Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. (07.6 Passage 1)
分析主干:I have given them this: the visual...
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞give 帶雙賓語(yǔ),them 和this。冒號(hào)后的the visual 是this 的同位語(yǔ),對(duì)this 予以詳細(xì)說(shuō)明。visual 由介詞短語(yǔ)of...修飾,of 的賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)doing...;該動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)是their physics professor。
譯文:相反,我給她們的是這么一幅畫(huà)面:她們的物理學(xué)教授挺著大肚子做物理試驗(yàn)。
Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. (08.12 Passage 2)
分析主干:Customers can also improve experiences (by...)
1.介詞by 后面動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)filing...作賓語(yǔ),表示手段或方式。instead of...短語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的內(nèi)容相當(dāng)于filing 的轉(zhuǎn)折并列成分。
2.注意動(dòng)詞filing(不是filling),意思是“正式提出”。
譯文:消費(fèi)者也可以采取措施改善以后的購(gòu)物體驗(yàn)。他們可以直接向商家投訴,而不是到處散布自己不愉快的經(jīng)歷。
According to an article in The Wall Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands on the menu without prices, and pouring bottled water without even asking the diners if they want it. (06.12 Passage 1)
分析主干:some (of...) include placing..., listing..., and pouring...
本句理解的難點(diǎn)在于辨別三個(gè)并列的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ),它們都是include 的賓語(yǔ)。shameless tactics 指“厚顏無(wú)恥的促銷(xiāo)手段”,visual sell 是“視覺(jué)銷(xiāo)售”。句末if 引導(dǎo)的從句是ask 的賓語(yǔ):甚至都不問(wèn)問(wèn)就餐者是否需要就給他們倒上瓶裝水。
譯文:《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》上的一篇文章說(shuō),一些更無(wú)恥的銷(xiāo)售策略包括把誘人的瓶子放在桌子上作為視覺(jué)賣(mài)點(diǎn),把品牌名寫(xiě)在菜單上而不標(biāo)明價(jià)格,或者連問(wèn)都不問(wèn)一聲消費(fèi)者就直接把瓶裝水倒給顧客。
A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parent‘s clothes without permission is not. (06.1 Passage 2)
分析主干:A 12-year-old might need to be shown that... but that...
本句是show sb. that...結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),that 從句依然充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)是but 并列連接的兩個(gè)that 引導(dǎo)的從句。兩個(gè)從句都用動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)(raiding..., borrowing...)作主語(yǔ)。
作者把孩子心急地打開(kāi)餅干盒的動(dòng)作稱(chēng)為raiding(襲擊)。富有幽默感。
譯文:一個(gè)12歲的孩子可能需要人告訴他,不用得到許可就把餅干盒掃光是可以接受的,但是,沒(méi)有得到許可就借走父母的衣服是不能接受的。
In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way. (05.6 Passage 1)
分析主干:players have been observed to...
不定式to throw...在句中作主語(yǔ)players 的補(bǔ)語(yǔ);這是observe sb. do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的省to 的不定式在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),要把to 還原。動(dòng)名詞considering...作介詞without 的賓語(yǔ),介詞短語(yǔ)without considering...作throw 的狀語(yǔ)。
譯文:在比賽的白熱化階段,人們注意到球員從球場(chǎng)的這頭狂奔到球場(chǎng)那頭,根本就沒(méi)有考慮到他這樣的動(dòng)作會(huì)對(duì)阻擋他的其他球員產(chǎn)生什么樣的后果。
Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. (09.12 Passage 1) 分析主干:little is known (about...) 1.Because 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。 2.主句中的介詞about 帶有三個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句,分別由who, what 和what 引導(dǎo)。 3.句中的features 在媒體中指“專(zhuān)題介紹、特寫(xiě)報(bào)道”。 譯文:因?yàn)閹缀鯖](méi)有主流刊物對(duì)一般的非裔美國(guó)婦女進(jìn)行過(guò)深入的專(zhuān)題報(bào)道,人們幾乎不了解我們的性情、我們的思想和我們通常所面臨的問(wèn)題。
Many African-American blogs have written about what they‘d like to see Michelle bring to the White House—mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. (09.12 Passage 1) 分析主干:Many blogs have written (about...) 1.what 引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞about 的賓語(yǔ)。 2.該賓語(yǔ)從句用了see sb. do 的結(jié)構(gòu)。bring(what) to...“給......帶來(lái)什么東西”是省略to 的不定式作賓語(yǔ)Michelle 的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。 3.破折號(hào)后的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作what 的同位語(yǔ),也就是Michelle 帶到白宮的東西的內(nèi)容。raise a family 中的family 指“孩子”,整個(gè)詞組的意思是“養(yǎng)家糊口”。 譯文:很多非裔美國(guó)人在他們的博客中寫(xiě)到,他們想看到米歇爾會(huì)給白宮帶來(lái)些什么要—主要是向世界展示,一個(gè)黑人婦女有能力支持她的丈夫,并操持一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的黑人家庭。 The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water showup in people‘s hair. (09.6 Passage 2) 分析主干:The method relies on... 本句難點(diǎn)在理解measuring 的賓語(yǔ),它就是how 引導(dǎo)的從句。從句的主干是:how variations... show up...。 譯文:這種方法的依據(jù)是測(cè)量飲用水中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)在人的頭發(fā)中的變化。
Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. (09.12 Passage 1) 分析主干:little is known (about...) 1.Because 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。 2.主句中的介詞about 帶有三個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句,分別由who, what 和what 引導(dǎo)。 3.句中的features 在媒體中指“專(zhuān)題介紹、特寫(xiě)報(bào)道”。 譯文:因?yàn)閹缀鯖](méi)有主流刊物對(duì)一般的非裔美國(guó)婦女進(jìn)行過(guò)深入的專(zhuān)題報(bào)道,人們幾乎不了解我們的性情、我們的思想和我們通常所面臨的問(wèn)題。
Many African-American blogs have written about what they‘d like to see Michelle bring to the White House—mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. (09.12 Passage 1) 分析主干:Many blogs have written (about...) 1.what 引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞about 的賓語(yǔ)。 2.該賓語(yǔ)從句用了see sb. do 的結(jié)構(gòu)。bring(what) to...“給......帶來(lái)什么東西”是省略to 的不定式作賓語(yǔ)Michelle 的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。 3.破折號(hào)后的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作what 的同位語(yǔ),也就是Michelle 帶到白宮的東西的內(nèi)容。raise a family 中的family 指“孩子”,整個(gè)詞組的意思是“養(yǎng)家糊口”。 譯文:很多非裔美國(guó)人在他們的博客中寫(xiě)到,他們想看到米歇爾會(huì)給白宮帶來(lái)些什么要—主要是向世界展示,一個(gè)黑人婦女有能力支持她的丈夫,并操持一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的黑人家庭。 The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water showup in people‘s hair. (09.6 Passage 2) 分析主干:The method relies on... 本句難點(diǎn)在理解measuring 的賓語(yǔ),它就是how 引導(dǎo)的從句。從句的主干是:how variations... show up...。 譯文:這種方法的依據(jù)是測(cè)量飲用水中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)在人的頭發(fā)中的變化。