★英語資源頻道為大家整理的雙語新聞報道：2013年中國出境游9大重要發(fā)展，小編在這里祝大家新春快樂，馬年吉祥。更多閱讀請查看本站英語資源頻道。
In the year that just ended, China has consolidated its position as the No.1 global tourism source market in terms of both number of trips and money spent on international travel. There have at the same time been further profound changes in the framework of outbound travel from Mainland China and in the behaviour of the travellers themselves.
在剛剛結(jié)束的一年中，無論是從游客數(shù)量還是從國際旅游開支上來看，中國都鞏固了其作為全球旅游客源市場的地位。同時，在中國大陸出境游框架以及游客自身行為方面出現(xiàn)了一些深遠的變化。
Here is a look back at nine important developments in China’s outbound tourism in the year 2013:
下面我們一起來回顧一下2013年中國出境游的九大重要發(fā)展：
1. Quantitative growth
2. New push factor pollution
3. New push factor overcrowding
4. Encouragement by new Chinese Government
5. Visa policy dominos starting to fall
6. Move towards more self-organised trips
7. Move towards new destinations
8. Chinese investors shopping spree
9. Major players enter the scene
1. Quantitative growth continued in 2013. With more than 72 million border crossings reported for the first nine months of 2013 alone, the total number will probably land somewhere between the 95 million my institute COTRI forecast at the beginning of 2013 and the 98 million CTA (China Tourism Academy) recently predicted. Spending will have jumped to more than 120 billion US$, high above the 80something billion US$ spent by Germans and US-Americans respectively. Chinese statistics stay however as opaque as ever, who and what exactly is included or excluded in these numbers remains a secret. In any case the importance of the Chinese source market for an increasing number of destinations is not to be doubted, even if you allow some margin of error in the numbers.
1. 2013年出境游人數(shù)繼續(xù)增長。據(jù)報道，單是2013年前9個月出境旅游就超過7,200萬人次，全年的出境游客數(shù)量將可能在9,500萬到9,800萬之間，前者是我所在的中國出境游研究所（COTRI）在2013年初所做的預(yù)測，后者則是中國旅游研究院（China Tourism Academy，簡稱CTA）最近的預(yù)測數(shù)據(jù)。旅游支出將上漲，突破1,200億美元，高于德國和美國游客的花銷，這兩國游客分別支出了約800億美元。不過，中國的統(tǒng)計數(shù)字向來缺乏透明度，我們?nèi)圆磺宄哼@些數(shù)字中究竟哪些人以及哪些花費被計入其中，哪些又被排除在外。但無論就哪一方面來說，就算數(shù)字有一定的偏差，中國客源市場對越來越多的旅游目的地而言意義均非同小可，這點毋庸置疑。
2. Pollution has been worsening for many years in China, but 2013 moved air pollution from the level of irritating to the level of plainly unbearable. Particulate matter intensities never seen before on this planet are no longer just a problem of Northeast and North China, in recent months East and South China also suffered heavily. In October, in Harbin the police officially declared that they would not fine motorists for crossing a red light as the traffic lights could not be seen anymore in the smog and in December Shanghai and Xian reported health-threatening air for days on end. In Hong Kong big posters showing the Hong Kong island skyline in the sun, they had to be erected on the Kowloon side to give Mainland visitors a background for the obligatory photo which on most days of the year is no longer possible to have, the real skyline across the harbour being barely visible. Together with food scandals and other environmental problems, pollution has developed into a major push factor, driving former domestic tourists out of their country whenever they can afford it.
2. 多年來中國的環(huán)境污染一直在不斷惡化，但2013年的空氣污染達到了簡直不堪忍受的程度?？晌腩w粒濃度之高在地球上前所未有，而這不再僅僅是令東北和華北地區(qū)頭痛的問題了，最近幾個月，華東和華南地區(qū)也深受其害。去年10月，哈爾濱警察正式宣布不再對闖紅燈的汽車司機處以罰款，因為霧霾天里已看不到交通燈了；去年12月，上海和西安報道，出現(xiàn)了連續(xù)多日的空氣污染，對身體健康構(gòu)成威脅。在香港，一系列大型海報刻畫了陽光下的港島輪廓，這些海報不得不豎立在九龍一側(cè)好讓大陸游客們了解這必須一睹的景象——一年中大多數(shù)時間里都不復(fù)得見，而海港上空真正的天際線幾乎難以察覺。與食品安全丑聞和其他環(huán)境問題一起，污染已經(jīng)逐漸成為一個主要的推動因素，驅(qū)使以前選擇國內(nèi)景區(qū)的游客一旦經(jīng)濟條件允許就會毫不猶豫地踏出國門。
3. A second new push factor concerns overcrowding. The October 2013 Golden Week of collective holidays was even by the official Chinese media criticised as a “Golden Mess”. The railway system alone had to carry 70 million people around the country in a single week. Ignoring regulations in the new tourism law, many sights, including the Forbidden City in Beijing, sold many more tickets than there carrying capacity should allow them and highways turned into giant parking lots. Even outside this period of travel madness, natural and man-made attractions suffer from overcrowding, again pushing Chinese tourists more and more to destinations beyond the border – in some cases however only to meet the same Chinese crowds in Phuket or on Jeju Island.
3. 新出現(xiàn)的第二個推動因素與擁擠有關(guān)。2013年的十一黃金周甚至被中國官方媒體批評為“亂作一團的黃金周”。單是鐵路系統(tǒng)就不得不于一周之內(nèi)在全國各地發(fā)送7,000萬客流。無視新《旅游法》中的規(guī)定，包括北京故宮在內(nèi)的許多景點都一味地出售門票，遠遠超過了其承載能力。高速公路也變成了一個個大停車場。甚至避開這段出游高峰，自然和人文景區(qū)的接待能力也不堪重負，因而再一次將中國游客進一步推向國外——不過在有些情況下不過是換個地點（如普吉島或濟州島）邂逅同樣的中國游客潮。
4. The Chinese government policy changed dramatically in 2013, with the new leadership for the first time explicitly supporting Chinese outbound tourism in front of international audiences. The new tourism law, which came into effect on October 1st, further changed the rules of the game by trying to end the worst practices of subsidising below-cost package tour offers with income from forced shopping and poor quality services. In many destinations the number of package tour arrivals fell in the last quarter of 2013 as a result, with longer staying individual visitors making up most of the losses. New Zealand for instance suffered in October and November 2013, as arrival numbers dropped by 12% and 16% YoY respectively, with short-stay holiday group visas down by 41 per cent. However, long-stay group holiday visas were up 14 per cent and individual visitor visas up by 70 per cent.
In the year that just ended, China has consolidated its position as the No.1 global tourism source market in terms of both number of trips and money spent on international travel. There have at the same time been further profound changes in the framework of outbound travel from Mainland China and in the behaviour of the travellers themselves.
在剛剛結(jié)束的一年中，無論是從游客數(shù)量還是從國際旅游開支上來看，中國都鞏固了其作為全球旅游客源市場的地位。同時，在中國大陸出境游框架以及游客自身行為方面出現(xiàn)了一些深遠的變化。
Here is a look back at nine important developments in China’s outbound tourism in the year 2013:
下面我們一起來回顧一下2013年中國出境游的九大重要發(fā)展：
1. Quantitative growth
2. New push factor pollution
3. New push factor overcrowding
4. Encouragement by new Chinese Government
5. Visa policy dominos starting to fall
6. Move towards more self-organised trips
7. Move towards new destinations
8. Chinese investors shopping spree
9. Major players enter the scene
1. Quantitative growth continued in 2013. With more than 72 million border crossings reported for the first nine months of 2013 alone, the total number will probably land somewhere between the 95 million my institute COTRI forecast at the beginning of 2013 and the 98 million CTA (China Tourism Academy) recently predicted. Spending will have jumped to more than 120 billion US$, high above the 80something billion US$ spent by Germans and US-Americans respectively. Chinese statistics stay however as opaque as ever, who and what exactly is included or excluded in these numbers remains a secret. In any case the importance of the Chinese source market for an increasing number of destinations is not to be doubted, even if you allow some margin of error in the numbers.
1. 2013年出境游人數(shù)繼續(xù)增長。據(jù)報道，單是2013年前9個月出境旅游就超過7,200萬人次，全年的出境游客數(shù)量將可能在9,500萬到9,800萬之間，前者是我所在的中國出境游研究所（COTRI）在2013年初所做的預(yù)測，后者則是中國旅游研究院（China Tourism Academy，簡稱CTA）最近的預(yù)測數(shù)據(jù)。旅游支出將上漲，突破1,200億美元，高于德國和美國游客的花銷，這兩國游客分別支出了約800億美元。不過，中國的統(tǒng)計數(shù)字向來缺乏透明度，我們?nèi)圆磺宄哼@些數(shù)字中究竟哪些人以及哪些花費被計入其中，哪些又被排除在外。但無論就哪一方面來說，就算數(shù)字有一定的偏差，中國客源市場對越來越多的旅游目的地而言意義均非同小可，這點毋庸置疑。
2. Pollution has been worsening for many years in China, but 2013 moved air pollution from the level of irritating to the level of plainly unbearable. Particulate matter intensities never seen before on this planet are no longer just a problem of Northeast and North China, in recent months East and South China also suffered heavily. In October, in Harbin the police officially declared that they would not fine motorists for crossing a red light as the traffic lights could not be seen anymore in the smog and in December Shanghai and Xian reported health-threatening air for days on end. In Hong Kong big posters showing the Hong Kong island skyline in the sun, they had to be erected on the Kowloon side to give Mainland visitors a background for the obligatory photo which on most days of the year is no longer possible to have, the real skyline across the harbour being barely visible. Together with food scandals and other environmental problems, pollution has developed into a major push factor, driving former domestic tourists out of their country whenever they can afford it.
2. 多年來中國的環(huán)境污染一直在不斷惡化，但2013年的空氣污染達到了簡直不堪忍受的程度?？晌腩w粒濃度之高在地球上前所未有，而這不再僅僅是令東北和華北地區(qū)頭痛的問題了，最近幾個月，華東和華南地區(qū)也深受其害。去年10月，哈爾濱警察正式宣布不再對闖紅燈的汽車司機處以罰款，因為霧霾天里已看不到交通燈了；去年12月，上海和西安報道，出現(xiàn)了連續(xù)多日的空氣污染，對身體健康構(gòu)成威脅。在香港，一系列大型海報刻畫了陽光下的港島輪廓，這些海報不得不豎立在九龍一側(cè)好讓大陸游客們了解這必須一睹的景象——一年中大多數(shù)時間里都不復(fù)得見，而海港上空真正的天際線幾乎難以察覺。與食品安全丑聞和其他環(huán)境問題一起，污染已經(jīng)逐漸成為一個主要的推動因素，驅(qū)使以前選擇國內(nèi)景區(qū)的游客一旦經(jīng)濟條件允許就會毫不猶豫地踏出國門。
3. A second new push factor concerns overcrowding. The October 2013 Golden Week of collective holidays was even by the official Chinese media criticised as a “Golden Mess”. The railway system alone had to carry 70 million people around the country in a single week. Ignoring regulations in the new tourism law, many sights, including the Forbidden City in Beijing, sold many more tickets than there carrying capacity should allow them and highways turned into giant parking lots. Even outside this period of travel madness, natural and man-made attractions suffer from overcrowding, again pushing Chinese tourists more and more to destinations beyond the border – in some cases however only to meet the same Chinese crowds in Phuket or on Jeju Island.
3. 新出現(xiàn)的第二個推動因素與擁擠有關(guān)。2013年的十一黃金周甚至被中國官方媒體批評為“亂作一團的黃金周”。單是鐵路系統(tǒng)就不得不于一周之內(nèi)在全國各地發(fā)送7,000萬客流。無視新《旅游法》中的規(guī)定，包括北京故宮在內(nèi)的許多景點都一味地出售門票，遠遠超過了其承載能力。高速公路也變成了一個個大停車場。甚至避開這段出游高峰，自然和人文景區(qū)的接待能力也不堪重負，因而再一次將中國游客進一步推向國外——不過在有些情況下不過是換個地點（如普吉島或濟州島）邂逅同樣的中國游客潮。
4. The Chinese government policy changed dramatically in 2013, with the new leadership for the first time explicitly supporting Chinese outbound tourism in front of international audiences. The new tourism law, which came into effect on October 1st, further changed the rules of the game by trying to end the worst practices of subsidising below-cost package tour offers with income from forced shopping and poor quality services. In many destinations the number of package tour arrivals fell in the last quarter of 2013 as a result, with longer staying individual visitors making up most of the losses. New Zealand for instance suffered in October and November 2013, as arrival numbers dropped by 12% and 16% YoY respectively, with short-stay holiday group visas down by 41 per cent. However, long-stay group holiday visas were up 14 per cent and individual visitor visas up by 70 per cent.