第八篇：Screen Test
1Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer.
If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia,Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50.
2But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser.
3Researchers at the Polytechnic University* of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the women's cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.
4The mathematical model recommended by Britain's National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.
5The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is "not very significant"compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women
screened.
6But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help "optimise the technique" for breast cancer screening.
7"There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks,"admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution."On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. That's why radiation"exposure should be minimised in anyscreening programme.
注釋：
Polytechnic University：理工大學(xué)
練習(xí)：
1. Paragraph 2__________
2. Paragraph 3__________
3. Paragraph 4__________
4. Paragraph 5__________
AHarm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman
BInvestigating the Effect of Screening
CEffects Predicted by Two Different Models
DSmall Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation
ETreatment of Cancers
FFactors that Trigger Cancers
5. Early discovery of breast cancer may
6. Advantages of screening women under 50 are
7. Delaying the age at which screening starts may
8. Radiation exposure should be
Abe costly
Bharmful
Csave a life
Dstill open to debate
Ereduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancer
Freduced to the minimum
1Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer.
If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia,Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50.
2But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser.
3Researchers at the Polytechnic University* of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the women's cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.
4The mathematical model recommended by Britain's National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.
5The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is "not very significant"compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women
screened.
6But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help "optimise the technique" for breast cancer screening.
7"There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks,"admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution."On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. That's why radiation"exposure should be minimised in anyscreening programme.
注釋：
Polytechnic University：理工大學(xué)
練習(xí)：
1. Paragraph 2__________
2. Paragraph 3__________
3. Paragraph 4__________
4. Paragraph 5__________
AHarm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman
BInvestigating the Effect of Screening
CEffects Predicted by Two Different Models
DSmall Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation
ETreatment of Cancers
FFactors that Trigger Cancers
5. Early discovery of breast cancer may
6. Advantages of screening women under 50 are
7. Delaying the age at which screening starts may
8. Radiation exposure should be
Abe costly
Bharmful
Csave a life
Dstill open to debate
Ereduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancer
Freduced to the minimum