這篇關(guān)于2014中考英語備考資料：語法要點之部分名詞用法，是特地為大家整理的，希望對大家有所幫助！
The old woman is alone in the house. 那位老婦一個人在屋里。
可當(dāng)副詞，修飾動詞：She lives alone. 她獨居。
Can you move the stone alone? 你能獨自搬動那塊兒石頭嗎?
Dick is walking on the beach alone. 狄克獨自在海灘漫步。
(注意：不可說very alone. 但可說very much alone.)
2lonely, “孤獨的;寂寞的”帶有傷感色彩。只當(dāng)形容詞。
可在系動詞后作表語：The old man is lonely.這位老人是孤獨的。
He has many relatives, but he feels lonely. 他有很多親戚，但感到孤獨。
(lonely 和心理感受有關(guān)，而alone和心理感受無關(guān)。)
也可在名詞前作定語：a lonely person一位孤獨的人
a lonely village一個偏僻的村莊 (而alone不可作定語)
56.belong to與be: This suit belongs to me / Lucy / my brother. (直接加人)
This suit is mine / Lucy’s / my son’s / hers. (某物是某人的，所以用名詞性物主代詞。)
57.by常見用法：1“通過”I study English by memorizing grammar.
You can know it by looking it up in a dictionary. He travels by bike.
2“截止到”Will you finish the task by tomorrow?
The train had left by the time he got there.
3“被”This novel was written by Lu Xun.
4“經(jīng)過”He passed by me without noticing me.
5“在……旁邊”Sit by me. They are playing by the river.
58.部分用in的短語： in a good way(用一個好方法), in the open air(在露天場所)
2that與上文所說是同一類，但不是同一個，常指不可數(shù)名詞。
The food in China is quite different from that in America.
The weather of Hainan is better than that of Gansu.
that也可指上文所說的事：
A: I had an accident and broke my legs. B: I’m sorry to hear that.
3 this 更多指下文所說的事：The reason is this : ………..
4one 指代上文所說的某類可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，指同一類物但不是同一個。
This sweater is too expensive, do you have another one?(也指毛衣，但不是上文那個)
77.at / by the end of, in the end 的區(qū)別：
1at the end of +時間點或地點，“在…的盡頭，在…的末尾”
They will have a sports meeting at the end of March. (時間)
He put some books at the end of the bed. (地點)
2by the end of +時間點，“截止到…末”
若接過去的時間點，常用過去完成時： We had built ten buildings by the end of 2002. They had planted six thousand trees by the end of last month.
若接將來的時間，常用一般將來時：We shall finish the work by the end of next month.
3in the end “最后”，后不加of 短語：
They wanted to find a place to rest in, in the end, they saw a village.
78.have gone to/have been to/have been in: 1have gone to+地點“已去了…(還未回來)” -I can’t find those children, where are they?
-They have gone to the farm. (去了農(nóng)場，不在這兒)
2have been to+地點“去過…(原來去過，現(xiàn)在已回) ”句尾常接次數(shù)或多個地點
或before，或句中常有ever, never等。
She has been to Qingdao three times. I have been to two big cities.
Have you been to Dalian before? I have never / ever been to Dalian.
I have never been there before. Where have you been? 你去哪兒了?(此行省略了to)
3have been in + 地點，“已在…(多久了) ”句尾常接for + 時間段，或since + 時間點 / 一般過去時的句子。
Peter has been in China for a long time.
I’ve been here for 2 hours / since 2 hours ago. (此短語省略了in)
79.all / whole用法：all (of) the land / all (of) the class / all (of) the students…【all 在定冠詞the 前】 the whole school / the whole country / the whole day… 【whole 在定冠詞the 后】
—22—
80.a bit / a little區(qū)別：都可作副詞，后直接加形容詞或副詞。
I’m a bit / a little hungry. She feels a bit / a little tired.
也都可作代詞(或形容詞)，后接不可數(shù)名詞，但有所不同：
I have only a little drink. She ate a little bread and went out. (a little 直接加名詞)
而下文：I have only a bit of drink. She ate a bit of bread. (a bit先加of，再跟名詞)
81.“擅長”與“不擅長”： “對…有利”與“對…有害”：
“擅長”：be good at / do well in He is good at math. = He does well in math.
“不擅長”：be bad in / be poor in / be weak in / do badly in
“對…有利”：be good for “對…有害”：be bad for
82. 表數(shù)量的詞與短語的部分用法：1none / all / some / most / more / plenty of / a lot of (lots of) / 后既可接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，也可接不可數(shù)名詞。 2many / (a) few / a number of / several只接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 3much / (a) little / a bit of只接不可數(shù)名詞。
83.易用錯的副詞：1really可修飾動詞、副詞和形容詞，常在它們前面。
I really love reading. I really miss you. (修飾動詞)
Tom speaks really quickly. 湯姆說得非常快。(修飾副詞)
It’s really kind of you. 你真好。 (修飾形容詞)
2very much常修飾動詞want, miss, hate, love, like, dislike, enjoy, take after(長得像…), move(使…感動), excite(使…激動)等等。常在句尾。
Jack wants to go there very much. 杰克很想去那兒。
I hate reciting the words very much. 我很討厭背單詞。
He enjoyed the film very much. 他很喜歡這部電影。
He takes after his mother very much. 他長得很像他媽媽。
(very much 不可修飾形容詞和副詞：I’m happy very much.是錯誤的。)
3very修飾形容詞和副詞，放在它們前面：
She is very kind. I am very happy. Peter speaks very slowly.
(very不可修飾動詞：I very like English. He very misses you.等類似結(jié)構(gòu)都是錯誤的。)
84.常用于現(xiàn)在完成時的詞或短語：for(后加時間段，句中謂語用延續(xù)性動詞);
since(后加時間點或一般過去時的句子，主句謂語用延續(xù)性動詞);
How long(對時間段或for與since引導(dǎo)的內(nèi)容提問，句中謂語也用延續(xù)性動詞)
in / all one’s life(在某人一生);in / during the past / last+時間段 (在最近的…時間內(nèi)) ;so far(“到目前為止”); ever;never;just;before(參見18之4) ;recently;.
—23—
yet(用于句尾，用在疑問句或否定句中);
already (用于句中或句尾，用在肯定的陳述句中)
其中ever, just, never, already在句中時常放在動詞過去分詞前面。如：He has just gone.
85.形容詞與副詞區(qū)別：1形容詞修飾名詞，作定語(劃線部分)：
She is a kind girl. What bad weather! I bought a new bike.
形容詞可在系動詞后，作表語(劃線部分)：
The girl is kind. His face turned red. It tastes sweet.
也可放在不定代詞或不定副詞后面作定語： somewhere warm; anything new (另見10)
2副詞(以下劃線部分)修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，也可修飾整個句子，如以下黑體字。
He ran quickly. Please speak in the class aloud. Tim lives alone. 修飾動詞
She is very angry. He felt too tired. I’m so lucky. 修飾形容詞
He got up quite early. She did it very well. 修飾副詞
Unluckily, I failed the English exam. 修飾整個句子
86.everyday與every day: everyday是形容詞，后接名詞，“日常的”。He is practicing everyday English. every day是副詞，作時間狀語，“每天”。We speak English every day.
87.everyone與every one: 1everyone“每個人;大家;所有人”，只指人。
后不接of短語。Everyone is here except Tom.
2every one“每一個”既可指人，也可指物。后常接of短語。
Every one of us has a dictionary. Every one of the trees is tall.
88.none與no one: 1no one“沒有一人”只指人, 后不接of短語。
No one has been to Beihai Park. No one told us about it.
(以上因后面無of短語，故不用none)
2none“沒有人;沒有任何東西”既可指人，也可指物;既可指可數(shù)名詞，也可指不可數(shù)名詞。后常接of短語。
None of the children has/have been to Beihai Park.
(此處指人。因后有of短語，故不用no one)
A: How many elephants did you see there? B: None.
(對話中none單獨用，不指人，故不用no one. 另見114)
89.乘交通工具之表達:1by bike / car / sea (ship) / air (plane) (前無冠詞，且不用復(fù)數(shù))
2on a horseback / his bike / the plane / a ship (有冠詞或限定詞)
He is talking with his teacher. May I talk to you?
(注意talk接人和接物時介詞搭配不同：talk with / to sb ; talk about sth)
2tell只作及物動詞,“告訴;講”。常接雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)(tell sb sth.)
Mr. Li told us an interesting story. Who told you the news?
3say必須接有內(nèi)容，或邏輯上有內(nèi)容作賓語。 (所接內(nèi)容見以下劃線部分)
Please say it in English. He said nothing. Please show me what to say..
“I disagree with you.” said Tom. What will you say? Do you have anything to say?
say 若接sb, 則需先加to: I must say sorry to you.
“I overslept this morning.” he said to me.
4speak ●“說話”不及物動詞。He spoke too fast for me to follow.
●接人時先加介詞to. May I speak to Mr. Smith?
●可表說話的能力。The baby can speak now. 這個嬰兒現(xiàn)在能說話。
There is something wrong with his throat, he can’t speak. 他的喉嚨有病，說不成話。
●也可譯為“演講，發(fā)言”Who will speak in the meeting?
●也可譯為“說”，作及物動詞，后接語言。Do you speak English / Chinese?
61.sometimes / some times / sometime / some time:
sometimes: “有時”=at times. He is sometimes late for school. (sometimes在be后)
I sometimes forgot my homework. (sometimes在實義動詞前)
Sometimes he becomes very angry. (sometimes 也可放在句首或句尾)
some times: “幾次”I have been to Nanjing some times.
sometime: “某一時刻” I bought it sometime last spring. 我去年春天某個時候買的它。
We’ll meet again sometime next week. 我們下星期某個時候會再見面的。
some time: “一段時間”We have to stay here for some time.
62.need 的用法：1need可當(dāng)情態(tài)動詞(和can等用法類似，但need只用于疑問句或否定句中)： Need I go now? (need 放在一般疑問句的開頭)
I needn’t tell you the answer. (否定句中直接在need后加not)
【當(dāng)情態(tài)動詞時，need無時態(tài)變化?！?BR> 2need 可當(dāng)行為動詞(和want 等用法類似)：
He needs a bike. (后可直接加名詞)
I need to go over my lessons. (后可接帶to不定式)
Do you need to have a rest? (一般疑問句中do, does, did在句首)
We don’t need to wait for her coming. (否定句中do, does, did提前)
—18—
【 注：need 后接表被動的內(nèi)容時，可表達為： The TV needs to be repaired.
= The TV needs repairing.】
63.do with 與deal with: 都譯為“處理，對付，安排，應(yīng)付”
What have you done with the milk? 用what提問。
How shall we deal with this problem? 用how提問。
下面兩句由此而來：Could you tell me what to do with the milk?
Could you tell me how to deal with this problem?
64.就近原則：常見的有：Either you or Lucy is wrong.
There is a dog and two cats in the yard. (there be句型)
Not only you but (also) I am strict in the work.
Neither you nor Lucy has seen the film before.
65.主謂一致：One / Neither of you is right. (單數(shù)謂語)
Tom, with his friends, has gone. (主語是Tom, 單數(shù)謂語)
This pair of shoes looks beautiful. (主語是pair, 謂語用單數(shù))
The shoes look beautiful. (此句主語無pair, 謂語用復(fù)數(shù))
Every boy and every girl has a chance to do it. (此結(jié)構(gòu)中用單數(shù)謂語)
The old need to be looked after carefully. The young are energetic.
(the 加形容詞表一類人或物，謂語用復(fù)數(shù))
Mr. and Mrs. Green are from America. 指格林夫婦 (復(fù)數(shù)謂語)
The teacher and writer is an able man. 指教師兼作家, 一個人，單數(shù)謂語。
Both you and I are excited about the news. (both…..and …做主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù))
the number of與a number of參見39. (分數(shù)表達見50, 其它見74之5)
66.quite / such / really用法之一：如果出現(xiàn)不定冠詞時，不定冠詞常放在后面。
It’s quite an easy question. He is quite a clever boy.
It’s such an important lesson.(另見33) Lily is really a lazy girl.
67.部分用what 提問的句型：
What size do you want? 你想要多大尺寸的?
What will you do with the problem? 你將怎樣處理這個問題?
What’s the population of China? 中國的人口是多少?
What day is it today?今天星期幾? What’s the date today? 今天幾月幾號?
What’s the price of this one? 這個價錢是多少?
What’s your address? 你的地址是什么?
—19—
What’s your phone number? 你的電話號碼是多少?
68.there be部分用法：●there be 后跟的是名詞。如：There will be rain tomorrow.
此處名詞rain不能用rainy, raining等形式。
●常有以下結(jié)構(gòu): there may / will / must / is going to / used to /…be. …
●there be中不可再出現(xiàn)have / has / had (譯為“有”) 的詞。
●there be 后接的是表示泛指的名詞，即不加the. There is a dog under the desk.
There is no water in the bottle. There are some books on the shelf.
●There is only a student taking notes now. (劃線部分邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系，動詞加ing)
There is no need to open the box. There are 20 trees to be planted. There is nothing to do.
(劃線部分邏輯上不是主謂關(guān)系，動詞常用帶to 不定式。)
●反意疑問句用法見45。
69.常見表否定的詞或短語:no, not, hardly, few, little, neither, nor, nothing, nobody, none, nowhere, never等.(但前綴如dis--, un--, in--, im--, mis--或后綴如—less等詞并不表否定。)
有些詞或短語有時在某些句型中也相當(dāng)于否定，如without, too…to…
without anything, too tired to go any further
70.常見后接動詞原形的詞或短語: why not / had better / please /would you please / let / make / 情態(tài)動詞，等等。 (have“使、讓”，可接動詞原形，其它用法，另見36)
【注意否定形式： had better / would you please / let直接加not + 動原;
而please加don’t + 動原】
71.常見后接動詞ing的詞或短語：finish / enjoy / practice / give up / end up / put off / consider / keep / feel like / prefer…to…/ can’t help(禁不住) / be busy / be worth(值得) / take turns(輪流) / miss(錯過) / spend / have fun / 介詞等。
72.常見后接帶to不定式的詞或短語：want / hope / wish / allow / encourage(鼓勵)/ ask / tell / pretend(假裝) / decide / plan / invite / urge / advise / warn / seem / in order (為了) 等等。
疑問詞后也可跟帶to不定式, 如how to do it。 it作形式主語，后也常有帶to不定式。
【否定形式：以上大多詞 + not + to do sth】
73.被動語態(tài) (be + 動詞過去分詞) 用法：1主動語態(tài)為下列情況時被動語態(tài)的變化：
一般情況：I saw the accident . →The accident was seen by me.
We often do homework at night. →Homework is often done at night.
雙賓情況:He told us a story.→We were told a story.(無to)→A story was told to us.(有to)
She passed me a pen.→I was passed a pen.(無to)→A pen was passed to me. (有to)
情態(tài)動詞:We can make a plan. →A plan can be made.
—20—
進行時態(tài):Tom is writing a letter.→A letter is being written by Tom. (be being done)
完成時態(tài)：I have finished the work. →The work has been finished. (have been done)
被動語態(tài)其它用法分別見6和36.
2被動語態(tài)常跟的介詞：(以下面短語為例)
be made in + 地點 These watches are made in Shanghai.
be made of + 眼睛可以看出的原材料 This desk is made of wood. (仍能看出木頭)
be made from +眼睛看不出的原材料 The paper is made from wood. (看不出木頭)
be used for + 目的 English is often used for business. (用于商業(yè)目的)
This machine is used for cutting things. (用于切割東西)
be used as …被用來當(dāng)作…… English is used as a foreign language in China.
be made by + 人 The model ship was made by Lily.
be filled with / be covered with是固定短語，分別譯為“被充滿了…”和“被覆蓋著…”
The room is filled with smoke. This bag is filled with rice.
The ground is covered with snow. The hill is covered with trees.
74.名詞或所屬格作定語：1強調(diào)性別時a man doctor / two men doctors ;
a woman teacher / six women teachers a man cleaner / some men cleaners
被修飾詞是單數(shù)時，性別也用單數(shù);被修飾詞是復(fù)數(shù)時，性別也用復(fù)數(shù)。
2a girl actor / four girl actors a boy player / two boy players
a bus station / some bus stations 復(fù)數(shù)只變被修飾的詞, 定語不再變復(fù)數(shù)。
3a boys’ team / a gentlemen’s holiday / Teachers’ Day / Children’s Day / Nurses’ Day……
“復(fù)數(shù) + ’s ” 作定語，譯為“…的…”
4Father’s Day / Mother’s Day 此處“單數(shù) + ’s ”作定語。
5and連接的名詞所屬格：Lucy’s and Ann’s fathers are workers. 分別是兩個人的爸爸，所以應(yīng)分別加 ’s，做主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。而下一句： Lucy and Ann’s father is very interesting. 兩人共有的爸爸，兩人后只加一個 ’s. 做主語時謂語用單數(shù)。
75.win與beat區(qū)別：都有“贏”的意思。 win后加物：I’m sure Jim will win the match.
We won the first place in the sports meeting. 我們贏了第一名。
而beat后加的是人，也可譯為“打敗”：I’m afraid they will beat us.
I hope we can beat the boys’ team. (男子隊，相當(dāng)于人。)
76.it / that / this / one當(dāng)代詞時的部分用法：1it 指上文的某個事物，和上文是同一個。
This book is very useful. I will take good care of it. it也可指上文所說的事：
My son has lost himself in the computer games. I’m worried about it.
in a hurry(匆忙), in pen / ink(用鋼筆 / 墨水) (見105), in style(時新的)
in the day(在白天)(見92), in different sizes(以不同的大小), in red(穿著紅衣服)in different shapes(以不同的形狀) in a difficult situation(在困難情況下)
in good health(身體健康) in a red coat(穿著紅外套)(見46), in English(用英語)
in the way(擋道) in a low voice(用低的聲音) in order to(為了，后接動詞原形)
59.比較級與級部分要點：1不規(guī)則形式或易錯形式：
much / many→more→most bad / badly / ill→worse→worst
far→farther / further→farthest / furthest little→less→least
few→fewer→fewest old→older / elder→oldest / eldest
2常見比較級/級句型：He runs faster than me. (有than, 用比較級)
He did better than any other student in the school. (用比較級。另見48的other用法，)
—16—
Tom is the cleverest boy in his class. (某個范圍內(nèi)，用級)
He is the taller of the two (boys). (兩者，用比較級。)
(注意：此句型中比較級前加the。而一般情況下比較級前不加the.級前才加the.)
He is the tallest of the three (boys) / of all. He jumped (the) farthest of the four.
(以上兩句都指三者或更多，用級。前句因the在形容詞級前，不可省略;而后句因the在副詞前， 可以省略。)
Which is better, tea or milk? (兩者選擇，用比較級。)
Which is the best, tea, milk or water? (三者或更多中選擇，用級。)
It’s the second longest river in China. (序數(shù)詞后的形容詞或副詞用級形式。)
3“越來越…”結(jié)構(gòu)：“比較級 + and + 比較級”
He cried harder and harder. 他哭得越來越厲害了。 She is getting taller and taller.
類似：bigger and bigger / happier and happier / fatter and fatter
/ stronger and stronger / richer and richer / worse and worse…
多音節(jié)詞或部分雙音節(jié)詞：more and more beautiful / slowly / carefully / interesting…
4“越…, 越…” “the+比較級”分別置于兩句的開頭，作為倒裝成份。
The more difficult English is, the harder you should study.英語越困難，你就要越努力。
The younger we are, the more energy we have. 我們越年輕，我們就越有活力。
The more you eat, the fatter you will get.你吃得越多，你就變得越胖。
5“越來越多的…”more and more + 名詞 (既有可數(shù)名詞，也有不可數(shù)名詞。)
More and more people are getting richer and richer.
We need more and more desks / paper / trees / water …. (與3所接形 / 副不同)
6“…得多”much + 形容詞 / 副詞比較級
This room is much bigger than that one.
類似：much taller / fatter / younger / heavier / faster / earlier / better…
注意多音節(jié)詞或部分雙音節(jié)詞：much more careful / difficult / tiring / mysterious…
7“另外的…(個) …”結(jié)構(gòu)：數(shù)量 + more + 名詞，如two more students“另兩個學(xué)生”
以下類似：one more towel, three more suits, many more tiles, much more truth,
some more meat, a lot more wood, a little more experience,
once more = one more time = again. 上述結(jié)構(gòu)有時也可用another + 數(shù)字 + 名詞替代：
five more trees = another five trees (記住詞的位置) (另見48， another)
60.talk, tell, say, speak: 1talk只作不及物動詞。
Don’t talk in class. Shall we talk about our English study? 3in his / a car (car前用in) 4on foot
5動詞短語: ride a bike / a horse; drive a car; walk; take a plane / taxi / bus; fly等。
90.kind of 與kinds of: 1kind of 單獨用，表示“有點”，后接形容詞或副詞：
He is kind of thin.”他有點瘦” I feel kind of hungry.”我有點餓”
Uncle Wang speaks kind of quickly. 王叔叔說得有點快。
2若kind of前有a, this, that, what等，譯為“種，種類” 后加名詞。
That kind of question is difficult to answer. 那類問題難回答。
What kind of sport do you like best? 你最喜歡何種運動?
3熟記一些短語：all kinds of...“各種各樣的...” many kinds of“很多種類的”
different kinds of“不同種類的” 后都加名詞。
91.rain / snow / wind的常見修飾詞：a strong wind“一陣強風(fēng)” a heavy rain
“一場大雨” heavy snow“大雪” (以上修飾詞與后面名詞組成了名詞短語)
blow hard“猛烈地吹” snow heavily“下大雪” rain hard / heavily“下大雨”
(以上修飾詞與前面動詞組成了動詞短語)
92.day的部分用法：1in eight days“8天后” (in + 時間段 “….時間后”. )
2in the day / daytime“在白天” (前加“in”)
3on Teachers’ Day / May Day on Monday(表節(jié)日或星期幾，前用”on”. 另見110)
4(in) those / these days“在過去 / 現(xiàn)在”= in the old days (用”in”)
5today, next / last / this / that / every / all day等前面常不加介詞。
93.個別名詞的部分用法：1family“家庭;家庭成員”指整體時，表示單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;指成員時，表示復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式：
His family is going to move. My family is large. (以上指整體，謂語用單數(shù))
My family are very well.我全家人很健康。 (指成員，謂語用復(fù)數(shù))
類似的還有：staff(職員)，class, team, public(公眾)，government等.
2有些名詞只表復(fù)數(shù)，謂語只用復(fù)數(shù)。如people, police, cattle等：
The police are searching for a man with a big nose. The cattle have been killed .
3deer, fish，sheep等詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式相同： a deer (一只鹿) / two deer (兩只鹿)
a fish (一條魚) / two fish (兩條魚) a sheep (一只羊) / some sheep (一些羊)
另外fish若表示種類時，復(fù)數(shù)要在后加es: two fishes(兩種魚)
4有些名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)有特殊形式：
—25—
man→men; woman→women; foot→feet; tooth→teeth;
mouse→mice; child→children; ox→oxen (公牛)
5有些名詞通常只有復(fù)數(shù)形式 (左右對稱的)：
scissors (剪刀) clothes(衣服) trousers (褲子) glasses(眼鏡)
6有些名詞只是不可數(shù)名詞： It’s such great fun. What fun! What good news!
I won’t do anything in such bad weather. Can you tell me some information?
I like music which is popular. 類似：a piece of chalk much knowledge
94.leave的用法：1leave可指“離開”leave Zhengzhou離開鄭州
leave Zhengzhou for Wuhan離開鄭州到武漢
leave for Wuhan動身到武漢 (for后接目的地，而不是出發(fā)地)
2leave留下;忘記 I left my backpack at home.
leave后接地點，而forget后無地點。如：Sorry, I forgot the money.
95. ill與sick的區(qū)別：1都可譯為“生病的”。ill只在系動詞后作表語：
Her mother was ill in bed. She feels ill today.
但sick既可作表語： Her mother was sick / ill in bed. (作表語常是美國英語用法)
也可作定語(即后接名詞)：Jane is taking care of her sick mother.
(此處是定語，不可用ill. 原因見下文ill用法)
2若ill作定語，譯為“壞的，惡劣的”an ill person一個壞人
sick作表語時也常譯為“惡心的，想吐的”。
The boy always feels sick when he travels by car.
96.return用法：1“返回”，相當(dāng)于“go back / get back / come back..
如：Ann will visit you when he returns to London.
(當(dāng)“返回”時是不及物動詞，先加to才可再加地點。另外，return已含有back的意思，后不可再跟back.)
2“歸還”，相當(dāng)于“give back”如：I have returned the dictionary.
(當(dāng)“歸還”時是及物動詞，后直接加物，不加to. 同樣不可再跟back.)
You should return the piano to Dick on time. (后接有人時，方可加to)
97.favourite 與own的類似結(jié)構(gòu): 形容詞性物主代詞 + favorite + 名詞 “某人最喜歡的...”。同樣，形容詞性物主代詞 + own + 名詞“某人自己的...”
如：My favorite animal is dog. He found his own bike.
—26—
98.stop / start (begin) / forget (remember) / like / go on等動詞：
1stop doing sth. 停止正在做的某事。He was tired, so he stopped working.
stop to do sth. 停下來做某事(stop后是將要做的事)。
He was tired, so he stopped to have a rest.
有時兩種形式會同時出現(xiàn)：He was tired, so he stopped working to have a rest.
2start / begin doing / to do 含義基本相同，但以下情況下start / begin后只接to do:
★若start / begin 已用進行時態(tài)時：He is just beginning / starting to write the letter.
★主語是物而不是人時：The ice began / started to melt. 冰開始融化。
★其后的動詞與想法、感情有關(guān)時：He began / started to understand it.
3forget / remember to do sth. 忘記 / 想起將要做的事。
forget / remember doing sth. 忘記 / 想起已經(jīng)做過的事。
4◆like doing sth. (因愛好而喜歡，表示一種習(xí)慣)
Jack lik
The old woman is alone in the house. 那位老婦一個人在屋里。
可當(dāng)副詞，修飾動詞：She lives alone. 她獨居。
Can you move the stone alone? 你能獨自搬動那塊兒石頭嗎?
Dick is walking on the beach alone. 狄克獨自在海灘漫步。
(注意：不可說very alone. 但可說very much alone.)
2lonely, “孤獨的;寂寞的”帶有傷感色彩。只當(dāng)形容詞。
可在系動詞后作表語：The old man is lonely.這位老人是孤獨的。
He has many relatives, but he feels lonely. 他有很多親戚，但感到孤獨。
(lonely 和心理感受有關(guān)，而alone和心理感受無關(guān)。)
也可在名詞前作定語：a lonely person一位孤獨的人
a lonely village一個偏僻的村莊 (而alone不可作定語)
56.belong to與be: This suit belongs to me / Lucy / my brother. (直接加人)
This suit is mine / Lucy’s / my son’s / hers. (某物是某人的，所以用名詞性物主代詞。)
57.by常見用法：1“通過”I study English by memorizing grammar.
You can know it by looking it up in a dictionary. He travels by bike.
2“截止到”Will you finish the task by tomorrow?
The train had left by the time he got there.
3“被”This novel was written by Lu Xun.
4“經(jīng)過”He passed by me without noticing me.
5“在……旁邊”Sit by me. They are playing by the river.
58.部分用in的短語： in a good way(用一個好方法), in the open air(在露天場所)
2that與上文所說是同一類，但不是同一個，常指不可數(shù)名詞。
The food in China is quite different from that in America.
The weather of Hainan is better than that of Gansu.
that也可指上文所說的事：
A: I had an accident and broke my legs. B: I’m sorry to hear that.
3 this 更多指下文所說的事：The reason is this : ………..
4one 指代上文所說的某類可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，指同一類物但不是同一個。
This sweater is too expensive, do you have another one?(也指毛衣，但不是上文那個)
77.at / by the end of, in the end 的區(qū)別：
1at the end of +時間點或地點，“在…的盡頭，在…的末尾”
They will have a sports meeting at the end of March. (時間)
He put some books at the end of the bed. (地點)
2by the end of +時間點，“截止到…末”
若接過去的時間點，常用過去完成時： We had built ten buildings by the end of 2002. They had planted six thousand trees by the end of last month.
若接將來的時間，常用一般將來時：We shall finish the work by the end of next month.
3in the end “最后”，后不加of 短語：
They wanted to find a place to rest in, in the end, they saw a village.
78.have gone to/have been to/have been in: 1have gone to+地點“已去了…(還未回來)” -I can’t find those children, where are they?
-They have gone to the farm. (去了農(nóng)場，不在這兒)
2have been to+地點“去過…(原來去過，現(xiàn)在已回) ”句尾常接次數(shù)或多個地點
或before，或句中常有ever, never等。
She has been to Qingdao three times. I have been to two big cities.
Have you been to Dalian before? I have never / ever been to Dalian.
I have never been there before. Where have you been? 你去哪兒了?(此行省略了to)
3have been in + 地點，“已在…(多久了) ”句尾常接for + 時間段，或since + 時間點 / 一般過去時的句子。
Peter has been in China for a long time.
I’ve been here for 2 hours / since 2 hours ago. (此短語省略了in)
79.all / whole用法：all (of) the land / all (of) the class / all (of) the students…【all 在定冠詞the 前】 the whole school / the whole country / the whole day… 【whole 在定冠詞the 后】
—22—
80.a bit / a little區(qū)別：都可作副詞，后直接加形容詞或副詞。
I’m a bit / a little hungry. She feels a bit / a little tired.
也都可作代詞(或形容詞)，后接不可數(shù)名詞，但有所不同：
I have only a little drink. She ate a little bread and went out. (a little 直接加名詞)
而下文：I have only a bit of drink. She ate a bit of bread. (a bit先加of，再跟名詞)
81.“擅長”與“不擅長”： “對…有利”與“對…有害”：
“擅長”：be good at / do well in He is good at math. = He does well in math.
“不擅長”：be bad in / be poor in / be weak in / do badly in
“對…有利”：be good for “對…有害”：be bad for
82. 表數(shù)量的詞與短語的部分用法：1none / all / some / most / more / plenty of / a lot of (lots of) / 后既可接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，也可接不可數(shù)名詞。 2many / (a) few / a number of / several只接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 3much / (a) little / a bit of只接不可數(shù)名詞。
83.易用錯的副詞：1really可修飾動詞、副詞和形容詞，常在它們前面。
I really love reading. I really miss you. (修飾動詞)
Tom speaks really quickly. 湯姆說得非常快。(修飾副詞)
It’s really kind of you. 你真好。 (修飾形容詞)
2very much常修飾動詞want, miss, hate, love, like, dislike, enjoy, take after(長得像…), move(使…感動), excite(使…激動)等等。常在句尾。
Jack wants to go there very much. 杰克很想去那兒。
I hate reciting the words very much. 我很討厭背單詞。
He enjoyed the film very much. 他很喜歡這部電影。
He takes after his mother very much. 他長得很像他媽媽。
(very much 不可修飾形容詞和副詞：I’m happy very much.是錯誤的。)
3very修飾形容詞和副詞，放在它們前面：
She is very kind. I am very happy. Peter speaks very slowly.
(very不可修飾動詞：I very like English. He very misses you.等類似結(jié)構(gòu)都是錯誤的。)
84.常用于現(xiàn)在完成時的詞或短語：for(后加時間段，句中謂語用延續(xù)性動詞);
since(后加時間點或一般過去時的句子，主句謂語用延續(xù)性動詞);
How long(對時間段或for與since引導(dǎo)的內(nèi)容提問，句中謂語也用延續(xù)性動詞)
in / all one’s life(在某人一生);in / during the past / last+時間段 (在最近的…時間內(nèi)) ;so far(“到目前為止”); ever;never;just;before(參見18之4) ;recently;.
—23—
yet(用于句尾，用在疑問句或否定句中);
already (用于句中或句尾，用在肯定的陳述句中)
其中ever, just, never, already在句中時常放在動詞過去分詞前面。如：He has just gone.
85.形容詞與副詞區(qū)別：1形容詞修飾名詞，作定語(劃線部分)：
She is a kind girl. What bad weather! I bought a new bike.
形容詞可在系動詞后，作表語(劃線部分)：
The girl is kind. His face turned red. It tastes sweet.
也可放在不定代詞或不定副詞后面作定語： somewhere warm; anything new (另見10)
2副詞(以下劃線部分)修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，也可修飾整個句子，如以下黑體字。
He ran quickly. Please speak in the class aloud. Tim lives alone. 修飾動詞
She is very angry. He felt too tired. I’m so lucky. 修飾形容詞
He got up quite early. She did it very well. 修飾副詞
Unluckily, I failed the English exam. 修飾整個句子
86.everyday與every day: everyday是形容詞，后接名詞，“日常的”。He is practicing everyday English. every day是副詞，作時間狀語，“每天”。We speak English every day.
87.everyone與every one: 1everyone“每個人;大家;所有人”，只指人。
后不接of短語。Everyone is here except Tom.
2every one“每一個”既可指人，也可指物。后常接of短語。
Every one of us has a dictionary. Every one of the trees is tall.
88.none與no one: 1no one“沒有一人”只指人, 后不接of短語。
No one has been to Beihai Park. No one told us about it.
(以上因后面無of短語，故不用none)
2none“沒有人;沒有任何東西”既可指人，也可指物;既可指可數(shù)名詞，也可指不可數(shù)名詞。后常接of短語。
None of the children has/have been to Beihai Park.
(此處指人。因后有of短語，故不用no one)
A: How many elephants did you see there? B: None.
(對話中none單獨用，不指人，故不用no one. 另見114)
89.乘交通工具之表達:1by bike / car / sea (ship) / air (plane) (前無冠詞，且不用復(fù)數(shù))
2on a horseback / his bike / the plane / a ship (有冠詞或限定詞)
He is talking with his teacher. May I talk to you?
(注意talk接人和接物時介詞搭配不同：talk with / to sb ; talk about sth)
2tell只作及物動詞,“告訴;講”。常接雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)(tell sb sth.)
Mr. Li told us an interesting story. Who told you the news?
3say必須接有內(nèi)容，或邏輯上有內(nèi)容作賓語。 (所接內(nèi)容見以下劃線部分)
Please say it in English. He said nothing. Please show me what to say..
“I disagree with you.” said Tom. What will you say? Do you have anything to say?
say 若接sb, 則需先加to: I must say sorry to you.
“I overslept this morning.” he said to me.
4speak ●“說話”不及物動詞。He spoke too fast for me to follow.
●接人時先加介詞to. May I speak to Mr. Smith?
●可表說話的能力。The baby can speak now. 這個嬰兒現(xiàn)在能說話。
There is something wrong with his throat, he can’t speak. 他的喉嚨有病，說不成話。
●也可譯為“演講，發(fā)言”Who will speak in the meeting?
●也可譯為“說”，作及物動詞，后接語言。Do you speak English / Chinese?
61.sometimes / some times / sometime / some time:
sometimes: “有時”=at times. He is sometimes late for school. (sometimes在be后)
I sometimes forgot my homework. (sometimes在實義動詞前)
Sometimes he becomes very angry. (sometimes 也可放在句首或句尾)
some times: “幾次”I have been to Nanjing some times.
sometime: “某一時刻” I bought it sometime last spring. 我去年春天某個時候買的它。
We’ll meet again sometime next week. 我們下星期某個時候會再見面的。
some time: “一段時間”We have to stay here for some time.
62.need 的用法：1need可當(dāng)情態(tài)動詞(和can等用法類似，但need只用于疑問句或否定句中)： Need I go now? (need 放在一般疑問句的開頭)
I needn’t tell you the answer. (否定句中直接在need后加not)
【當(dāng)情態(tài)動詞時，need無時態(tài)變化?！?BR> 2need 可當(dāng)行為動詞(和want 等用法類似)：
He needs a bike. (后可直接加名詞)
I need to go over my lessons. (后可接帶to不定式)
Do you need to have a rest? (一般疑問句中do, does, did在句首)
We don’t need to wait for her coming. (否定句中do, does, did提前)
—18—
【 注：need 后接表被動的內(nèi)容時，可表達為： The TV needs to be repaired.
= The TV needs repairing.】
63.do with 與deal with: 都譯為“處理，對付，安排，應(yīng)付”
What have you done with the milk? 用what提問。
How shall we deal with this problem? 用how提問。
下面兩句由此而來：Could you tell me what to do with the milk?
Could you tell me how to deal with this problem?
64.就近原則：常見的有：Either you or Lucy is wrong.
There is a dog and two cats in the yard. (there be句型)
Not only you but (also) I am strict in the work.
Neither you nor Lucy has seen the film before.
65.主謂一致：One / Neither of you is right. (單數(shù)謂語)
Tom, with his friends, has gone. (主語是Tom, 單數(shù)謂語)
This pair of shoes looks beautiful. (主語是pair, 謂語用單數(shù))
The shoes look beautiful. (此句主語無pair, 謂語用復(fù)數(shù))
Every boy and every girl has a chance to do it. (此結(jié)構(gòu)中用單數(shù)謂語)
The old need to be looked after carefully. The young are energetic.
(the 加形容詞表一類人或物，謂語用復(fù)數(shù))
Mr. and Mrs. Green are from America. 指格林夫婦 (復(fù)數(shù)謂語)
The teacher and writer is an able man. 指教師兼作家, 一個人，單數(shù)謂語。
Both you and I are excited about the news. (both…..and …做主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù))
the number of與a number of參見39. (分數(shù)表達見50, 其它見74之5)
66.quite / such / really用法之一：如果出現(xiàn)不定冠詞時，不定冠詞常放在后面。
It’s quite an easy question. He is quite a clever boy.
It’s such an important lesson.(另見33) Lily is really a lazy girl.
67.部分用what 提問的句型：
What size do you want? 你想要多大尺寸的?
What will you do with the problem? 你將怎樣處理這個問題?
What’s the population of China? 中國的人口是多少?
What day is it today?今天星期幾? What’s the date today? 今天幾月幾號?
What’s the price of this one? 這個價錢是多少?
What’s your address? 你的地址是什么?
—19—
What’s your phone number? 你的電話號碼是多少?
68.there be部分用法：●there be 后跟的是名詞。如：There will be rain tomorrow.
此處名詞rain不能用rainy, raining等形式。
●常有以下結(jié)構(gòu): there may / will / must / is going to / used to /…be. …
●there be中不可再出現(xiàn)have / has / had (譯為“有”) 的詞。
●there be 后接的是表示泛指的名詞，即不加the. There is a dog under the desk.
There is no water in the bottle. There are some books on the shelf.
●There is only a student taking notes now. (劃線部分邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系，動詞加ing)
There is no need to open the box. There are 20 trees to be planted. There is nothing to do.
(劃線部分邏輯上不是主謂關(guān)系，動詞常用帶to 不定式。)
●反意疑問句用法見45。
69.常見表否定的詞或短語:no, not, hardly, few, little, neither, nor, nothing, nobody, none, nowhere, never等.(但前綴如dis--, un--, in--, im--, mis--或后綴如—less等詞并不表否定。)
有些詞或短語有時在某些句型中也相當(dāng)于否定，如without, too…to…
without anything, too tired to go any further
70.常見后接動詞原形的詞或短語: why not / had better / please /would you please / let / make / 情態(tài)動詞，等等。 (have“使、讓”，可接動詞原形，其它用法，另見36)
【注意否定形式： had better / would you please / let直接加not + 動原;
而please加don’t + 動原】
71.常見后接動詞ing的詞或短語：finish / enjoy / practice / give up / end up / put off / consider / keep / feel like / prefer…to…/ can’t help(禁不住) / be busy / be worth(值得) / take turns(輪流) / miss(錯過) / spend / have fun / 介詞等。
72.常見后接帶to不定式的詞或短語：want / hope / wish / allow / encourage(鼓勵)/ ask / tell / pretend(假裝) / decide / plan / invite / urge / advise / warn / seem / in order (為了) 等等。
疑問詞后也可跟帶to不定式, 如how to do it。 it作形式主語，后也常有帶to不定式。
【否定形式：以上大多詞 + not + to do sth】
73.被動語態(tài) (be + 動詞過去分詞) 用法：1主動語態(tài)為下列情況時被動語態(tài)的變化：
一般情況：I saw the accident . →The accident was seen by me.
We often do homework at night. →Homework is often done at night.
雙賓情況:He told us a story.→We were told a story.(無to)→A story was told to us.(有to)
She passed me a pen.→I was passed a pen.(無to)→A pen was passed to me. (有to)
情態(tài)動詞:We can make a plan. →A plan can be made.
—20—
進行時態(tài):Tom is writing a letter.→A letter is being written by Tom. (be being done)
完成時態(tài)：I have finished the work. →The work has been finished. (have been done)
被動語態(tài)其它用法分別見6和36.
2被動語態(tài)常跟的介詞：(以下面短語為例)
be made in + 地點 These watches are made in Shanghai.
be made of + 眼睛可以看出的原材料 This desk is made of wood. (仍能看出木頭)
be made from +眼睛看不出的原材料 The paper is made from wood. (看不出木頭)
be used for + 目的 English is often used for business. (用于商業(yè)目的)
This machine is used for cutting things. (用于切割東西)
be used as …被用來當(dāng)作…… English is used as a foreign language in China.
be made by + 人 The model ship was made by Lily.
be filled with / be covered with是固定短語，分別譯為“被充滿了…”和“被覆蓋著…”
The room is filled with smoke. This bag is filled with rice.
The ground is covered with snow. The hill is covered with trees.
74.名詞或所屬格作定語：1強調(diào)性別時a man doctor / two men doctors ;
a woman teacher / six women teachers a man cleaner / some men cleaners
被修飾詞是單數(shù)時，性別也用單數(shù);被修飾詞是復(fù)數(shù)時，性別也用復(fù)數(shù)。
2a girl actor / four girl actors a boy player / two boy players
a bus station / some bus stations 復(fù)數(shù)只變被修飾的詞, 定語不再變復(fù)數(shù)。
3a boys’ team / a gentlemen’s holiday / Teachers’ Day / Children’s Day / Nurses’ Day……
“復(fù)數(shù) + ’s ” 作定語，譯為“…的…”
4Father’s Day / Mother’s Day 此處“單數(shù) + ’s ”作定語。
5and連接的名詞所屬格：Lucy’s and Ann’s fathers are workers. 分別是兩個人的爸爸，所以應(yīng)分別加 ’s，做主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。而下一句： Lucy and Ann’s father is very interesting. 兩人共有的爸爸，兩人后只加一個 ’s. 做主語時謂語用單數(shù)。
75.win與beat區(qū)別：都有“贏”的意思。 win后加物：I’m sure Jim will win the match.
We won the first place in the sports meeting. 我們贏了第一名。
而beat后加的是人，也可譯為“打敗”：I’m afraid they will beat us.
I hope we can beat the boys’ team. (男子隊，相當(dāng)于人。)
76.it / that / this / one當(dāng)代詞時的部分用法：1it 指上文的某個事物，和上文是同一個。
This book is very useful. I will take good care of it. it也可指上文所說的事：
My son has lost himself in the computer games. I’m worried about it.
in a hurry(匆忙), in pen / ink(用鋼筆 / 墨水) (見105), in style(時新的)
in the day(在白天)(見92), in different sizes(以不同的大小), in red(穿著紅衣服)in different shapes(以不同的形狀) in a difficult situation(在困難情況下)
in good health(身體健康) in a red coat(穿著紅外套)(見46), in English(用英語)
in the way(擋道) in a low voice(用低的聲音) in order to(為了，后接動詞原形)
59.比較級與級部分要點：1不規(guī)則形式或易錯形式：
much / many→more→most bad / badly / ill→worse→worst
far→farther / further→farthest / furthest little→less→least
few→fewer→fewest old→older / elder→oldest / eldest
2常見比較級/級句型：He runs faster than me. (有than, 用比較級)
He did better than any other student in the school. (用比較級。另見48的other用法，)
—16—
Tom is the cleverest boy in his class. (某個范圍內(nèi)，用級)
He is the taller of the two (boys). (兩者，用比較級。)
(注意：此句型中比較級前加the。而一般情況下比較級前不加the.級前才加the.)
He is the tallest of the three (boys) / of all. He jumped (the) farthest of the four.
(以上兩句都指三者或更多，用級。前句因the在形容詞級前，不可省略;而后句因the在副詞前， 可以省略。)
Which is better, tea or milk? (兩者選擇，用比較級。)
Which is the best, tea, milk or water? (三者或更多中選擇，用級。)
It’s the second longest river in China. (序數(shù)詞后的形容詞或副詞用級形式。)
3“越來越…”結(jié)構(gòu)：“比較級 + and + 比較級”
He cried harder and harder. 他哭得越來越厲害了。 She is getting taller and taller.
類似：bigger and bigger / happier and happier / fatter and fatter
/ stronger and stronger / richer and richer / worse and worse…
多音節(jié)詞或部分雙音節(jié)詞：more and more beautiful / slowly / carefully / interesting…
4“越…, 越…” “the+比較級”分別置于兩句的開頭，作為倒裝成份。
The more difficult English is, the harder you should study.英語越困難，你就要越努力。
The younger we are, the more energy we have. 我們越年輕，我們就越有活力。
The more you eat, the fatter you will get.你吃得越多，你就變得越胖。
5“越來越多的…”more and more + 名詞 (既有可數(shù)名詞，也有不可數(shù)名詞。)
More and more people are getting richer and richer.
We need more and more desks / paper / trees / water …. (與3所接形 / 副不同)
6“…得多”much + 形容詞 / 副詞比較級
This room is much bigger than that one.
類似：much taller / fatter / younger / heavier / faster / earlier / better…
注意多音節(jié)詞或部分雙音節(jié)詞：much more careful / difficult / tiring / mysterious…
7“另外的…(個) …”結(jié)構(gòu)：數(shù)量 + more + 名詞，如two more students“另兩個學(xué)生”
以下類似：one more towel, three more suits, many more tiles, much more truth,
some more meat, a lot more wood, a little more experience,
once more = one more time = again. 上述結(jié)構(gòu)有時也可用another + 數(shù)字 + 名詞替代：
five more trees = another five trees (記住詞的位置) (另見48， another)
60.talk, tell, say, speak: 1talk只作不及物動詞。
Don’t talk in class. Shall we talk about our English study? 3in his / a car (car前用in) 4on foot
5動詞短語: ride a bike / a horse; drive a car; walk; take a plane / taxi / bus; fly等。
90.kind of 與kinds of: 1kind of 單獨用，表示“有點”，后接形容詞或副詞：
He is kind of thin.”他有點瘦” I feel kind of hungry.”我有點餓”
Uncle Wang speaks kind of quickly. 王叔叔說得有點快。
2若kind of前有a, this, that, what等，譯為“種，種類” 后加名詞。
That kind of question is difficult to answer. 那類問題難回答。
What kind of sport do you like best? 你最喜歡何種運動?
3熟記一些短語：all kinds of...“各種各樣的...” many kinds of“很多種類的”
different kinds of“不同種類的” 后都加名詞。
91.rain / snow / wind的常見修飾詞：a strong wind“一陣強風(fēng)” a heavy rain
“一場大雨” heavy snow“大雪” (以上修飾詞與后面名詞組成了名詞短語)
blow hard“猛烈地吹” snow heavily“下大雪” rain hard / heavily“下大雨”
(以上修飾詞與前面動詞組成了動詞短語)
92.day的部分用法：1in eight days“8天后” (in + 時間段 “….時間后”. )
2in the day / daytime“在白天” (前加“in”)
3on Teachers’ Day / May Day on Monday(表節(jié)日或星期幾，前用”on”. 另見110)
4(in) those / these days“在過去 / 現(xiàn)在”= in the old days (用”in”)
5today, next / last / this / that / every / all day等前面常不加介詞。
93.個別名詞的部分用法：1family“家庭;家庭成員”指整體時，表示單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;指成員時，表示復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式：
His family is going to move. My family is large. (以上指整體，謂語用單數(shù))
My family are very well.我全家人很健康。 (指成員，謂語用復(fù)數(shù))
類似的還有：staff(職員)，class, team, public(公眾)，government等.
2有些名詞只表復(fù)數(shù)，謂語只用復(fù)數(shù)。如people, police, cattle等：
The police are searching for a man with a big nose. The cattle have been killed .
3deer, fish，sheep等詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式相同： a deer (一只鹿) / two deer (兩只鹿)
a fish (一條魚) / two fish (兩條魚) a sheep (一只羊) / some sheep (一些羊)
另外fish若表示種類時，復(fù)數(shù)要在后加es: two fishes(兩種魚)
4有些名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)有特殊形式：
—25—
man→men; woman→women; foot→feet; tooth→teeth;
mouse→mice; child→children; ox→oxen (公牛)
5有些名詞通常只有復(fù)數(shù)形式 (左右對稱的)：
scissors (剪刀) clothes(衣服) trousers (褲子) glasses(眼鏡)
6有些名詞只是不可數(shù)名詞： It’s such great fun. What fun! What good news!
I won’t do anything in such bad weather. Can you tell me some information?
I like music which is popular. 類似：a piece of chalk much knowledge
94.leave的用法：1leave可指“離開”leave Zhengzhou離開鄭州
leave Zhengzhou for Wuhan離開鄭州到武漢
leave for Wuhan動身到武漢 (for后接目的地，而不是出發(fā)地)
2leave留下;忘記 I left my backpack at home.
leave后接地點，而forget后無地點。如：Sorry, I forgot the money.
95. ill與sick的區(qū)別：1都可譯為“生病的”。ill只在系動詞后作表語：
Her mother was ill in bed. She feels ill today.
但sick既可作表語： Her mother was sick / ill in bed. (作表語常是美國英語用法)
也可作定語(即后接名詞)：Jane is taking care of her sick mother.
(此處是定語，不可用ill. 原因見下文ill用法)
2若ill作定語，譯為“壞的，惡劣的”an ill person一個壞人
sick作表語時也常譯為“惡心的，想吐的”。
The boy always feels sick when he travels by car.
96.return用法：1“返回”，相當(dāng)于“go back / get back / come back..
如：Ann will visit you when he returns to London.
(當(dāng)“返回”時是不及物動詞，先加to才可再加地點。另外，return已含有back的意思，后不可再跟back.)
2“歸還”，相當(dāng)于“give back”如：I have returned the dictionary.
(當(dāng)“歸還”時是及物動詞，后直接加物，不加to. 同樣不可再跟back.)
You should return the piano to Dick on time. (后接有人時，方可加to)
97.favourite 與own的類似結(jié)構(gòu): 形容詞性物主代詞 + favorite + 名詞 “某人最喜歡的...”。同樣，形容詞性物主代詞 + own + 名詞“某人自己的...”
如：My favorite animal is dog. He found his own bike.
—26—
98.stop / start (begin) / forget (remember) / like / go on等動詞：
1stop doing sth. 停止正在做的某事。He was tired, so he stopped working.
stop to do sth. 停下來做某事(stop后是將要做的事)。
He was tired, so he stopped to have a rest.
有時兩種形式會同時出現(xiàn)：He was tired, so he stopped working to have a rest.
2start / begin doing / to do 含義基本相同，但以下情況下start / begin后只接to do:
★若start / begin 已用進行時態(tài)時：He is just beginning / starting to write the letter.
★主語是物而不是人時：The ice began / started to melt. 冰開始融化。
★其后的動詞與想法、感情有關(guān)時：He began / started to understand it.
3forget / remember to do sth. 忘記 / 想起將要做的事。
forget / remember doing sth. 忘記 / 想起已經(jīng)做過的事。
4◆like doing sth. (因愛好而喜歡，表示一種習(xí)慣)
Jack lik