這篇英語期末考試初三Unit13-15知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)的文章，是特地為大家整理的，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助！
1. I’d rather go to the Blue Lagoon Restaurant... 我寧愿去Blue Lagoon餐廳，……
would rather意為“寧愿……”，表示句子主語的愿望、選擇，后接省去to的不定式。
He’d rather join you in the English Group. 他寧愿加入到你的英語小組中來。
Which would you rather have, bread or rice? 面包和米飯，你更喜歡哪一個(gè)?
如果表示“寧愿(可)……也不愿……”則用句型would rather...than...。在would rather和than后面所連接的兩個(gè)對(duì)比部分一般要一致。
The brave soldier would rather die than give in.那個(gè)勇敢的士兵寧死不屈。
He’d rather work than play. 他寧愿工作也不愿玩。
They preferred to die of hunger rather than take his bread.
他們寧愿餓死也不愿接受他的面包。
2. Loud music makes me happy. (P103)嘈雜的音樂使我很開心。
Loud music always makes me want to dance. (P103)嘈雜的音樂總是使我想去跳舞。
這兩句是動(dòng)詞make的使役用法，make me后分別接了形容詞和不定式短語。make的這種用法常見于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：
◎ make+名詞(代詞)+省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式
My parents often make me do some other homework. 我父母常讓我做些其他的作業(yè)。
特別提示
這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式短語在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中是賓語補(bǔ)足語，必須省去to，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，不定式短語作主語補(bǔ)足語，這時(shí)必須帶to。
She was made to work for the night shift. 她不得不上夜班。
◎make+名詞/代詞+-ed分詞短語
What made them so frightened?什么使他們這樣害怕?
Can you make yourself understood in English?你能用英語把意思表達(dá)清楚嗎?
◎make+名詞/代詞+介詞短語或名詞短語
She made him her assistant. 她委派他做自己的助手。
Sit down and make yourselves at home, everyone.大家請(qǐng)坐，不要拘束。
◎make+名詞(代詞)+形容詞或形容詞短語。
The good news made us happy. 這條好消息使我們很高興。
3. ... small restaurants can serve many people every day. (P104)……小飯店每天就可以多接待些顧客。
句中的serve 有“服侍，侍候，招待”等意思，常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)中：
◎ serve+賓語
They were busy serving the day’s last buyers.他們正忙著接待這天的后一批顧客。
Nobody can serve two masters. 一人不能侍奉二主。
◎ serve sb sth, 或serve sth to sb
Mrs Turner served us a very good dinner.
=Mrs Turner served a very good dinner to us.
特納太太招待我們吃了一頓豐盛的晚餐。
◎ serve sb with sth
We served them with beer and wine. 我們用啤酒和紅酒招待他們。
4. However, some advertising can be confusing or misleading. (P106)可是，一些廣告可能會(huì)混淆黑白或誤導(dǎo)消費(fèi)。
confusing與misleading是兩個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞，相當(dāng)于形容詞，意思分別是“感到混消的”和“誤導(dǎo)的”，在句中作表語，主語通常是表示物的名詞或代詞，如本句中的用法;也可以用作定語，既可修飾表示人的名詞或代詞，也可以修飾表示物的名詞或代詞。
They can be some confusing or misleading advertisements.
它們可能是一些混淆黑白或誤導(dǎo)消費(fèi)的廣告。
What he said made us confusing.他說的話令我們感到困惑。
5. At times an ad can lead you to buy something you don’t need at all.(P106) 有時(shí)，一則廣告會(huì)誘導(dǎo)你去買你根本就不需要的東西。
at times意為“有時(shí)，不時(shí)”，與sometimes同義。兩者在句中的位置較靈活，可位于句首，句中或句末。
At times I make mistakes when I speak English. 我說英語時(shí)有時(shí)會(huì)出錯(cuò)。
They went to town at times during the cold winter.在寒冷的冬天，他們有時(shí)候進(jìn)城去。
Sometimes they walk to school. 有時(shí)候，他們步行上學(xué)。
He sometimes plays football with his friends. 他有時(shí)和朋友一起踢足球。
6. To start with, it was raining, and rainy days make me sad. (P107)起初，天在下雨，雨天使我心情很不好。
◎ start with作“首先”解時(shí)，只用于動(dòng)詞不定式，在句中常常以插入語的形式出現(xiàn)。
To start with, the computer room must be kept very clean.
首先，計(jì)算機(jī)工作室必須保持清潔。
Our group had five members, to start with.剛開始，我們小組只有五個(gè)人。
◎ start with可表示“從……開始”;“先從某事做起”，與begin...with是同義詞組。反義詞組是end with“以……結(jié)束”。
He started/began with the aim of injuring others only to end up by ruining himself.他本想損害別人，結(jié)果只害了自己。
The meeting ended with a speech given by the chairman.會(huì)議以主席的講話結(jié)束。
He wanted to start/begin with the smallest country and end with the largest one.
他打算先去小的國家，后去大的國家。
◎ start單獨(dú)使用時(shí)，意為“開始”，可用作及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞。用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后跟名詞、代詞，也可跟動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞形式。begin是start的同義詞，兩者在用法上沒有很大差別，只是start側(cè)重動(dòng)作的突然開始。
As soon as we got there, it started raining.我們一到那兒就下雨了。
When did we start/begin this lesson?我們是什么時(shí)候開始講這一課的?
7. ...some people would rather just give money.(P108)……有些寧愿只給錢。
句中的would rather是would rather...than...的省略形式，意為“寧愿……而不……”，表示主觀愿望。使用這一結(jié)構(gòu)，要注意兩個(gè)比較的部分對(duì)等。
You would also rather stay at home and read a good book than go to a party.
你寧愿待在家里看一本好書也不愿去參加舞會(huì)。
I would rather have the small one than the big one.我寧愿要小的，不要大的。
特別提示：
比較的部分如果是動(dòng)詞，than后應(yīng)是動(dòng)詞原形。
8. I prefer to receive a gift... (P108)我寧愿接受一件……禮物。
prefer表示選擇時(shí)，可用兩種句型。
(1)prefer+名詞或動(dòng)名詞+to+名詞或動(dòng)名詞。
They prefer red to blue.與藍(lán)色相比，他們更喜歡紅色。
I preferred doing something to doing nothing.我喜歡做點(diǎn)什么，而不喜歡閑著。
(2)prefer+不定式或名詞+rather than+不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。
He preferred to walk there rather than go by bus.
他喜歡走著去那兒，不喜歡乘公共汽車。
She prefers to read rather than sit idle.她喜歡讀書而不愿閑坐著。
1. I’d rather go to the Blue Lagoon Restaurant... 我寧愿去Blue Lagoon餐廳，……
would rather意為“寧愿……”，表示句子主語的愿望、選擇，后接省去to的不定式。
He’d rather join you in the English Group. 他寧愿加入到你的英語小組中來。
Which would you rather have, bread or rice? 面包和米飯，你更喜歡哪一個(gè)?
如果表示“寧愿(可)……也不愿……”則用句型would rather...than...。在would rather和than后面所連接的兩個(gè)對(duì)比部分一般要一致。
The brave soldier would rather die than give in.那個(gè)勇敢的士兵寧死不屈。
He’d rather work than play. 他寧愿工作也不愿玩。
They preferred to die of hunger rather than take his bread.
他們寧愿餓死也不愿接受他的面包。
2. Loud music makes me happy. (P103)嘈雜的音樂使我很開心。
Loud music always makes me want to dance. (P103)嘈雜的音樂總是使我想去跳舞。
這兩句是動(dòng)詞make的使役用法，make me后分別接了形容詞和不定式短語。make的這種用法常見于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：
◎ make+名詞(代詞)+省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式
My parents often make me do some other homework. 我父母常讓我做些其他的作業(yè)。
特別提示
這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式短語在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中是賓語補(bǔ)足語，必須省去to，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，不定式短語作主語補(bǔ)足語，這時(shí)必須帶to。
She was made to work for the night shift. 她不得不上夜班。
◎make+名詞/代詞+-ed分詞短語
What made them so frightened?什么使他們這樣害怕?
Can you make yourself understood in English?你能用英語把意思表達(dá)清楚嗎?
◎make+名詞/代詞+介詞短語或名詞短語
She made him her assistant. 她委派他做自己的助手。
Sit down and make yourselves at home, everyone.大家請(qǐng)坐，不要拘束。
◎make+名詞(代詞)+形容詞或形容詞短語。
The good news made us happy. 這條好消息使我們很高興。
3. ... small restaurants can serve many people every day. (P104)……小飯店每天就可以多接待些顧客。
句中的serve 有“服侍，侍候，招待”等意思，常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)中：
◎ serve+賓語
They were busy serving the day’s last buyers.他們正忙著接待這天的后一批顧客。
Nobody can serve two masters. 一人不能侍奉二主。
◎ serve sb sth, 或serve sth to sb
Mrs Turner served us a very good dinner.
=Mrs Turner served a very good dinner to us.
特納太太招待我們吃了一頓豐盛的晚餐。
◎ serve sb with sth
We served them with beer and wine. 我們用啤酒和紅酒招待他們。
4. However, some advertising can be confusing or misleading. (P106)可是，一些廣告可能會(huì)混淆黑白或誤導(dǎo)消費(fèi)。
confusing與misleading是兩個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞，相當(dāng)于形容詞，意思分別是“感到混消的”和“誤導(dǎo)的”，在句中作表語，主語通常是表示物的名詞或代詞，如本句中的用法;也可以用作定語，既可修飾表示人的名詞或代詞，也可以修飾表示物的名詞或代詞。
They can be some confusing or misleading advertisements.
它們可能是一些混淆黑白或誤導(dǎo)消費(fèi)的廣告。
What he said made us confusing.他說的話令我們感到困惑。
5. At times an ad can lead you to buy something you don’t need at all.(P106) 有時(shí)，一則廣告會(huì)誘導(dǎo)你去買你根本就不需要的東西。
at times意為“有時(shí)，不時(shí)”，與sometimes同義。兩者在句中的位置較靈活，可位于句首，句中或句末。
At times I make mistakes when I speak English. 我說英語時(shí)有時(shí)會(huì)出錯(cuò)。
They went to town at times during the cold winter.在寒冷的冬天，他們有時(shí)候進(jìn)城去。
Sometimes they walk to school. 有時(shí)候，他們步行上學(xué)。
He sometimes plays football with his friends. 他有時(shí)和朋友一起踢足球。
6. To start with, it was raining, and rainy days make me sad. (P107)起初，天在下雨，雨天使我心情很不好。
◎ start with作“首先”解時(shí)，只用于動(dòng)詞不定式，在句中常常以插入語的形式出現(xiàn)。
To start with, the computer room must be kept very clean.
首先，計(jì)算機(jī)工作室必須保持清潔。
Our group had five members, to start with.剛開始，我們小組只有五個(gè)人。
◎ start with可表示“從……開始”;“先從某事做起”，與begin...with是同義詞組。反義詞組是end with“以……結(jié)束”。
He started/began with the aim of injuring others only to end up by ruining himself.他本想損害別人，結(jié)果只害了自己。
The meeting ended with a speech given by the chairman.會(huì)議以主席的講話結(jié)束。
He wanted to start/begin with the smallest country and end with the largest one.
他打算先去小的國家，后去大的國家。
◎ start單獨(dú)使用時(shí)，意為“開始”，可用作及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞。用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后跟名詞、代詞，也可跟動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞形式。begin是start的同義詞，兩者在用法上沒有很大差別，只是start側(cè)重動(dòng)作的突然開始。
As soon as we got there, it started raining.我們一到那兒就下雨了。
When did we start/begin this lesson?我們是什么時(shí)候開始講這一課的?
7. ...some people would rather just give money.(P108)……有些寧愿只給錢。
句中的would rather是would rather...than...的省略形式，意為“寧愿……而不……”，表示主觀愿望。使用這一結(jié)構(gòu)，要注意兩個(gè)比較的部分對(duì)等。
You would also rather stay at home and read a good book than go to a party.
你寧愿待在家里看一本好書也不愿去參加舞會(huì)。
I would rather have the small one than the big one.我寧愿要小的，不要大的。
特別提示：
比較的部分如果是動(dòng)詞，than后應(yīng)是動(dòng)詞原形。
8. I prefer to receive a gift... (P108)我寧愿接受一件……禮物。
prefer表示選擇時(shí)，可用兩種句型。
(1)prefer+名詞或動(dòng)名詞+to+名詞或動(dòng)名詞。
They prefer red to blue.與藍(lán)色相比，他們更喜歡紅色。
I preferred doing something to doing nothing.我喜歡做點(diǎn)什么，而不喜歡閑著。
(2)prefer+不定式或名詞+rather than+不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。
He preferred to walk there rather than go by bus.
他喜歡走著去那兒，不喜歡乘公共汽車。
She prefers to read rather than sit idle.她喜歡讀書而不愿閑坐著。