綜合歷年考研英語(yǔ)英譯漢試題發(fā)現(xiàn)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)出現(xiàn)頻率較高，幾乎每年都包含一句被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的翻譯。
今日老師給2015考研學(xué)子們整理了翻譯被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的常用技巧：
I. 將英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)句譯成漢語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句
英語(yǔ)中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)使用廣泛，因此，在翻譯英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)，大量的應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)譯為漢語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句，少量的仍可譯為被動(dòng)句。
有下列幾種情況：
(1) 原文中的主語(yǔ)在譯文中仍作主語(yǔ)：
The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated.
他在青少年時(shí)期留下的自卑感，還沒有完全消除。
In the move most of furniture was left to the neighbors or distributed among friends.
搬家時(shí)大部分家具要么留給了鄰居，要么分給了朋友。
Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. (2002年)
再者，顯而易見的是一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力與其工農(nóng)業(yè)效率密切相關(guān)，而效率的提供則又依賴于各種科技人員的努力。
(2) 原文中的主語(yǔ)在譯文中作賓語(yǔ)：
Mr. Billings cannot be deterred from his plan.
(人們)不能阻止比林斯先生實(shí)行他的計(jì)劃。
By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at cost of over 200 Belgian and French lives.
大戰(zhàn)終了時(shí)，這個(gè)組織拯救了800人，但這是一兩百多比利時(shí)人和法國(guó)人的生命為代價(jià)的。
(3) 譯成帶表語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句，可譯為“是…的”，“由…的”：
This picture was taken by my brother as he went to Yunnan.
這張照片是我兄弟去云南時(shí)拍的。
The movement to oppose racial discrimination was personally initiated and led by a famous Negro leader.
這場(chǎng)反對(duì)種族歧視的運(yùn)動(dòng)是一位的黑人領(lǐng)袖發(fā)起和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的。
(4) 將英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)句譯成“把”、“使”、“由”字句
By evening the occupation was complete, and people were chased off the streets by an eight o’clock curfew.
至傍晚，占領(lǐng)已告完成。八點(diǎn)鐘開始的宵禁把人們從街道趕走。
Most letters from his wife are read to him by the nurse in the hospital.
他的妻子寫給他的信件，大多數(shù)是由醫(yī)院的護(hù)士念給他聽的。
II. 將英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)句譯成漢語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)句
英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)句譯成漢語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)句時(shí)，往往借助以下幾種方式：
(1) 譯為“被…”或“給…”
Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in out the airfield.
我們隨時(shí)都會(huì)被進(jìn)出機(jī)場(chǎng)的敵機(jī)發(fā)現(xiàn)。
I started to explain that I could not do my best since my spectacles had been taken away from me, but she wouldn’t let me finish.
我開始解釋，我不可能干得很好，因?yàn)槲业难坨R給拿走了，但她不準(zhǔn)我講完。
(2) 譯為“(遭)受…”
Our foreign policy is supported by people all over the world.
我們的對(duì)外政策受到全世界人民的支持。
I was seized with sadness as I thought of how the ancient city had been spared during the Second World War and now might be destroyed by an impending riot.
一想到這座古城是如何在二戰(zhàn)中幸免，而現(xiàn)在卻要遭到即將來臨的*的毀壞，我內(nèi)心充滿悲傷。
(3) 譯文“為…所”
These views have now been adopted by all proletarians who are fighting for their emancipation.
這種觀點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在已為正在爭(zhēng)取解放的全體無產(chǎn)階級(jí)所采納。
III. 將英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)句譯成漢語(yǔ)的無主句
英語(yǔ)中許多被動(dòng)句不需要或無法說出行為的主體，翻譯時(shí)通常譯為漢語(yǔ)的無主句。
Efficiency is usually expressed as a percentage.
通常用百分?jǐn)?shù)來表示效率。
Much greater magnification can be obtained with the electron microscope.
使用電子顯微鏡，可以獲得更大的放大倍數(shù)。