Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but—regardless of whether it is or isn't—we won't do much about it. (08.6 Passage 1)
分析主干：Global warming may or may not be the crisis... but we won‘t do much...
句子主干是個(gè)并列句，由but 連接的兩個(gè)分句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。前一個(gè)分句用了復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，是肯定形式和否定形式并列的結(jié)構(gòu)，利用了情態(tài)動(dòng)詞來(lái)省略。后一個(gè)分句包含一個(gè)復(fù)雜介詞regardless of 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)，表示“不管”，of 后面接了一個(gè)whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
譯文：全球變暖有可能是21世紀(jì)巨大的環(huán)境危機(jī)，也有可能不是，但是—無(wú)論它是或不是—我們都對(duì)此無(wú)能為力。
A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is “slipping away, and that bothers me.”(08.6 Passage 2)
分析主干：A survey found an (overwhelming) pessimism...
句中with 引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，其后帶了復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(即賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ))。該復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)用現(xiàn)在分詞saying 作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，saying 還帶了一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句they feel...，而feel 也帶有賓語(yǔ)從句，由and 連接兩個(gè)分句their privacy is slipping away 和that bothers me 構(gòu)成。
譯文：一次調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)人們對(duì)于隱私普遍持悲觀態(tài)度，60%的受訪者說(shuō)他們覺(jué)得隱私正在“離自己遠(yuǎn)去，而這讓我很憂(yōu)心。”
The first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. (06.6 Passage 1)
分析主干：The first study... has found that...
不定式to compare...作定語(yǔ)修飾the first study，that 引導(dǎo)的從句至句末，作found的賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)從句用了同級(jí)比較結(jié)構(gòu)as... as，句中，是they are likely to tell lies inphone 和they are (likely to tell lies) in emails 進(jìn)行比較。
譯文：第一個(gè)在各種不同的通訊媒介中對(duì)比誠(chéng)實(shí)度的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們?cè)陔娫?huà)談話(huà)中說(shuō)謊的可能性是他們?cè)陔娮余]件中說(shuō)謊的可能性的兩倍。
The executives acknowledge that they try to swing national eating habits to a food created in America, but they deny that amounts to economic imperialism. (06.1 Passage 1)
分析主干：The executives acknowledge that..., but they deny that...
but 引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)并列的表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的分句，兩個(gè)分句結(jié)構(gòu)相似，都帶了賓語(yǔ)從句。句中swing 意思是“改變”;created 是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，作a food 的后置定語(yǔ)。
譯文：高層管理者承認(rèn)，他們?cè)谠噲D把全國(guó)的飲食習(xí)慣都轉(zhuǎn)向一種在美國(guó)創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的食物上，但是他們否認(rèn)把這一行為等同于經(jīng)濟(jì)上的帝國(guó)主義行為。
The high numbers show how very confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading. (05.6 Passage 2)
分析主干：The high numbers show...
how 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，how 是感嘆連詞，it 是形式主語(yǔ)，不定式to sort...misleading 是真正的主語(yǔ)，該不定式短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)consumers 用for 引導(dǎo)。
譯文：這些龐大的數(shù)字表明，消費(fèi)者想要從這些具有誤導(dǎo)性的環(huán)保聲明中區(qū)分出真正的事實(shí)是多么的困難。
But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. (06.6 Passage 1)
分析主干：Hancock says...
句中，says 后的內(nèi)容都作賓語(yǔ)。在該賓語(yǔ)從句中，it 是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的兩個(gè)由and 并列連接的whether 引導(dǎo)的從句。
譯文：但是Hancock 說(shuō)，有一點(diǎn)也很關(guān)鍵，那就是談話(huà)是否被記錄下來(lái)、可以重新讀取，以及談話(huà)是否是實(shí)時(shí)發(fā)生。
It has been shown that words having certain connotations (含義) may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. (05.6 Passage 1)
分析主干：it has been shown that...
句首It 是形式主語(yǔ)，that 引導(dǎo)的從句作句子的真正主語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)從句中，主語(yǔ)words后面有一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)having...作后置定語(yǔ);謂語(yǔ)則是“動(dòng)詞(cause)+賓語(yǔ)(us)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(to react...)”結(jié)構(gòu);介詞短語(yǔ)in ways...是react 的方式狀語(yǔ)。
譯文：據(jù)表明，具有某些含義的詞語(yǔ)可能會(huì)使人產(chǎn)生一些反應(yīng)，而我們認(rèn)為這些反應(yīng)是違背我們正常的人性化行為的。
If you say to your children "I'm sorry I got angry with you, but...“what follows that ”but“can render the apology ineffective:“I had a bad day“ or “your noise was giving me a headache” leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology. (06.1 Passage 2)
分析主干：what follows that ”but“can render the apology ineffective:...
if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，say 后面引號(hào)里的直接引語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)。主句的主語(yǔ)是what 引導(dǎo)的從句，“緊跟在這個(gè)‘但是’之后的內(nèi)容”;謂語(yǔ)部分是“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，ineffective 是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。冒號(hào)后的內(nèi)容是對(duì)前文的進(jìn)一步解釋?zhuān)瑑蓚€(gè)引號(hào)中的直接引語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)部分也是“動(dòng)詞(leaves)+賓語(yǔ)(the person who...)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(現(xiàn)在分詞feeling that...)”的結(jié)構(gòu)。
譯文：如果你對(duì)你的孩子說(shuō)，“很抱歉我生你的氣了，但是......”，這個(gè)“但是”后面的話(huà)可能會(huì)使你的道歉毫無(wú)效果。“我今天很倒霉”或者“你吵得我頭疼”諸如此類(lèi)的話(huà)使受到傷害的那個(gè)人感覺(jué)在期待你向他道歉的同時(shí)，他應(yīng)該為他所做的事情而向你道歉。
The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. (08.6 Passage 1)
分析主干：The (practical) conclusion is that...
that 引導(dǎo)的從句在句中作表語(yǔ)。該表語(yǔ)從句中包含if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句：“要是......”。
譯文：比較實(shí)際的結(jié)論是，如果全球變暖是一個(gè)潛在的災(zāi)難，那么的解決辦法就是新技術(shù)。
分析主干：Global warming may or may not be the crisis... but we won‘t do much...
句子主干是個(gè)并列句，由but 連接的兩個(gè)分句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。前一個(gè)分句用了復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，是肯定形式和否定形式并列的結(jié)構(gòu)，利用了情態(tài)動(dòng)詞來(lái)省略。后一個(gè)分句包含一個(gè)復(fù)雜介詞regardless of 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)，表示“不管”，of 后面接了一個(gè)whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
譯文：全球變暖有可能是21世紀(jì)巨大的環(huán)境危機(jī)，也有可能不是，但是—無(wú)論它是或不是—我們都對(duì)此無(wú)能為力。
A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is “slipping away, and that bothers me.”(08.6 Passage 2)
分析主干：A survey found an (overwhelming) pessimism...
句中with 引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，其后帶了復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(即賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ))。該復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)用現(xiàn)在分詞saying 作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，saying 還帶了一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句they feel...，而feel 也帶有賓語(yǔ)從句，由and 連接兩個(gè)分句their privacy is slipping away 和that bothers me 構(gòu)成。
譯文：一次調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)人們對(duì)于隱私普遍持悲觀態(tài)度，60%的受訪者說(shuō)他們覺(jué)得隱私正在“離自己遠(yuǎn)去，而這讓我很憂(yōu)心。”
The first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. (06.6 Passage 1)
分析主干：The first study... has found that...
不定式to compare...作定語(yǔ)修飾the first study，that 引導(dǎo)的從句至句末，作found的賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)從句用了同級(jí)比較結(jié)構(gòu)as... as，句中，是they are likely to tell lies inphone 和they are (likely to tell lies) in emails 進(jìn)行比較。
譯文：第一個(gè)在各種不同的通訊媒介中對(duì)比誠(chéng)實(shí)度的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們?cè)陔娫?huà)談話(huà)中說(shuō)謊的可能性是他們?cè)陔娮余]件中說(shuō)謊的可能性的兩倍。
The executives acknowledge that they try to swing national eating habits to a food created in America, but they deny that amounts to economic imperialism. (06.1 Passage 1)
分析主干：The executives acknowledge that..., but they deny that...
but 引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)并列的表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的分句，兩個(gè)分句結(jié)構(gòu)相似，都帶了賓語(yǔ)從句。句中swing 意思是“改變”;created 是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，作a food 的后置定語(yǔ)。
譯文：高層管理者承認(rèn)，他們?cè)谠噲D把全國(guó)的飲食習(xí)慣都轉(zhuǎn)向一種在美國(guó)創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的食物上，但是他們否認(rèn)把這一行為等同于經(jīng)濟(jì)上的帝國(guó)主義行為。
The high numbers show how very confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading. (05.6 Passage 2)
分析主干：The high numbers show...
how 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，how 是感嘆連詞，it 是形式主語(yǔ)，不定式to sort...misleading 是真正的主語(yǔ)，該不定式短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)consumers 用for 引導(dǎo)。
譯文：這些龐大的數(shù)字表明，消費(fèi)者想要從這些具有誤導(dǎo)性的環(huán)保聲明中區(qū)分出真正的事實(shí)是多么的困難。
But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. (06.6 Passage 1)
分析主干：Hancock says...
句中，says 后的內(nèi)容都作賓語(yǔ)。在該賓語(yǔ)從句中，it 是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的兩個(gè)由and 并列連接的whether 引導(dǎo)的從句。
譯文：但是Hancock 說(shuō)，有一點(diǎn)也很關(guān)鍵，那就是談話(huà)是否被記錄下來(lái)、可以重新讀取，以及談話(huà)是否是實(shí)時(shí)發(fā)生。
It has been shown that words having certain connotations (含義) may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. (05.6 Passage 1)
分析主干：it has been shown that...
句首It 是形式主語(yǔ)，that 引導(dǎo)的從句作句子的真正主語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)從句中，主語(yǔ)words后面有一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)having...作后置定語(yǔ);謂語(yǔ)則是“動(dòng)詞(cause)+賓語(yǔ)(us)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(to react...)”結(jié)構(gòu);介詞短語(yǔ)in ways...是react 的方式狀語(yǔ)。
譯文：據(jù)表明，具有某些含義的詞語(yǔ)可能會(huì)使人產(chǎn)生一些反應(yīng)，而我們認(rèn)為這些反應(yīng)是違背我們正常的人性化行為的。
If you say to your children "I'm sorry I got angry with you, but...“what follows that ”but“can render the apology ineffective:“I had a bad day“ or “your noise was giving me a headache” leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology. (06.1 Passage 2)
分析主干：what follows that ”but“can render the apology ineffective:...
if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，say 后面引號(hào)里的直接引語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)。主句的主語(yǔ)是what 引導(dǎo)的從句，“緊跟在這個(gè)‘但是’之后的內(nèi)容”;謂語(yǔ)部分是“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，ineffective 是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。冒號(hào)后的內(nèi)容是對(duì)前文的進(jìn)一步解釋?zhuān)瑑蓚€(gè)引號(hào)中的直接引語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)部分也是“動(dòng)詞(leaves)+賓語(yǔ)(the person who...)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(現(xiàn)在分詞feeling that...)”的結(jié)構(gòu)。
譯文：如果你對(duì)你的孩子說(shuō)，“很抱歉我生你的氣了，但是......”，這個(gè)“但是”后面的話(huà)可能會(huì)使你的道歉毫無(wú)效果。“我今天很倒霉”或者“你吵得我頭疼”諸如此類(lèi)的話(huà)使受到傷害的那個(gè)人感覺(jué)在期待你向他道歉的同時(shí)，他應(yīng)該為他所做的事情而向你道歉。
The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. (08.6 Passage 1)
分析主干：The (practical) conclusion is that...
that 引導(dǎo)的從句在句中作表語(yǔ)。該表語(yǔ)從句中包含if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句：“要是......”。
譯文：比較實(shí)際的結(jié)論是，如果全球變暖是一個(gè)潛在的災(zāi)難，那么的解決辦法就是新技術(shù)。