(一) 副詞的分類
副詞按其詞義和作用可分為下列幾類:
1. 時(shí)間副詞,如:yesterday,tomorrow,today,last,ago,recently,immediately,nowadays,still,just等。
2. 頻率副詞,如:never, sometimes, often, usually, hardly, seldom,always, frequently等。
3. 地點(diǎn)、方向副詞,如:here,there,outside,west,left,straight,over,on, in, out,off, somewhere,anywhere,up,down,over,away等。
4. 方式副詞,如:awkwardly,largely,neatly,quickly,well,together,slowly,fast等。
5. 強(qiáng)調(diào)副詞,如:very,quite,too,more,extremely,so,pretty,terribly,wholly,almost,entirely,even,only等。
6. 疑問(wèn)、連接副詞,如:when,where,why,how,whenever,however,wherever等。
(二)副詞的用法
1. 修飾動(dòng)詞: The girl threw the ball quickly.
2. 修飾形容詞: The job is too hard to him.
3. 修飾其他副詞: He drives rather fast.
4. 修飾小品詞: They let her well behind.
5. 修飾不定代詞和數(shù)詞:
Nearly everybody came to out party.
7. 修飾名詞:Life here is full of Joy.
9. 修飾全句:
Ordinarily we eat breakfast at seven.
(三)副詞的構(gòu)成
1. 大多數(shù)副詞是由形容詞加后綴-ly 構(gòu)成的。如:politely,sadly;當(dāng)形容詞以-y結(jié)尾時(shí)。在加-1y之前,先變-y為-i:heavily,busily;以-1e結(jié)尾時(shí)去 -e加-y即可: simply,ably;以-ll結(jié)尾時(shí),只需加-y: dully,shrilly;以-ic結(jié)尾時(shí),則在-ic之后加-ally: economically,basically等。
2. 由名詞加-ly構(gòu)成的副詞,如:weekly,monthly,yearly。
3. 由數(shù)詞加-1y構(gòu)成的副詞,如:firstly。
4. 由不定代詞加-1y構(gòu)成的副詞,如:mostly。
5. 由介詞加-ly構(gòu)成的副詞,如:overly。
6. 由短語(yǔ)加-1y構(gòu)成的副詞, 如: matter-of-factly。
7. 由各種詞類加前綴-a或后綴-fashion,-ways,-style構(gòu)成的副詞,如:alike,
round,aloud,sideways,cowboy-style等。
8. 有些副詞由介詞或地點(diǎn)名詞加后綴-ward(s)構(gòu)成,意義是“向…”。如: backward(s),downward(s),forward(s),northward(s),onward(s),upward(s)等。
9. 另外,有些副詞是由名詞加后綴-wise構(gòu)成,表示方向、位置、狀態(tài)、樣子等,如:clockwise,crabwise,lengthwise等。
副詞按其詞義和作用可分為下列幾類:
1. 時(shí)間副詞,如:yesterday,tomorrow,today,last,ago,recently,immediately,nowadays,still,just等。
2. 頻率副詞,如:never, sometimes, often, usually, hardly, seldom,always, frequently等。
3. 地點(diǎn)、方向副詞,如:here,there,outside,west,left,straight,over,on, in, out,off, somewhere,anywhere,up,down,over,away等。
4. 方式副詞,如:awkwardly,largely,neatly,quickly,well,together,slowly,fast等。
5. 強(qiáng)調(diào)副詞,如:very,quite,too,more,extremely,so,pretty,terribly,wholly,almost,entirely,even,only等。
6. 疑問(wèn)、連接副詞,如:when,where,why,how,whenever,however,wherever等。
(二)副詞的用法
1. 修飾動(dòng)詞: The girl threw the ball quickly.
2. 修飾形容詞: The job is too hard to him.
3. 修飾其他副詞: He drives rather fast.
4. 修飾小品詞: They let her well behind.
5. 修飾不定代詞和數(shù)詞:
Nearly everybody came to out party.
7. 修飾名詞:Life here is full of Joy.
9. 修飾全句:
Ordinarily we eat breakfast at seven.
(三)副詞的構(gòu)成
1. 大多數(shù)副詞是由形容詞加后綴-ly 構(gòu)成的。如:politely,sadly;當(dāng)形容詞以-y結(jié)尾時(shí)。在加-1y之前,先變-y為-i:heavily,busily;以-1e結(jié)尾時(shí)去 -e加-y即可: simply,ably;以-ll結(jié)尾時(shí),只需加-y: dully,shrilly;以-ic結(jié)尾時(shí),則在-ic之后加-ally: economically,basically等。
2. 由名詞加-ly構(gòu)成的副詞,如:weekly,monthly,yearly。
3. 由數(shù)詞加-1y構(gòu)成的副詞,如:firstly。
4. 由不定代詞加-1y構(gòu)成的副詞,如:mostly。
5. 由介詞加-ly構(gòu)成的副詞,如:overly。
6. 由短語(yǔ)加-1y構(gòu)成的副詞, 如: matter-of-factly。
7. 由各種詞類加前綴-a或后綴-fashion,-ways,-style構(gòu)成的副詞,如:alike,
round,aloud,sideways,cowboy-style等。
8. 有些副詞由介詞或地點(diǎn)名詞加后綴-ward(s)構(gòu)成,意義是“向…”。如: backward(s),downward(s),forward(s),northward(s),onward(s),upward(s)等。
9. 另外,有些副詞是由名詞加后綴-wise構(gòu)成,表示方向、位置、狀態(tài)、樣子等,如:clockwise,crabwise,lengthwise等。