2014高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)：虛擬語(yǔ)氣
一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1) 概念
虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說(shuō)的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。
2) 在條件句中的應(yīng)用
條件句可分為兩類(lèi)，一類(lèi)為真實(shí)條件句，一類(lèi)為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
二、真實(shí)條件句
真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語(yǔ)氣，假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生，其中 if 是如果的意思。
時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系
句型： 條件從句主句
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) shall/will + 動(dòng)詞原形
If he comes, he will bring his violin.
典型例題
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A.will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained
答案B。真實(shí)條件句主句為將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
注意：
1) 在真實(shí)條件句中，主句不能用be going to表示將來(lái)，該用shall, will.
(錯(cuò)) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(對(duì)) If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2) 表示真理時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞便不用shall (will) +動(dòng)詞原形，而直接用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式。
三、非真實(shí)條件句
1)時(shí)態(tài)：可以表示過(guò)去，現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的情況。它的基本特點(diǎn)是時(shí)態(tài)退后。
a.同現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)
句型 ： 條件從句主句
一般過(guò)去時(shí)should( would) +動(dòng)詞原形
If they were here, they would help you.
b.表示于過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)
句型： 條件從句主句
過(guò)去完成時(shí)should(would) have+ 過(guò)去分詞
If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.
The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.
If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.
含義：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1) 概念
虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說(shuō)的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。
2) 在條件句中的應(yīng)用
條件句可分為兩類(lèi)，一類(lèi)為真實(shí)條件句，一類(lèi)為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
二、真實(shí)條件句
真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語(yǔ)氣，假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生，其中 if 是如果的意思。
時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系
句型： 條件從句主句
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) shall/will + 動(dòng)詞原形
If he comes, he will bring his violin.
典型例題
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A.will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained
答案B。真實(shí)條件句主句為將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
注意：
1) 在真實(shí)條件句中，主句不能用be going to表示將來(lái)，該用shall, will.
(錯(cuò)) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(對(duì)) If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2) 表示真理時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞便不用shall (will) +動(dòng)詞原形，而直接用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式。
三、非真實(shí)條件句
1)時(shí)態(tài)：可以表示過(guò)去，現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的情況。它的基本特點(diǎn)是時(shí)態(tài)退后。
a.同現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)
句型 ： 條件從句主句
一般過(guò)去時(shí)should( would) +動(dòng)詞原形
If they were here, they would help you.
b.表示于過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)
句型： 條件從句主句
過(guò)去完成時(shí)should(would) have+ 過(guò)去分詞
If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.
The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.
If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.
含義：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.