實(shí)驗(yàn)型文章的做題方法：
1、抓住實(shí)驗(yàn)代表人物
2、抓住實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?BR> 1）通常為實(shí)驗(yàn)開(kāi)始前的動(dòng)詞不定式
2）實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?實(shí)驗(yàn)型文章的主題
3、抓住實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果：實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果-----直接結(jié)果和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
21. The purpose of George Spilich's experiments is _________.
A) to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokers
B) to show how smoking damages people's mental capacity
C) to prove that smoking affects people's regular performance
D) to find out whether smoking helps people's short-term memory
22. George Spilich's experiment was conducted in such a way as to _________.
A) compel the subjects to separate major information from minor details
B) put the subjects through increasingly complex tests
C) check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokers
D) register the prompt responses of the subjects
23. The word "bested" (Line 3, Para. 5) most probably means ________.
A) beat
B) envied
C) caught up with
D) made the best of
24. Which of the following statements is true?
A) Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers.
B) Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects.
C) Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.
D) Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks.
25. We can infer from the last paragraph that _________.
A) smokers should not expect to become airline pilots
B) smoking in emergency cases causes mental illness
C) no airline pilots smoke during flights
D) smokers may prove unequal to handling emergency cases
Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether as many smokers say, smoking helps them to "think and concentrate." Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived (被剝奪) of cigarettes through a series of tests.
注：1.concentrate 集中注意力 2.第一段交待實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象，實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?BR> In the first test, each subject (試驗(yàn)對(duì)象) sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple tests smokers, deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well.
注：第一句實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程即細(xì)節(jié)，應(yīng)該速讀，第二句實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果
The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.
注：1.第一句實(shí)驗(yàn)細(xì)節(jié)stimulation 刺激
In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers.
注：committee=do （壞事） commite a crime
The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Nonsmokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details.
注：1.首句為實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程第二句為實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，作比較，可簡(jiǎn)寫為 Nonsmoker remembered more than active smoker劃線的部分指的是active smoker. 即deprived smoker bested active smokerbest v. 勝過(guò)
23. The word "bested" (Line 3, Para. 5) most probably means ________.
A) beat
B) envied
C) caught up with
D) made the best of
注：詞匯題，根據(jù)第5段末句的意思可推斷為A選項(xiàng)。
"As our tests became more complex." Sums up Spilich, "non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins," He predicts, "smokers might perform adequately at many jobs - until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity."
注：1.by wide margin 差距大 margine 差距；頁(yè)邊空白處，利潤(rùn)perform 執(zhí)行，表演末句為重要句：
尤其是末句出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折時(shí)或者末句為結(jié)論時(shí)。本句出現(xiàn)了butmental 思維的，精神的 mental capacity 思維能力
25. We can infer from the last paragraph that _________.
A) smokers should not expect to become airline pilots
B) smoking in emergency cases causes mental illness
C) no airline pilots smoke during flights
D) smokers may prove unequal to handling emergency cases
注：1.此題為推理題，選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)為文章相應(yīng)內(nèi)容的同義改寫根據(jù)選項(xiàng)定位最后一段末句，重點(diǎn)在but后面prove unequal to 無(wú)法勝任，D項(xiàng)為but后的同義改寫C選項(xiàng)首先是過(guò)度推理，其次no+n.為絕對(duì)語(yǔ)氣詞，通常為干擾，帶有可能性語(yǔ)氣詞的選項(xiàng)通常為優(yōu)選(不但適用于推理題，而且適用于所有題型)
"As our tests became more complex." Sums up Spilich, "non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins," He predicts, "smokers might perform adequately at many jobs - until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity."
21. The purpose of George Spilich' s experiments is _________.
A) to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokers
B) to show how smoking damages people's mental capacity
C) to prove that smoking affects people's regular performance
D) to find out whether smoking helps people's short-term memory
注：實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康念}，A 項(xiàng)為第一段實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康耐x改寫，B,C 項(xiàng)為吸煙的負(fù)面影響與文中意思相反
Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether as many smokers say, smoking helps them to "think and concentrate." Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived (被剝奪) of cigarettes through a series of tests.
22. George Spilich' s experiment was conducted in such a way as to _________.
A) compel the subjects to separate major information from minor details
B) put the subjects through increasingly complex tests
C) check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokers
D) register the prompt responses of the subjects
注：1.題目中沒(méi)有具體指出是哪一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，所以就是針對(duì)所有提到的實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)說(shuō)。A 涉及文章倒數(shù)第二段的實(shí)驗(yàn)。
The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Nonsmokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details.
3.C 涉及文章第三段的實(shí)驗(yàn)。
The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.
4.D 選項(xiàng)也只涉及文章中某一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。
23. The word "bested" (Line 3, Para. 5) most probably means ________.
A) beat
B) envied
C) caught up with
D) made the best of
注：詞匯題，根據(jù)第5段末句的意思可推斷為A選項(xiàng)。
24. Which of the following statements is true?
A) Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers.
B) Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects.
C) Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.
D) Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks.
注：C選項(xiàng)是第一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well
1、抓住實(shí)驗(yàn)代表人物
2、抓住實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?BR> 1）通常為實(shí)驗(yàn)開(kāi)始前的動(dòng)詞不定式
2）實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?實(shí)驗(yàn)型文章的主題
3、抓住實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果：實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果-----直接結(jié)果和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
21. The purpose of George Spilich's experiments is _________.
A) to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokers
B) to show how smoking damages people's mental capacity
C) to prove that smoking affects people's regular performance
D) to find out whether smoking helps people's short-term memory
22. George Spilich's experiment was conducted in such a way as to _________.
A) compel the subjects to separate major information from minor details
B) put the subjects through increasingly complex tests
C) check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokers
D) register the prompt responses of the subjects
23. The word "bested" (Line 3, Para. 5) most probably means ________.
A) beat
B) envied
C) caught up with
D) made the best of
24. Which of the following statements is true?
A) Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers.
B) Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects.
C) Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.
D) Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks.
25. We can infer from the last paragraph that _________.
A) smokers should not expect to become airline pilots
B) smoking in emergency cases causes mental illness
C) no airline pilots smoke during flights
D) smokers may prove unequal to handling emergency cases
Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether as many smokers say, smoking helps them to "think and concentrate." Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived (被剝奪) of cigarettes through a series of tests.
注：1.concentrate 集中注意力 2.第一段交待實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象，實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?BR> In the first test, each subject (試驗(yàn)對(duì)象) sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple tests smokers, deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well.
注：第一句實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程即細(xì)節(jié)，應(yīng)該速讀，第二句實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果
The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.
注：1.第一句實(shí)驗(yàn)細(xì)節(jié)stimulation 刺激
In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers.
注：committee=do （壞事） commite a crime
The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Nonsmokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details.
注：1.首句為實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程第二句為實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，作比較，可簡(jiǎn)寫為 Nonsmoker remembered more than active smoker劃線的部分指的是active smoker. 即deprived smoker bested active smokerbest v. 勝過(guò)
23. The word "bested" (Line 3, Para. 5) most probably means ________.
A) beat
B) envied
C) caught up with
D) made the best of
注：詞匯題，根據(jù)第5段末句的意思可推斷為A選項(xiàng)。
"As our tests became more complex." Sums up Spilich, "non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins," He predicts, "smokers might perform adequately at many jobs - until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity."
注：1.by wide margin 差距大 margine 差距；頁(yè)邊空白處，利潤(rùn)perform 執(zhí)行，表演末句為重要句：
尤其是末句出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折時(shí)或者末句為結(jié)論時(shí)。本句出現(xiàn)了butmental 思維的，精神的 mental capacity 思維能力
25. We can infer from the last paragraph that _________.
A) smokers should not expect to become airline pilots
B) smoking in emergency cases causes mental illness
C) no airline pilots smoke during flights
D) smokers may prove unequal to handling emergency cases
注：1.此題為推理題，選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)為文章相應(yīng)內(nèi)容的同義改寫根據(jù)選項(xiàng)定位最后一段末句，重點(diǎn)在but后面prove unequal to 無(wú)法勝任，D項(xiàng)為but后的同義改寫C選項(xiàng)首先是過(guò)度推理，其次no+n.為絕對(duì)語(yǔ)氣詞，通常為干擾，帶有可能性語(yǔ)氣詞的選項(xiàng)通常為優(yōu)選(不但適用于推理題，而且適用于所有題型)
"As our tests became more complex." Sums up Spilich, "non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins," He predicts, "smokers might perform adequately at many jobs - until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity."
21. The purpose of George Spilich' s experiments is _________.
A) to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokers
B) to show how smoking damages people's mental capacity
C) to prove that smoking affects people's regular performance
D) to find out whether smoking helps people's short-term memory
注：實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康念}，A 項(xiàng)為第一段實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康耐x改寫，B,C 項(xiàng)為吸煙的負(fù)面影響與文中意思相反
Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether as many smokers say, smoking helps them to "think and concentrate." Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived (被剝奪) of cigarettes through a series of tests.
22. George Spilich' s experiment was conducted in such a way as to _________.
A) compel the subjects to separate major information from minor details
B) put the subjects through increasingly complex tests
C) check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokers
D) register the prompt responses of the subjects
注：1.題目中沒(méi)有具體指出是哪一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，所以就是針對(duì)所有提到的實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)說(shuō)。A 涉及文章倒數(shù)第二段的實(shí)驗(yàn)。
The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Nonsmokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details.
3.C 涉及文章第三段的實(shí)驗(yàn)。
The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.
4.D 選項(xiàng)也只涉及文章中某一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。
23. The word "bested" (Line 3, Para. 5) most probably means ________.
A) beat
B) envied
C) caught up with
D) made the best of
注：詞匯題，根據(jù)第5段末句的意思可推斷為A選項(xiàng)。
24. Which of the following statements is true?
A) Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers.
B) Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects.
C) Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.
D) Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks.
注：C選項(xiàng)是第一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well