2015年考研英語沖刺復(fù)習(xí):三類代詞解析

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提到“代詞”很多學(xué)生第一反應(yīng)肯定是“人稱代詞”,其實在英語中,除了有人稱代詞之外,還包括指示代詞、反身代詞等。下面就給大家詳細解析一下人稱代詞、指示代詞和反身代詞的基本用法,希望通過此篇文章能讓各大考生對代詞這一基礎(chǔ)知識點有一個更深入的把握,詳情如下:
    一、人稱代詞
    1. 一般規(guī)則
    1)人稱代詞的使用順序為第二人稱、第三人稱、第一人稱。
    如:You, she and I are sincere friends.
    2)人稱代詞與表人的名詞并列時,順序為“名詞+人稱代詞”,但you常位于名詞前。
    如:You, Marry and I must be in a common effort.
    3)與其他代詞排列時,人稱代詞在前。
    如:She, I and some others like pageant(露天表演)。
    2. 當(dāng)由every或each修飾并由and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞做主語時,后面的代詞要用單數(shù);若這兩個名詞一個是陽性,一個是陰性??捎胔e/his/himself來代替。
    如:Every mother and daughter in town has been invited to the dancing party she is longing for.
    Every man and woman has his right to vote.
    3. 當(dāng)由or或nor連接的兩個名詞或代詞時,代詞要與or 或nor后面的名詞或代詞在性和數(shù)上保持一致。
    如:Either Marry and or her classmates study harder than they did before.
    4. 人稱代詞在比較分句中做主語用主格,做賓語用賓格。
    如:I trust you as much as her. 但在非正式語體中人稱代詞在比較分句中做主語,也可以用賓格,特別是這類代詞帶有all, both做同位語,通常都用賓格。
    二、指示代詞
    1. all, both 與of 連用時,如果of后是名詞,則可省去of,但of后如果是代詞,of則不可省。
    如:All the old men are hale and heavy.
    Both of them are idle fellows.
    All和whole 在修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時,意思往往是一樣的,然而次序不同,all用于冠詞或其他限定詞之前,而whole前必須有冠詞或其他限定詞。
    如:All the city is burning.
    The whole city is burning.
    2. no one = nobody ,僅用于人,不能與of 短語連用,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。None既能指人,又能指物,謂語動詞既可用單數(shù),也可用復(fù)試,也可與of連用。
    如:No one has read Paradise Lost up till now.
    None of us has seen an overpass.
    “none other than” 是個固定結(jié)構(gòu),意為“就是”,表示強調(diào)
    如:The new arrival was none other than the President.
    3. much 常用語下列用法中
    (be) much of a 很,更;了不起的,稱得上……的
    not so much … as 與其說……,不如說……
    (with) not /without so much as 甚至于不
    much more = still more (用于肯定句)更加
    much less= still (even) less(用于否定句)更不,更說不上
    so much so that 到如此程度,以致
    4. everyone, every one, anyone, any one
    everyone = everybody,只能指人,不能與of 連用,而every one 可指人,也可指物,可跟of 短語。
    anyone, any one 用法同上,可用于肯定句。
    5. 其他不定代詞構(gòu)成的短語
    anything of 一點兒,一點;……的味道 (用于否定句、疑問句或條件句)
    something of 在某種意義(程度)上 (用于肯定句)
    everything of 一切事物,重要的事物;完全
    nothing of 根本不,一點也不是
    anything but 除……之外的任何事物;根本不,絕不
    nothing but 僅僅
    三、反身代詞
    1. 反身代詞做介詞的補足成分。
    by oneself 單獨地,獨自地
    for oneself 親自地,為自己
    of oneself 自動地,自然而然地
    in oneself 自身,本質(zhì)上
    to oneself 供自己用,專用
    2. 反身代詞用于“動詞+反身代詞+副詞”的固定搭配中。
    如:He took himself away. 走開
    She often puts herself forward. 擺架子
    Carl played a joke on Bob and gave himself away by laughing. 露出馬腳
    3. 反身代詞用于“動詞+反身代詞+介詞”的固定搭配中。
    如:The work addict surrendered himself to despair. 陷入困境
    The Earl always prides himself on having a glorious past. 炫耀
    4. 在anyone, no one, nobody 等代詞+ but 后可用第一、第二人稱反身代詞做主語,但不能用第三人稱反身代詞。
    如:Anyone but yourself (myself) had been to the island girded by the sea.