以下是為大家整理的關(guān)于《高二有機化學(xué)反應(yīng)方程式小結(jié)》，供大家學(xué)習(xí)參考！
有機化學(xué)反應(yīng)方程式小結(jié)
一.取代反應(yīng)1.CH4+Cl2--光→CH3Cl+HClC2H6+Cl2-光→C2H5Cl+HCl
2.C6H6+Br2—Fe→C6H5Br+HBr3.C2H5OH+HBr--加熱→C2H5Br+H2O
4.C6H6+HNO3--H2SO4水浴加熱→C6H5NO2+H2O
6.C6H5Cl+H2O--NaOHCu,高溫,加壓→C6H5OH+HCl
7.C2H5Cl+H2O—NaOH→C2H5OH+HCl
8.CH3COOC2H5+H2O--無機酸或堿→CH3COOH+C2H5OH
9.(C17H35COO)3C3H5+3NaOH→C3H5(OH)3+3C17H35COOH
二.加成反應(yīng)
10.CH2=CH2+H2→Ni加熱→CH3CH3
13.CH2=CH2+HCl--催化劑,加熱→CH3CH2Cl
14.C2H2+H2--Ni,加熱→CH2=CH2
C2H2+2H2--Ni,加熱→CH3CH3
15.C2H2+2HCl--催化劑,加熱→CH3CHCl2
16.CH2=CH-CH=CH2+Br2→CH2=CH-CHBr-CH2Br
17.CH2=CH-CH=CH2+Br2→CH2Br-CH=CH-CH2Br
18.CH2=CH-CH=CH2+2Br2→BrCH2-CHBr-CHBr-CH2Br
19.CH3CHO+H2–Ni→CH3CH2OH
20.CH2OH-(CHOH)4-CHO+H2--Ni→CH2OH-(CHOH)4-CH2OH
21.C6H6+3H2—Ni→C6H12(環(huán)己烷)
22.C6H6+3Cl2--光→C6H6Cl6(六六六)
23.CH2=CH2+H2O--H2SO4或H3PO4,加熱,加壓→CH3CH2OH
三.消去反應(yīng)
24.CH3CH2OH--濃H2SO4,170℃→CH2=CH2↑+H2O
25.CH3CH2Br+NaOH--醇,加熱→CH2=CH2↑+NaBr+H2O
四.酯化反應(yīng)(亦是取代反應(yīng))
26.CH3COOH+CH3CH2OH--濃H2SO4,加熱→CH3COOC2H5+H2O
27.C3H5(OH)3+3HNO3--濃H2SO4→C3H5(ONO2)3+3H2O
28.[C6H7O2(OH)3]n+3nHNO3(濃)--濃H2SO4→[C6H7O2(ONO2)3]n+3nH2O
29.[C6H7O2(OH)3]n+3nCH3COOH--濃H2SO4→[C6H7O2(OOCCH3)3]n+3nH2O
30.葡萄糖+乙酸乙酸酐
五.水解(鹵代烴、酯、油脂的水解見上,亦是取代反應(yīng))
31.CH3COONa+H2O→CH3COOH+NaOH
32.CH3CH2ONa+H2O→CH3CH2OH+NaOH
33.C6H5ONa+H2O→C6H5OH+NaOH
34.C17H35COONa+H2O→C17H35COOH+NaOH
35.(C6H10O5)n+nH2O--淀粉酶→nC12H22O11
淀粉麥芽糖
36.2(C6H10O5)n+nH2O--H2SO4,加熱→nC6H12O6
淀粉葡萄糖
37.(C6H10O5)n+nH2O--H2SO4,常時間加熱→nC6H12O6
纖維素葡萄糖
38.C12H22O11+H2O--H2SO4→C6H12O6+C6H12O6
蔗糖葡萄糖果糖
39.C12H22O11+H2O--H2SO4→2C6H12O6
麥芽糖葡萄糖
40.蛋白質(zhì)--胃蛋白酶或胰蛋白酶→各種a-氨基酸
六.氧化反應(yīng)
(一)被強氧化劑氧化
41.2C2H5OH+O2--Cu或Ag→2CH3CHO+2H2O
42.C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+熱
43.2CH3CHO+O2→2CH3COOH
★44.5CH2=CH2+6KMnO4+18H2SO4→6K2SO4+10CO2+12MnSO4+28H2O
★45.5C6H5CH3+6KMnO4+9H2SO4→5C6H5COOH+3K2SO4+6MnSO4+14H2O
★46.5C6H5CH2CH3+12KMnO4+18H2SO4→5C6H5COOH+5CO2+6K2SO4+12MnSO4+28H2O
(二)被弱氧化劑氧化
47.CH3CHO+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→CH3COONH4+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O
48.CH3CHO+2Cu(OH)2加熱→CH3COOH+Cu2O↓+2H2O
49.CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→CH2OH(CHOH)4COONH4+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O
50.CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO+2Cu(OH)2--加熱→CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH+Cu2O↓+2H2O
51.HCOOH+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→NH4HCO3+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O
52.HCOOH+2Cu(OH)2加熱→CO2+Cu2O↓+3H2O
53.HCOONa+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→NaHCO3+4NH3+2Ag↓+H2O
54.HCOONH4+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→NH4HCO3+2Ag↓+4NH3+H2O
55.HCOOR+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→NH4OCOOR+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O
56.HCHO+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→HCOONH4+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O
57.HCHO+4[Ag(NH3)2]OH→NH4HCO3+4Ag↓+7NH3+2H2O
58.HCHO+4Cu(OH)2加熱→CO2+2Cu2O↓+5H2O
七.還原反應(yīng)
59.CH3COCH3+H2--Ni→CH3CHOHCH360.HCHO+H2--Ni→CH3OH
61.C6H5CH=CH2+4H2--Ni→C6H11CH2CH3
八.加聚反應(yīng)
62.nCH2=CH2→[CH2-CH2]n63.nCH3-CH=CH2→[CH-CH2]n
64.nCH2=CHX→[CH2-CH]n65.nCF2=CF2→[CF2-CF2]n
66.nCH2=CHCN→[CH2-CH]n67.nCH2=C-COOCH3→[CH2-C]n
68.nCH2=C-CH=CH2→[CH2-C=CH-CH2]n
69.nCH2=CH-CH=CH2→[CH2-CH=CH-CH2]n
70.nCH2=CH-CH=CH2+nC6H5CH=CH2→
[CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH]n或[CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH-CH2]n
71.3CHCH→C6H6(苯)72.nCH2=CH2+nCH3-CH=CH2→
[CH2-CH-CH2-CH2]n或[CH-CH2-CH2-CH2]n
九.縮聚反應(yīng)
72.H-N-CH2-C-OH+H-N-CH2-C-OH+...→H-N-CH2-C-N-CH2-C-...+nH2O
73.nC6H5OH+nHCHO---濃HCl,加熱→[C6H3OHCH2]n+nH2O
74.HOOC--COOH+nHO-CH2CH2-OH→[CO--COOCH2CH2O]n+2nH2O
十.其他
(一)有機物跟鈉的反應(yīng)
75.2CH3CH2OH+2Na→2CH3CH2ONa+H2
76.2C6H5OH+2Na→2C6H5ONa+H2↑
77.2CH3COOH+2Na→2CH3COONa+H2↑
(二)炭化
78.C12H22O11--濃H2SO4→12C+11H2O
(三)分子間脫水
79.2C2H5OH--濃H2SO4,140℃→C2H5OC2H5+H2O
(四)氨基酸的兩性
80.CH2-COOH+HCl→[CH2-COOH]Cl-
81.CH2-COOH+NaOH→CH2-COONa+H2O
有機化學(xué)反應(yīng)方程式小結(jié)
一.取代反應(yīng)1.CH4+Cl2--光→CH3Cl+HClC2H6+Cl2-光→C2H5Cl+HCl
2.C6H6+Br2—Fe→C6H5Br+HBr3.C2H5OH+HBr--加熱→C2H5Br+H2O
4.C6H6+HNO3--H2SO4水浴加熱→C6H5NO2+H2O
6.C6H5Cl+H2O--NaOHCu,高溫,加壓→C6H5OH+HCl
7.C2H5Cl+H2O—NaOH→C2H5OH+HCl
8.CH3COOC2H5+H2O--無機酸或堿→CH3COOH+C2H5OH
9.(C17H35COO)3C3H5+3NaOH→C3H5(OH)3+3C17H35COOH
二.加成反應(yīng)
10.CH2=CH2+H2→Ni加熱→CH3CH3
13.CH2=CH2+HCl--催化劑,加熱→CH3CH2Cl
14.C2H2+H2--Ni,加熱→CH2=CH2
C2H2+2H2--Ni,加熱→CH3CH3
15.C2H2+2HCl--催化劑,加熱→CH3CHCl2
16.CH2=CH-CH=CH2+Br2→CH2=CH-CHBr-CH2Br
17.CH2=CH-CH=CH2+Br2→CH2Br-CH=CH-CH2Br
18.CH2=CH-CH=CH2+2Br2→BrCH2-CHBr-CHBr-CH2Br
19.CH3CHO+H2–Ni→CH3CH2OH
20.CH2OH-(CHOH)4-CHO+H2--Ni→CH2OH-(CHOH)4-CH2OH
21.C6H6+3H2—Ni→C6H12(環(huán)己烷)
22.C6H6+3Cl2--光→C6H6Cl6(六六六)
23.CH2=CH2+H2O--H2SO4或H3PO4,加熱,加壓→CH3CH2OH
三.消去反應(yīng)
24.CH3CH2OH--濃H2SO4,170℃→CH2=CH2↑+H2O
25.CH3CH2Br+NaOH--醇,加熱→CH2=CH2↑+NaBr+H2O
四.酯化反應(yīng)(亦是取代反應(yīng))
26.CH3COOH+CH3CH2OH--濃H2SO4,加熱→CH3COOC2H5+H2O
27.C3H5(OH)3+3HNO3--濃H2SO4→C3H5(ONO2)3+3H2O
28.[C6H7O2(OH)3]n+3nHNO3(濃)--濃H2SO4→[C6H7O2(ONO2)3]n+3nH2O
29.[C6H7O2(OH)3]n+3nCH3COOH--濃H2SO4→[C6H7O2(OOCCH3)3]n+3nH2O
30.葡萄糖+乙酸乙酸酐
五.水解(鹵代烴、酯、油脂的水解見上,亦是取代反應(yīng))
31.CH3COONa+H2O→CH3COOH+NaOH
32.CH3CH2ONa+H2O→CH3CH2OH+NaOH
33.C6H5ONa+H2O→C6H5OH+NaOH
34.C17H35COONa+H2O→C17H35COOH+NaOH
35.(C6H10O5)n+nH2O--淀粉酶→nC12H22O11
淀粉麥芽糖
36.2(C6H10O5)n+nH2O--H2SO4,加熱→nC6H12O6
淀粉葡萄糖
37.(C6H10O5)n+nH2O--H2SO4,常時間加熱→nC6H12O6
纖維素葡萄糖
38.C12H22O11+H2O--H2SO4→C6H12O6+C6H12O6
蔗糖葡萄糖果糖
39.C12H22O11+H2O--H2SO4→2C6H12O6
麥芽糖葡萄糖
40.蛋白質(zhì)--胃蛋白酶或胰蛋白酶→各種a-氨基酸
六.氧化反應(yīng)
(一)被強氧化劑氧化
41.2C2H5OH+O2--Cu或Ag→2CH3CHO+2H2O
42.C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+熱
43.2CH3CHO+O2→2CH3COOH
★44.5CH2=CH2+6KMnO4+18H2SO4→6K2SO4+10CO2+12MnSO4+28H2O
★45.5C6H5CH3+6KMnO4+9H2SO4→5C6H5COOH+3K2SO4+6MnSO4+14H2O
★46.5C6H5CH2CH3+12KMnO4+18H2SO4→5C6H5COOH+5CO2+6K2SO4+12MnSO4+28H2O
(二)被弱氧化劑氧化
47.CH3CHO+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→CH3COONH4+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O
48.CH3CHO+2Cu(OH)2加熱→CH3COOH+Cu2O↓+2H2O
49.CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→CH2OH(CHOH)4COONH4+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O
50.CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO+2Cu(OH)2--加熱→CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH+Cu2O↓+2H2O
51.HCOOH+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→NH4HCO3+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O
52.HCOOH+2Cu(OH)2加熱→CO2+Cu2O↓+3H2O
53.HCOONa+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→NaHCO3+4NH3+2Ag↓+H2O
54.HCOONH4+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→NH4HCO3+2Ag↓+4NH3+H2O
55.HCOOR+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→NH4OCOOR+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O
56.HCHO+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→HCOONH4+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O
57.HCHO+4[Ag(NH3)2]OH→NH4HCO3+4Ag↓+7NH3+2H2O
58.HCHO+4Cu(OH)2加熱→CO2+2Cu2O↓+5H2O
七.還原反應(yīng)
59.CH3COCH3+H2--Ni→CH3CHOHCH360.HCHO+H2--Ni→CH3OH
61.C6H5CH=CH2+4H2--Ni→C6H11CH2CH3
八.加聚反應(yīng)
62.nCH2=CH2→[CH2-CH2]n63.nCH3-CH=CH2→[CH-CH2]n
64.nCH2=CHX→[CH2-CH]n65.nCF2=CF2→[CF2-CF2]n
66.nCH2=CHCN→[CH2-CH]n67.nCH2=C-COOCH3→[CH2-C]n
68.nCH2=C-CH=CH2→[CH2-C=CH-CH2]n
69.nCH2=CH-CH=CH2→[CH2-CH=CH-CH2]n
70.nCH2=CH-CH=CH2+nC6H5CH=CH2→
[CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH]n或[CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH-CH2]n
71.3CHCH→C6H6(苯)72.nCH2=CH2+nCH3-CH=CH2→
[CH2-CH-CH2-CH2]n或[CH-CH2-CH2-CH2]n
九.縮聚反應(yīng)
72.H-N-CH2-C-OH+H-N-CH2-C-OH+...→H-N-CH2-C-N-CH2-C-...+nH2O
73.nC6H5OH+nHCHO---濃HCl,加熱→[C6H3OHCH2]n+nH2O
74.HOOC--COOH+nHO-CH2CH2-OH→[CO--COOCH2CH2O]n+2nH2O
十.其他
(一)有機物跟鈉的反應(yīng)
75.2CH3CH2OH+2Na→2CH3CH2ONa+H2
76.2C6H5OH+2Na→2C6H5ONa+H2↑
77.2CH3COOH+2Na→2CH3COONa+H2↑
(二)炭化
78.C12H22O11--濃H2SO4→12C+11H2O
(三)分子間脫水
79.2C2H5OH--濃H2SO4,140℃→C2H5OC2H5+H2O
(四)氨基酸的兩性
80.CH2-COOH+HCl→[CH2-COOH]Cl-
81.CH2-COOH+NaOH→CH2-COONa+H2O