2014年中考英語復習要點：非謂語動詞
導航
1.動詞不定式作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語的用法。
2.動名詞的用法。
3.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的用法。
考點梳理
考點一 動詞不定式
動詞不定式的構成： to+動詞原形(有些動詞不定式需要不帶to)。它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化;在句中不能作謂語，但能保持動詞的特點。
1.作主語
常用it作形式主語，將真正的主語(動詞不定式)置于句末。常用句型結構為“It's+adj./n.+(for/of sb)+to do sth.”如：
To ask the teacher for help is necessary.
=It is necessary to ask the teacher for help.
向老師求教是必要的。
2.作賓語
(1)后接不定式作賓語的動詞有： want, try, decide, hope, need, wish, agree, expect, refuse, learn，remember, forget, would like/love等。如：
I hope __________ there before dark.
我希望天黑以前到那兒。
(2)在think, find, make等動詞后通常用it作形式賓語，而把不定式移至形容詞之后，構成“主語+動詞+it(形式賓語)+賓補(形容詞/名詞)+不定式”結構。如：
I found it difficult to solve the problem.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)解決這個問題很難。
3.作賓語補足語
(1)后面能接帶to的不定式作賓補的動詞有： tell, ask, allow, want, help, wish, teach, warn, invite, like, encourage等。如：
The teacher told us __________ Exercise 1.
老師要我們做練習一。
(2)在使役動詞let, make, have和感官動詞see，hear, watch, notice, feel, find等后要用不帶to的動詞不定式作賓補。但是，當上述動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后，其后的不定式必須補上to。如：
We often hear her sing. 我們經常聽見她唱歌。
→被動語態(tài)： She is often heard to sing.
她常被聽見唱歌。
4.作狀語
不定式作狀語，常見的有目的狀語、原因狀語、結果狀語等。
Later he left home to work in different cities.
后來他離開家到不同的城市工作。
5.作定語(須后置)
I don't have a partner to practice English with.
我沒有一個一起練習英語的同伴。
6.作表語
Their duty is ______ ____ the animals.
他們的職責是照看動物。
7. “疑問詞+不定式”結構
動詞不定式可以和疑問詞what, which, when, where, how等連用，構成不定式短語，在句中作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補足語等。如：
He doesn't know ________________.
他不知道要穿什么。(作賓語)
Where to go has not been decided.
要去哪里還未決定。(作主語)
[提醒] 動詞不定式的否定結構是： not to do sth。
【即時訓練】
1.【2013黑龍江綏化】14. Remember ________ off the lights when you leave the room, please.
A. to turn B. turning C. turn
2.【2013黑龍江齊齊哈爾】20. It takes me half an hour the piano every day.
A. play B. playing C. to play
3.【2013湖北隨州】34. —What did your teacher say this morning?
—She told us ______ make faces in class.
to not B. not to C. do not D. didn't
4.【2013四川涼山】32.When you move somewhere new, the first thing for you is to find a place .
A. to live B. living in C. to live in
5.【2013浙江舟山、嘉興】24. —I’m new here.
—Don’t worry. I’ll do what I can ________ you.
A. help B. to help C. invite D. to invite
6.【2013山東泰安】30. —Why is Linlin practicing speaking English?
—_______ abroad for further study.
A. Go B. Gone C. To go D. Goes
7.【2013山東青島】15. — Excuse me. Could you please tell me ______ my car?
—Sure. Park it right here. I’ll help you.
A. how to stop B. where to park C. where to stop D. when to park
8.【2013 甘肅白銀】59. The little boy pretended _______ when his mother came in.
A. sleeping B. asleep C. to asleep D. to be asleep
9.【2013 甘肅白銀】57. ——George was heard _______ just now. What happened?
——People was telling a joke.
A. to cry B. cry C. to laugh D. laugh
10.【2013黑龍江齊齊哈爾】27. Animals are our close friends. We are supposed them.
A. to protect B. protecting C. protect
導航
1.動詞不定式作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語的用法。
2.動名詞的用法。
3.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的用法。
考點梳理
考點一 動詞不定式
動詞不定式的構成： to+動詞原形(有些動詞不定式需要不帶to)。它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化;在句中不能作謂語，但能保持動詞的特點。
1.作主語
常用it作形式主語，將真正的主語(動詞不定式)置于句末。常用句型結構為“It's+adj./n.+(for/of sb)+to do sth.”如：
To ask the teacher for help is necessary.
=It is necessary to ask the teacher for help.
向老師求教是必要的。
2.作賓語
(1)后接不定式作賓語的動詞有： want, try, decide, hope, need, wish, agree, expect, refuse, learn，remember, forget, would like/love等。如：
I hope __________ there before dark.
我希望天黑以前到那兒。
(2)在think, find, make等動詞后通常用it作形式賓語，而把不定式移至形容詞之后，構成“主語+動詞+it(形式賓語)+賓補(形容詞/名詞)+不定式”結構。如：
I found it difficult to solve the problem.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)解決這個問題很難。
3.作賓語補足語
(1)后面能接帶to的不定式作賓補的動詞有： tell, ask, allow, want, help, wish, teach, warn, invite, like, encourage等。如：
The teacher told us __________ Exercise 1.
老師要我們做練習一。
(2)在使役動詞let, make, have和感官動詞see，hear, watch, notice, feel, find等后要用不帶to的動詞不定式作賓補。但是，當上述動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后，其后的不定式必須補上to。如：
We often hear her sing. 我們經常聽見她唱歌。
→被動語態(tài)： She is often heard to sing.
她常被聽見唱歌。
4.作狀語
不定式作狀語，常見的有目的狀語、原因狀語、結果狀語等。
Later he left home to work in different cities.
后來他離開家到不同的城市工作。
5.作定語(須后置)
I don't have a partner to practice English with.
我沒有一個一起練習英語的同伴。
6.作表語
Their duty is ______ ____ the animals.
他們的職責是照看動物。
7. “疑問詞+不定式”結構
動詞不定式可以和疑問詞what, which, when, where, how等連用，構成不定式短語，在句中作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補足語等。如：
He doesn't know ________________.
他不知道要穿什么。(作賓語)
Where to go has not been decided.
要去哪里還未決定。(作主語)
[提醒] 動詞不定式的否定結構是： not to do sth。
【即時訓練】
1.【2013黑龍江綏化】14. Remember ________ off the lights when you leave the room, please.
A. to turn B. turning C. turn
2.【2013黑龍江齊齊哈爾】20. It takes me half an hour the piano every day.
A. play B. playing C. to play
3.【2013湖北隨州】34. —What did your teacher say this morning?
—She told us ______ make faces in class.
to not B. not to C. do not D. didn't
4.【2013四川涼山】32.When you move somewhere new, the first thing for you is to find a place .
A. to live B. living in C. to live in
5.【2013浙江舟山、嘉興】24. —I’m new here.
—Don’t worry. I’ll do what I can ________ you.
A. help B. to help C. invite D. to invite
6.【2013山東泰安】30. —Why is Linlin practicing speaking English?
—_______ abroad for further study.
A. Go B. Gone C. To go D. Goes
7.【2013山東青島】15. — Excuse me. Could you please tell me ______ my car?
—Sure. Park it right here. I’ll help you.
A. how to stop B. where to park C. where to stop D. when to park
8.【2013 甘肅白銀】59. The little boy pretended _______ when his mother came in.
A. sleeping B. asleep C. to asleep D. to be asleep
9.【2013 甘肅白銀】57. ——George was heard _______ just now. What happened?
——People was telling a joke.
A. to cry B. cry C. to laugh D. laugh
10.【2013黑龍江齊齊哈爾】27. Animals are our close friends. We are supposed them.
A. to protect B. protecting C. protect