in the chest, often a precursor (前兆) to the more severe types of heart attack. In this study, a heart attack caused by completely or nearly completely blocked blood supply was more likely to result in death after 30 days for women, compared with men. But for slightly less severe incidents, in which blood flow was partially or temporarily blocked, or in cases of unstable angina, women had lower mortality rates in the following 30 days than men did.
The differences, which incorporate both sex and type of ACS, suggest to researchers that physicians should take gender into consideration when assessing patients, and deciding on the best course of treatment or prevention. Women, who in the study tended to be older than men when they suffered heart attack, were also more likely to have concurrent complications (并發(fā)癥) such as diabetes (糖尿病) or hypertension (高血壓) . And whereas men were more likely to have narrowed coronary arteries (冠狀動脈), which was less frequently the case among women. After a more severe incident, the fact that women had a greater risk for death suggested to doctors that it might be due to the subsequent reduction in blood flow. On the other hand, that they got along better than men after the less severe forms of ACS--partial blockage or unstable angina--was likely a result of the generally less severe blockages seen in women, as compared to men.
Heart disease is the leading cause of death among both men and women, and though, overall women's health outcomes continue to be slightly worse than men's, they are improving. And, researchers hope, with more studies illuminating the way in which heart disease uniquely impacts women and men, new gender- specific treatment methods may be the way of the future.
56. What does the study indicate about acute coronary syndromes (ACS) ?
A. It can have different impact on women and men.
B. It can be regarded as the leading cause of death among these patients.
C. It can lead to more severe types of heart attack.
D. It can cause more deaths among men in the next 30 days.
57. According to the study, more women's deaths are likely to occur in a month when the heart attack is caused by
A. temporary blockage
B. tightness in the chest
C. unstable angina
D. complete blockage
58. Among these ACS patients, women were more likely to
A. have more severe forms of ACS
B. be younger than men
C. have other diseases
D. have narrowed coronary arteries
59. What is the possible reason for women's lower death risk in case of less severe ACS?
A. The blood supply decreased subsequently.
B. They usually had less severe blockages than men.
C. New treatment methods were adopted.
D. They are less likely to have diabetes or hypertension.
60. What is the main purpose of the study?
A. To improve overall women's health outcomes.
B. To call for ACS solutions based on gender differences.
C. To find the best course of treatment or prevention of ACS.
D. To decrease the mortality rate in 30 days after the heart attack. 最近的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。在心臟病發(fā)作后的30天.女性的死亡風險要略微高于男性。研究者們認為這個發(fā)現(xiàn)可能反映出女性經(jīng)歷的心臟衰竭類型上的差別，以及狀況的嚴重程度。 (當把心臟病發(fā)作的嚴重程度考慮在內(nèi)時，男性和女性的死亡率更具可比性。) 這項研究檢查了13600余名急性冠狀動脈綜合癥患者的病歷。他們發(fā)現(xiàn).在急性冠狀動脈綜合癥首次發(fā)作后的一個月內(nèi).男性的死亡率為5.3%.而女性為9.6%。
在急性冠狀動脈綜合癥這個涵蓋性術(shù)語下有很多不同的狀況，包括完全或部分血液供應(yīng)受阻引發(fā)的心臟病，和醫(yī)生稱為“不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛”、或者逐漸減少的血液和氧氣供應(yīng)造成的胸悶，這經(jīng)常是更為嚴重的心臟病發(fā)作的前兆。在這項研究中，與男性相比，由完全或幾乎完全血液供應(yīng)受阻引發(fā)的心臟病更可能導(dǎo)致女性在30天后死亡，但是在略微不嚴重的情況下，例如血流被部分或者暫時堵塞、或者是不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛，女性在接下來的30天內(nèi)的死亡率要低于男性。
這些在性別和急性冠狀動脈綜合癥類型上的差別，向研究者們表明醫(yī)生在評估患者病情，決定治療或預(yù)防方案時應(yīng)該把性別考慮在內(nèi)。這項研究中的女性在心臟病發(fā)作時一般比男性年紀大.也更可能會伴隨有諸如糖尿病或者高血壓等并發(fā)癥。然而男性更可能會冠狀動脈變窄，這在女性中不太普遍。在較嚴重的狀況后，女性死亡風險更高向醫(yī)生們表明這可能是由于后繼的血流減少造成的。
而另一方面.在不太嚴重的急性冠狀動脈綜合癥(部分阻塞或者不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛. 之后女性的進展比男件更好。很可能是因為女性的血流阻塞一般沒有男性嚴重.
心臟病是男性和女性的主要死因。盡管女性總體健康結(jié)果依然略差于男性，但正在改善。并且.研究者們希望。隨著有越來越多的研究闡釋心臟病對勇性和女性的不同影響.新的針對不同性別的治療辦法會成為未來之路.
56.What does the study indicate about acute coronary syndromes(ACS) ?關(guān)于急性冠狀動脈綜合癥這項研究表明了什么?
A. It call have different impact on women and men.它能對男性和女性產(chǎn)生不同的影響。
B. It Can be regarded as the leading cause of death among these patients.可以被看作是這些病人的主要死因。
C. It can lead to more severe types of heart attack.它能導(dǎo)致更嚴重的心臟病發(fā)作。
D. It Call cause more deaths among men in the next 30 days.它能在接下來的30天造成更多男性的死亡。
57.According to the study, more women’s deaths are likely to occur in a month when the heart attack is caused by .根據(jù)這項研究，當心臟病是由 引發(fā)時，更多女性可能會在一個月內(nèi)死亡。
A. temporary blockage暫時性堵塞
B. tightness in the chest胸悶
C. unstable angina不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛
D. complete blockage完全堵塞
58.Among these ACS patients，women were more likely to .在這些急性冠狀動脈綜合癥患者中，女性更有可能 。
A. have more severe forms of ACS有更嚴重的急性冠狀動脈綜合癥
B. be younger than men比男性年輕
C. have other diseases有其他疾病
D. have narrowed coronary arteries有冠狀動脈變窄
59.What is the possible reason for women’s lower death risk in case of less severe ACS?對于不太嚴重的急性冠狀動脈綜合癥，女性死亡風險低的原因可能是什么?
A. The blood supply decreased subsequently.此后的供血減少。
B. They usually had less severe blockages than men.她們的血流阻塞一般沒有男性嚴重。
C. New treatment methods were adopted.采用了新的治療方法。
D. They are less likely to have diabetes or hypertension.她們不太可能會有糖尿病和高血壓。
60.What is the main purpose of the study?這項研究的主要目的是什么?
A. To improve overall women’s health outcomes.提高女性總體健康結(jié)果。
B. To call for ACS solutions based on gender differences.呼吁基于性別差異的急性冠狀動脈綜合癥解決辦法。
C. To find the best course of treatment or prevention of ACS.找到治療或預(yù)防急性冠狀動脈綜合癥的途徑。
D. To decrease the mortality rate in 30 days after the heart attack.減少心臟病發(fā)作后30天內(nèi)的死亡率。
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the .following passage.
A recent study discovered that after surviving a heart attack, women have a slightly higher risk than men of dying in the next 30 days. The finding, researchers say, likely reflects the differences in the type of heart failure women experience, as well as the severity of the condition. (When the severity of the heart attack was taken into consideration, the mortality rates were more comparable between men and women). The study examined medical records for more than 136,000 patients who had suffered from acute coronary syndromes (ACS急性冠狀動脈綜合癥) . They found that, in the month after first suffering ACS, the mortality rate among men was 5.3%, compared with 9.6% in women.
Under the umbrella term ACS there are multiple conditions--including heart attack caused by either completely or partially blocked blood supply, and what doctors refer to as "unstable angina (心絞痛) ," or when slowly decreasing blood and oxygen supply causes tightness in the chest, often a precursor (前兆) to the more severe types of heart attack. In this study, a heart attack caused by completely or nearly completely blocked blood supply was more likely to result in death after 30 days for women, compared with men. But for slightly less severe incidents, in which blood flow was partially or temporarily blocked, or in cases of unstable angina, women had lower mortality rates in the following 30 days than men did.
The differences, which incorporate both sex and type of ACS, suggest to researchers that physicians should take gender into consideration when assessing patients, and deciding on the best course of treatment or prevention. Women, who in the study tended to be older than men when they suffered heart attack, were also more likely to have concurrent complications (并發(fā)癥) such as diabetes (糖尿病) or hypertension (高血壓) . And whereas men were more likely to have narrowed coronary arteries (冠狀動脈), which was less frequently the case among women. After a more severe incident, the fact that women had a greater risk for death suggested to doctors that it might be due to the subsequent reduction in blood flow. On the other hand, that they got along better than men after the less severe forms of ACS--partial blockage or unstable angina--was likely a result of the generally less severe blockages seen in women, as compared to men.
Heart disease is the leading cause of death among both men and women, and though, overall women's health outcomes continue to be slightly worse than men's, they are improving. And, researchers hope, with more studies illuminating the way in which heart disease uniquely impacts women and men, new gender- specific treatment methods may be the way of the future.
56. What does the study indicate about acute coronary syndromes (ACS) ?
A. It can have different impact on women and men.
B. It can be regarded as the leading cause of death among these patients.
C. It can lead to more severe types of heart attack.
D. It can cause more deaths among men in the next 30 days.
57. According to the study, more women's deaths are likely to occur in a month when the heart attack is caused by
A. temporary blockage
B. tightness in the chest
C. unstable angina
D. complete blockage
58. Among these ACS patients, women were more likely to
A. have more severe forms of ACS
B. be younger than men
C. have other diseases
D. have narrowed coronary arteries
59. What is the possible reason for women's lower death risk in case of less severe ACS?
A. The blood supply decreased subsequently.
B. They usually had less severe blockages than men.
C. New treatment methods were adopted.
D. They are less likely to have diabetes or hypertension.
60. What is the main purpose of the study?
A. To improve overall women's health outcomes.
B. To call for ACS solutions based on gender differences.
C. To find the best course of treatment or prevention of ACS.
D. To decrease the mortality rate in 30 days after the heart attack. 最近的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。在心臟病發(fā)作后的30天.女性的死亡風險要略微高于男性。研究者們認為這個發(fā)現(xiàn)可能反映出女性經(jīng)歷的心臟衰竭類型上的差別，以及狀況的嚴重程度。 (當把心臟病發(fā)作的嚴重程度考慮在內(nèi)時，男性和女性的死亡率更具可比性。) 這項研究檢查了13600余名急性冠狀動脈綜合癥患者的病歷。他們發(fā)現(xiàn).在急性冠狀動脈綜合癥首次發(fā)作后的一個月內(nèi).男性的死亡率為5.3%.而女性為9.6%。
在急性冠狀動脈綜合癥這個涵蓋性術(shù)語下有很多不同的狀況，包括完全或部分血液供應(yīng)受阻引發(fā)的心臟病，和醫(yī)生稱為“不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛”、或者逐漸減少的血液和氧氣供應(yīng)造成的胸悶，這經(jīng)常是更為嚴重的心臟病發(fā)作的前兆。在這項研究中，與男性相比，由完全或幾乎完全血液供應(yīng)受阻引發(fā)的心臟病更可能導(dǎo)致女性在30天后死亡，但是在略微不嚴重的情況下，例如血流被部分或者暫時堵塞、或者是不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛，女性在接下來的30天內(nèi)的死亡率要低于男性。
這些在性別和急性冠狀動脈綜合癥類型上的差別，向研究者們表明醫(yī)生在評估患者病情，決定治療或預(yù)防方案時應(yīng)該把性別考慮在內(nèi)。這項研究中的女性在心臟病發(fā)作時一般比男性年紀大.也更可能會伴隨有諸如糖尿病或者高血壓等并發(fā)癥。然而男性更可能會冠狀動脈變窄，這在女性中不太普遍。在較嚴重的狀況后，女性死亡風險更高向醫(yī)生們表明這可能是由于后繼的血流減少造成的。
而另一方面.在不太嚴重的急性冠狀動脈綜合癥(部分阻塞或者不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛. 之后女性的進展比男件更好。很可能是因為女性的血流阻塞一般沒有男性嚴重.
心臟病是男性和女性的主要死因。盡管女性總體健康結(jié)果依然略差于男性，但正在改善。并且.研究者們希望。隨著有越來越多的研究闡釋心臟病對勇性和女性的不同影響.新的針對不同性別的治療辦法會成為未來之路.
56.What does the study indicate about acute coronary syndromes(ACS) ?關(guān)于急性冠狀動脈綜合癥這項研究表明了什么?
A. It call have different impact on women and men.它能對男性和女性產(chǎn)生不同的影響。
B. It Can be regarded as the leading cause of death among these patients.可以被看作是這些病人的主要死因。
C. It can lead to more severe types of heart attack.它能導(dǎo)致更嚴重的心臟病發(fā)作。
D. It Call cause more deaths among men in the next 30 days.它能在接下來的30天造成更多男性的死亡。
57.According to the study, more women’s deaths are likely to occur in a month when the heart attack is caused by .根據(jù)這項研究，當心臟病是由 引發(fā)時，更多女性可能會在一個月內(nèi)死亡。
A. temporary blockage暫時性堵塞
B. tightness in the chest胸悶
C. unstable angina不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛
D. complete blockage完全堵塞
58.Among these ACS patients，women were more likely to .在這些急性冠狀動脈綜合癥患者中，女性更有可能 。
A. have more severe forms of ACS有更嚴重的急性冠狀動脈綜合癥
B. be younger than men比男性年輕
C. have other diseases有其他疾病
D. have narrowed coronary arteries有冠狀動脈變窄
59.What is the possible reason for women’s lower death risk in case of less severe ACS?對于不太嚴重的急性冠狀動脈綜合癥，女性死亡風險低的原因可能是什么?
A. The blood supply decreased subsequently.此后的供血減少。
B. They usually had less severe blockages than men.她們的血流阻塞一般沒有男性嚴重。
C. New treatment methods were adopted.采用了新的治療方法。
D. They are less likely to have diabetes or hypertension.她們不太可能會有糖尿病和高血壓。
60.What is the main purpose of the study?這項研究的主要目的是什么?
A. To improve overall women’s health outcomes.提高女性總體健康結(jié)果。
B. To call for ACS solutions based on gender differences.呼吁基于性別差異的急性冠狀動脈綜合癥解決辦法。
C. To find the best course of treatment or prevention of ACS.找到治療或預(yù)防急性冠狀動脈綜合癥的途徑。
D. To decrease the mortality rate in 30 days after the heart attack.減少心臟病發(fā)作后30天內(nèi)的死亡率。