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A very interesting read about the rapid expansion of refrigeration in China:
關(guān)于中國(guó)制冷業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，有一個(gè)有趣的事實(shí)：
It is not simply transforming how Chinese people grow, distribute and consume food. It also stands to become a formidable new factor in climate change; cooling is already responsible for 15 percent of all electricity consumption worldwide, and leaks of chemical refrigerants are a major source of greenhouse-gas pollution. Of all the shifts in lifestyle that threaten the planet right now, perhaps not one is as important as the changing way that Chinese people eat.
制冷業(yè)的發(fā)展不僅在改變中國(guó)人種植、分配、消費(fèi)糧食的方式，還成為影響氣候變化的一個(gè)不容忽視的新因素。制冷業(yè)消耗的電能站到了全球電能消耗總量的15%，化學(xué)制冷劑的泄露是造成溫室氣體污染的一個(gè)主要原因。人類(lèi)生活方式的諸多變化都會(huì)給地球帶來(lái)威脅，在這些變化中，最重要的就是中國(guó)人飲食方式的變化。
Take a look at the rapid growth of the cold chain in China, which its corporate and government promoters envision will reduce waste and improve food safety.
讓我們看看中國(guó)制冷產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的高速發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀吧。中國(guó)的企業(yè)和政府說(shuō)客們預(yù)言說(shuō)制冷產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的高速發(fā)展將減少能源浪費(fèi)，提高食品安全性。
Leading up to the 2008 Olympics, the Beijing municipal authorities embarked on an ambitious program of “supermarketization,” designed to get meat and vegetables out of the open-air “wet” markets — where food is cooled by standing fans and the occasional hose down from the cold tap — and safely behind sneeze-guards in modern, climate-controlled grocery stores. Mass refrigeration would provide an added value worth $160 billion per year by 2017.
2008 年北京奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)前期，北京市政府曾發(fā)起一場(chǎng)雄心勃勃的“食品進(jìn)超市”項(xiàng)目，旨在肉類(lèi)和蔬菜都從露天的、“潮濕”的菜市場(chǎng)搬出來(lái)——在菜市場(chǎng)里，人們通過(guò)立扇給食品降溫，或者通過(guò)時(shí)不時(shí)的用自來(lái)水管里的冷水沖淋食物來(lái)給它們降溫，把食物搬進(jìn)現(xiàn)代化的，溫控的雜貨店里的的東盆里去。到2017年，民用制冷業(yè)可以創(chuàng)造的產(chǎn)值高達(dá)平均每年1600億美元。
An artificial winter has begun to stretch across the country, through its fields and its ports, its logistics hubs and freeways. China had 250 million cubic feet of refrigerated storage capacity in 2007; by 2017, the country is on track to have 20 times that. At five billion cubic feet, China will surpass even the United States, which has led the world in cold storage ever since artificial refrigeration was invented. And even that translates to only 3.7 cubic feet of cold storage per capita, or roughly a third of what Americans currently have — meaning that the Chinese refrigeration boom is only just beginning.
一個(gè)人造的冬季正逐漸覆蓋整個(gè)中國(guó)大地，從田野到港口，從交通樞紐站到高速公路。在2007年，中國(guó)的冷凍貨物總量為2億5千萬(wàn)立方英尺;到2017年，中國(guó)的冷凍貨物總量將達(dá)到這一數(shù)字的20倍。屆時(shí)，中國(guó)將擁有 50億立方英尺的冷凍貨物，超過(guò)了美國(guó)的冷凍貨物總量，自從人工制冷業(yè)誕生以來(lái)，美國(guó)一直在冷凍存儲(chǔ)量上位居世界第一。不過(guò)這一總量也僅意味著中國(guó)的人均擁有冷凍存儲(chǔ)量為3.7立方英尺，僅為美國(guó)人均現(xiàn)有量的1/3——中國(guó)冷凍業(yè)的勃興才剛剛開(kāi)始。
Feels like anytime China's mentioned it's drama, but the article's a sharp reminder of the high costs of contemporary – corporate – food supply systems; there's simply no future, anywhere – in China, in Asia, in Africa, anywhere – in adopting variations of what dominates in the US or Europe... well, apart from future profits for the handful of dominant players who will quickly replace the hundreds of millions of street hawkers, fresh market vendors, small-scale processors and peasant farmers that much of the world's food supply rests on now.
似乎每次面對(duì)這種質(zhì)疑，中國(guó)都會(huì)覺(jué)得這是夸大其詞，不過(guò)，這篇文章旨在警示人們注意當(dāng)代企業(yè)化的食品供應(yīng)鏈所導(dǎo)致的高昂代價(jià)。無(wú)論是中國(guó)、亞洲、非洲或任何地方，想要把美國(guó)和歐洲現(xiàn)行的食品供應(yīng)鏈化為己用都是毫無(wú)出路的，只有那少數(shù)幾家食品儲(chǔ)存壟斷企業(yè)可能感到前途光明，利潤(rùn)豐厚，他們很快就會(huì)取代數(shù)以百萬(wàn)的街頭菜販、菜市場(chǎng)商販、小額食品供應(yīng)商和農(nóng)民，而全世界的食品供應(yīng)如今正是這些人的貢獻(xiàn)。