下面一起來做這篇仔細閱讀的模擬題：
It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you don't, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.
The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating (啟發(fā)) piece of news.It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment (啟蒙運動) to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering (迷惑) seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation (對抗) with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered.Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.
But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can't be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we can't think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.
1. It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century .
A) thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of science
B) were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific research
C) knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about nature
D) did more harm than good in promoting man's understanding of nature
2. According to the author, really good science_______ .
A) would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment
B) will produce results which cannot be foreseen
C) will help people to make the right choice in advance
D) will bring about disturbing results
3. Which of the following statements is NOT true of scientists in earlier times?
A) The invented false theories to explain things they didn't understand.
B) They falsely claimed to know all about nature.
C) They did not believe in results from scientific observation.
D) They paid little attention to the problems they didn't understand.
4. The author believes that ______ .
A) man can find solutions to whatever questions concerning nature he can think up
B) man can not solve all the problems he can think up because of the limits of human intellect
C) sooner or later man can think up all the questions concerning nature and answer them
D)questions concerning consciousness are outside the scope of scientific research
5. What is the author's attitude towards science?
A) He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientists.
B) He is doubtful because of the enormous difficulties confronting it.
C) He is confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties confronting it.
D) He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific findings.
答案解析：
1.A 推理題，答題依據(jù)在本文第2段前半部分。這一部分提到，我們對自然界所知甚少，作者認為這是過去一百年以來生物學的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)。從這一方面講，這是一個具有啟發(fā)意義的消息。如果18世紀最聰明的啟蒙運動者被告知我們現(xiàn)在是多么無知，多么對人類的未來感到茫然，他一定會驚訝不已。由此可以推斷，他們當時自認為所知很多，能夠解決大部分的科學問題。
2.B 推理題，答題依據(jù)在本文第1句：科學的前景如何?這個問題實難預測。如果是真正的科學，就不能進行預測。
3.C 設題區(qū)在第2段后半部分。A、B、D項在該部分都有涉及，只有C項沒有提到。
4.A 推理題，依據(jù)見末段第2句：只要是人們能想到的問題，遲早都會得到解答。B項的意思是，由于人的智力有限，他并非能解決他能夠想到的所有問題，這與原文意思不符。
5.C 作者對科學所持的態(tài)度可以從本文最后兩句看出來：雖然他意識到科學面臨著巨大的困難，但還是很有信心。
It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you don't, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.
The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating (啟發(fā)) piece of news.It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment (啟蒙運動) to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering (迷惑) seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation (對抗) with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered.Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.
But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can't be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we can't think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.
1. It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century .
A) thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of science
B) were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific research
C) knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about nature
D) did more harm than good in promoting man's understanding of nature
2. According to the author, really good science_______ .
A) would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment
B) will produce results which cannot be foreseen
C) will help people to make the right choice in advance
D) will bring about disturbing results
3. Which of the following statements is NOT true of scientists in earlier times?
A) The invented false theories to explain things they didn't understand.
B) They falsely claimed to know all about nature.
C) They did not believe in results from scientific observation.
D) They paid little attention to the problems they didn't understand.
4. The author believes that ______ .
A) man can find solutions to whatever questions concerning nature he can think up
B) man can not solve all the problems he can think up because of the limits of human intellect
C) sooner or later man can think up all the questions concerning nature and answer them
D)questions concerning consciousness are outside the scope of scientific research
5. What is the author's attitude towards science?
A) He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientists.
B) He is doubtful because of the enormous difficulties confronting it.
C) He is confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties confronting it.
D) He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific findings.
答案解析：
1.A 推理題，答題依據(jù)在本文第2段前半部分。這一部分提到，我們對自然界所知甚少，作者認為這是過去一百年以來生物學的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)。從這一方面講，這是一個具有啟發(fā)意義的消息。如果18世紀最聰明的啟蒙運動者被告知我們現(xiàn)在是多么無知，多么對人類的未來感到茫然，他一定會驚訝不已。由此可以推斷，他們當時自認為所知很多，能夠解決大部分的科學問題。
2.B 推理題，答題依據(jù)在本文第1句：科學的前景如何?這個問題實難預測。如果是真正的科學，就不能進行預測。
3.C 設題區(qū)在第2段后半部分。A、B、D項在該部分都有涉及，只有C項沒有提到。
4.A 推理題，依據(jù)見末段第2句：只要是人們能想到的問題，遲早都會得到解答。B項的意思是，由于人的智力有限，他并非能解決他能夠想到的所有問題，這與原文意思不符。
5.C 作者對科學所持的態(tài)度可以從本文最后兩句看出來：雖然他意識到科學面臨著巨大的困難，但還是很有信心。