【New words and expressions】 生詞和短語(yǔ)
★tunnel n. 隧道
channel 海峽
★port n. 港口
airport
★ventilate v. 通風(fēng)
air
Air the room,please!
★chimney n. 煙囪
★sea level 海平面
★double adj. 雙的
double income,no kid.
couple / pair
a couple of weeks
a pair of shoes/socks/glasses
★ventilation n. 通風(fēng)
Forced Ventilation 強(qiáng)制排風(fēng)系統(tǒng)
★fear v. 害怕
afraid / frighten/frightening/frightened/frightful
be afraid/frighten/scare
sb.fear sth.
I feared darkness.
I fear dogs.
be afraid of I am afraid of dogs.
Can you help me? I am afraid I can't/I am afraid not.
sth.frighten / scare sb. You frightened/scared me
The dog frightened me
fear / be afraid of 是習(xí)慣性的／人做主語(yǔ)
frighten/scare 是因某件突然的事情才有的害怕情緒／句子后邊的部分是人 The film scared me
horrified 恐懼
★invasion n. 入侵，侵略
decide/decision invade v.
★officially adv. 正式地
official / office
formally
★connect v. 連接
connect sth.with / to
★European adj. 歐洲的
European Continent
★continent n. 大陸
First listen and then answer the question.
聽(tīng)錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
Why was the first tunnel not completed?
In 1858, a French engineer, Aime Thome de Gamond, arrived in England with a plan for a twenty-one-mile tunnel under the English Channel. He said that it would be possible to build a platform in the centre of the Channel. This platform would serve as a port and a railway station. The tunnel would be well-ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea level. In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an Englishman, William Low. He suggested that a double railway-tunnel should be built. This would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. Forty-two years later a tunnel was actually begun. If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, it would have been completed. The world had to wait almost another 100 years for the Channel Tunnel. It was officially opened on March 7,1994, finally connecting Britain to the European continent.
參考譯文
1858年，一位名叫埃梅.托梅.德.干蒙的法國(guó)工程師帶著建造一條長(zhǎng)21英里、穿越英吉利海陜的隧道計(jì)劃到了英國(guó)。他說(shuō)，可以在隧道中央建造一座平臺(tái)，這座平臺(tái)將用作碼頭和火車(chē)站。如果再建些伸出海面的高大的煙囪狀通風(fēng)管，隧道就具備了良好的通風(fēng)條件。1860年，一位名叫威廉.洛的英國(guó)人提出了一項(xiàng)更好的計(jì)劃。他提議建一條雙軌隧道，這樣就解決了通風(fēng)問(wèn)題。因?yàn)槿绻辛谢疖?chē)開(kāi)進(jìn)隧道，它就把新鮮空氣隨之抽進(jìn)了隧道。42年以后，隧道實(shí)際已經(jīng)開(kāi)始建了。如果不是因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)英國(guó)人害怕入侵，隧道早已建成了。世界不得不再等將近100年才看到海峽隧道竣工。它于1994年3月7日正式開(kāi)通，將英國(guó)與歐洲大陸連到了一起。
【課文講解】
１．in 1858
２．in 1860
３．forty-two years later
４．1994
描述一件事物的要素：
who/do what/how /why
in 1858,a French engineer arrived in England with a plan.
plan for
twenty-one-mile 是定語(yǔ)
He said
it 代表to build a platform in the centre of the Channel,做形式主語(yǔ)
serve as 作為...來(lái)服務(wù)； 起...作用
It will serve as swimming pool.
above 在海拔上高
put forward (plan/suggestion)
an Englishman
suggest 有兩個(gè)意思：
１作為＂暗示＂意思時(shí)，用法與其它的詞相同。
２作為＂建議＂意思時(shí)，則為虛擬語(yǔ)氣，后接動(dòng)詞是要用-ing形式，后接that從句采用一種固定的用法。
should + 動(dòng)詞原形 should 可以省略
He suggested that a double railway-tunnel be built.
I suggested (that) he (should) go home.
He suggested that I should go with him
He insisted that I should stay to lunch.
for 因?yàn)?BR> draw in 吸進(jìn)
bring
at the time
the British 英國(guó)人
虛擬語(yǔ)氣 （非真實(shí)條件句）
１與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反
２與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反
其從句的使用：
１與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)
２與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，此時(shí)主句格式為：would have done
would/could/should
must have done 對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)
cann't have done 對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加have done 表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)
wait for
wait for five minutes
I have waited five minutes.
I have waited for you for five minutes
I have waited five years for you.
connect...to...
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的ing形式：
１表示其與主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)的關(guān)系
２表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的ed形式表示其與主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系
【Key structures】
1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反
特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：suggest/insist，后接that從句（should+動(dòng)詞原形）
Exercise C:
No.1 would have been able
No.3 would not have made
No.4 虛擬語(yǔ)氣與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)
與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)相反的be動(dòng)詞，用were代替
if I were you
No.5 is 真實(shí)條件句
【Multiple choice questions】
3...
possible
could:可能
would:表示將來(lái)要做
11...
mix:混合
join:連接（加入），強(qiáng)調(diào)使成為其中一員
rejoin:再次加入
combine:合并
9...
put forward:提出
intend to do
aim at:目標(biāo)是什么
plan:計(jì)劃
suggest:建議
suggest+doing/that, suggest+名詞或代詞
【Special difficuilties】
1....
drwa up :簽署
2...
draw back:倒退
3...
draw up = stop :停止，停下來(lái)
【Summary writing】
1...
The tunnel will(would) be ventilated,a French engineer planned to build in 1858
The tunnel which a French engineer planned to build in 1858 would be ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea level.
先行詞，which非限定性定語(yǔ)從句
The tunnel,which a French engineer planned to build in 1858,would be ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea level.
3.because they would
4.Though...because
It was stopped because the British had feared invasion.
Though it was begun(work begin forty-two years later),it was stopped because...
5.However 起了副詞的作用，后面考研直接加一個(gè)句子
【Composition】
1.Thanks to(prep.):幸虧，because of :由于
Thanks to the English channel which separates Britain from Europe,the country has not been invaded since 1066
2.now that :即使（既然）
However,now that modern warfare is far more complex,such fears no longer exist.
3.Both...and...
Both Britain and Europe benefit
★tunnel n. 隧道
channel 海峽
★port n. 港口
airport
★ventilate v. 通風(fēng)
air
Air the room,please!
★chimney n. 煙囪
★sea level 海平面
★double adj. 雙的
double income,no kid.
couple / pair
a couple of weeks
a pair of shoes/socks/glasses
★ventilation n. 通風(fēng)
Forced Ventilation 強(qiáng)制排風(fēng)系統(tǒng)
★fear v. 害怕
afraid / frighten/frightening/frightened/frightful
be afraid/frighten/scare
sb.fear sth.
I feared darkness.
I fear dogs.
be afraid of I am afraid of dogs.
Can you help me? I am afraid I can't/I am afraid not.
sth.frighten / scare sb. You frightened/scared me
The dog frightened me
fear / be afraid of 是習(xí)慣性的／人做主語(yǔ)
frighten/scare 是因某件突然的事情才有的害怕情緒／句子后邊的部分是人 The film scared me
horrified 恐懼
★invasion n. 入侵，侵略
decide/decision invade v.
★officially adv. 正式地
official / office
formally
★connect v. 連接
connect sth.with / to
★European adj. 歐洲的
European Continent
★continent n. 大陸
First listen and then answer the question.
聽(tīng)錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
Why was the first tunnel not completed?
In 1858, a French engineer, Aime Thome de Gamond, arrived in England with a plan for a twenty-one-mile tunnel under the English Channel. He said that it would be possible to build a platform in the centre of the Channel. This platform would serve as a port and a railway station. The tunnel would be well-ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea level. In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an Englishman, William Low. He suggested that a double railway-tunnel should be built. This would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. Forty-two years later a tunnel was actually begun. If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, it would have been completed. The world had to wait almost another 100 years for the Channel Tunnel. It was officially opened on March 7,1994, finally connecting Britain to the European continent.
參考譯文
1858年，一位名叫埃梅.托梅.德.干蒙的法國(guó)工程師帶著建造一條長(zhǎng)21英里、穿越英吉利海陜的隧道計(jì)劃到了英國(guó)。他說(shuō)，可以在隧道中央建造一座平臺(tái)，這座平臺(tái)將用作碼頭和火車(chē)站。如果再建些伸出海面的高大的煙囪狀通風(fēng)管，隧道就具備了良好的通風(fēng)條件。1860年，一位名叫威廉.洛的英國(guó)人提出了一項(xiàng)更好的計(jì)劃。他提議建一條雙軌隧道，這樣就解決了通風(fēng)問(wèn)題。因?yàn)槿绻辛谢疖?chē)開(kāi)進(jìn)隧道，它就把新鮮空氣隨之抽進(jìn)了隧道。42年以后，隧道實(shí)際已經(jīng)開(kāi)始建了。如果不是因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)英國(guó)人害怕入侵，隧道早已建成了。世界不得不再等將近100年才看到海峽隧道竣工。它于1994年3月7日正式開(kāi)通，將英國(guó)與歐洲大陸連到了一起。
【課文講解】
１．in 1858
２．in 1860
３．forty-two years later
４．1994
描述一件事物的要素：
who/do what/how /why
in 1858,a French engineer arrived in England with a plan.
plan for
twenty-one-mile 是定語(yǔ)
He said
it 代表to build a platform in the centre of the Channel,做形式主語(yǔ)
serve as 作為...來(lái)服務(wù)； 起...作用
It will serve as swimming pool.
above 在海拔上高
put forward (plan/suggestion)
an Englishman
suggest 有兩個(gè)意思：
１作為＂暗示＂意思時(shí)，用法與其它的詞相同。
２作為＂建議＂意思時(shí)，則為虛擬語(yǔ)氣，后接動(dòng)詞是要用-ing形式，后接that從句采用一種固定的用法。
should + 動(dòng)詞原形 should 可以省略
He suggested that a double railway-tunnel be built.
I suggested (that) he (should) go home.
He suggested that I should go with him
He insisted that I should stay to lunch.
for 因?yàn)?BR> draw in 吸進(jìn)
bring
at the time
the British 英國(guó)人
虛擬語(yǔ)氣 （非真實(shí)條件句）
１與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反
２與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反
其從句的使用：
１與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)
２與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，此時(shí)主句格式為：would have done
would/could/should
must have done 對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)
cann't have done 對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加have done 表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)
wait for
wait for five minutes
I have waited five minutes.
I have waited for you for five minutes
I have waited five years for you.
connect...to...
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的ing形式：
１表示其與主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)的關(guān)系
２表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的ed形式表示其與主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系
【Key structures】
1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反
特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：suggest/insist，后接that從句（should+動(dòng)詞原形）
Exercise C:
No.1 would have been able
No.3 would not have made
No.4 虛擬語(yǔ)氣與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)
與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)相反的be動(dòng)詞，用were代替
if I were you
No.5 is 真實(shí)條件句
【Multiple choice questions】
3...
possible
could:可能
would:表示將來(lái)要做
11...
mix:混合
join:連接（加入），強(qiáng)調(diào)使成為其中一員
rejoin:再次加入
combine:合并
9...
put forward:提出
intend to do
aim at:目標(biāo)是什么
plan:計(jì)劃
suggest:建議
suggest+doing/that, suggest+名詞或代詞
【Special difficuilties】
1....
drwa up :簽署
2...
draw back:倒退
3...
draw up = stop :停止，停下來(lái)
【Summary writing】
1...
The tunnel will(would) be ventilated,a French engineer planned to build in 1858
The tunnel which a French engineer planned to build in 1858 would be ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea level.
先行詞，which非限定性定語(yǔ)從句
The tunnel,which a French engineer planned to build in 1858,would be ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea level.
3.because they would
4.Though...because
It was stopped because the British had feared invasion.
Though it was begun(work begin forty-two years later),it was stopped because...
5.However 起了副詞的作用，后面考研直接加一個(gè)句子
【Composition】
1.Thanks to(prep.):幸虧，because of :由于
Thanks to the English channel which separates Britain from Europe,the country has not been invaded since 1066
2.now that :即使（既然）
However,now that modern warfare is far more complex,such fears no longer exist.
3.Both...and...
Both Britain and Europe benefit