Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write ashort essay entitled The Traffic Jam following the outline given below. Youshould write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.
1． 大城市的交通擁堵問(wèn)題
2． 產(chǎn)生交通擁堵的原因
3． 一些可能的解決辦法
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over thepassage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1 -7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Bad behavior incockpit has proven deadly
Terrifying incidents of bad pilot behavior like a JetBlue pilot'smeltdown this week are not unprecedented in the history of commercial aviationand have sometimes caused deadly crashes.
Nevertheless, the list of incidents resulting from unprofessionalpilot behavior over a 50-year history and millions of flights show that"it's a very rare thing," says aviation safety expert Aaron Gellmanof the Kellogg
School of Management at Northwestern University. "And evenwith what's happened in the past, it's the safest mode of transportation byfar."
Tuesday's JetBlue incident, where the FBI alleges captain Clayton Ｏsbon started Speaking nonsense tohis first officer and was later tackled and restrained by passengers, isextremely unusual. But airline procedures, which require two pilots and lockedcockpit (駕駛座艙)doors, protected the public, Gellmansays.
Some previous incidents of bad behavior by pilots have been fatal,showing that airline procedures cannot save lives when pilots choose to ignorethem.
On Feb. 12, 2009, Colgan Air Flight 3407 iced up and crashed inBuffalo, N.Y., after a series of mistakes by tired pilots, according to theNational Transportation Safety Board. Both the captain and first officer had traveledfor hours before taking controls of the plane in Newark, and the young firstofficer, Rebecca Lynne Shaw, was heard on the flight recorder saying she hadlittle experience dealing with icy conditions. When ice caused the flight tostall(失速)，captain Marvin Renslow erred and made the stall worse, crashing theplane and killing 50 people,according to the NTSB. The board also concludedthat Shaw and Renslow had been chitchatting in the cockpit.
"They weren't properly trained and weren't able to handle thesituation," Gellman says.
In 2008, an Air Canada co-pilot was forcibly removed from aToronto-to-London flight, restrained andsedated(給服鎮(zhèn)靜劑)after having a mental breakdown andspeaking to God while behind the controls at 30,000 feet. The plane landed safelyin Ireland.
Ｏn Oct. 31, 1999, Egypt Air Flight 990 crashed into the AtlanticOcean off the Massachusetts coast due,according to the NTSB, to the deliberateaction of first officer Gameel Al-Batouti. The Boeing 767 crashed with dozensof Egyptian military officers aboard who were returning from helicopter flighttraining in the USA at a time when the Egyptian government was at war withradical Islamists. Al-Batouti, an Islamist sympathizer, "wanted to get ridof the helicopter pilots and crashed the airplane," Gellman says.
Ｏn Oct. 14, 2004, two pilots taking an empty airliner from LittleRock, Ark., to Minneapolis decided to explore the limits of their PinnacleAirlines plane. Captain Jesse Rhodes and first officer Peter Cesarz took the planeto 41,000, the maximum approved altitude for the plane, and then failed tofollow proper procedure when the plane stalled and the engines shut down,according to the NTSB; After trying unsuccessfully to restart the engines whilegliding, they crashed behind several homes 2.5 miles from an airport. Bothcrewmembers were killed.
A 1956 mid-air collision that investigators blamed on pilotstrying to give passengers better views of the Grand Canyon resulted in arevamping(改寫(xiě))of the role of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in patrollingthe airways.
The pilots were maneuvering around cloud formations over thecanyon and collided, killing 128 people."It was a watershed(分水嶺) event because it changed thewhole approach to air traffic control," Gellman says. Congress reacted byincreasing funding for the FAA, giving it the capability to monitor aircraft"in the airways not just in the terminal," Gellman says.
Investigations of deadly accidents over the years have resulted insafety procedures, such as requiring two pilots and locking cockpit doors,which helped preserve lives in the JetBlue incident, Gellman says.
"Even if the captain had insisted on making trouble in thecockpit, I think the first officer would have been able to handle it,"Gellman says. "That's why we have two people in there."
Dave Funk, a retired Northwest Airlines captain now an aviationconsultant with Laird & Associates, says the JetBlue flight might have beensaved by the co-pilot, who barred an incapacitated (不勝任的 ) Ｏsbonfrom the cockpit. "The first officer recognized the gravity of thesituation and solved the problem," Funk says.
The co-pilot's quick thinking on that flight is analogous tocaptain "Sully" Sullenberger landing a US Airways flight on New York'sHudson River with no lives lost, Funk says. "We gave him a bunch of brokeneggs.
He made scrambled eggs. He didn't make eggs over medium. "
Funk says pilots today face more worries than they did years ago,when airlines like TWA and now-defunct Pan Am projected an image of employees who have"this wonderful life, have great benefits, fly around the world,fall inlove, all in their 20s. "
Instead, he says, pilots today are dealing with "the crappyeconomy, the political fights each day. Is Washington going to get attacked?That's going to create stress. "Pilots, in particular, have to deal with alot more stresses in their job because of the intense security situation,Funksays.
"It's the greatest job in the world when you get to the endof the runway," Funk says. "All the crap you have to get through to make it to therunway doesn't make it worth it to a lot of us anymore."
1. Tuesday's JetBlue incident is __________.
A) an incident of unprofessional pilot behavior
B) the major cause of a plane crash
C) an example showing that the air travel is still the safest modeof transportation by far
D) an example showing how the airline procedures protect the public
2. Why does Aaron Gellman think air travel is still the safest mode oftransportation by far?
A) There have been hardly any incident resulting from unprofessionalbehavior.
B) Cases like the JetBlue incident arer are.
C) Pilots always emphasize the safety of the public.
D) The first officer is always there to help the captain.
3. The immediate cause of the crash of Colgan Air Flight 3407is __________.
A) the captain was chitchatting with the first officer
B) thc young first officer had little experience dealing with icyconditions
C) both the captain and the first officer were quite tired after along-time journey
D) the captain Marvin Renslow's mistaken operation
4. What do captain Clayton Osbon and a co-pilot of Air Canadahave in common?
A) They are both experienced pilots.
B) They are both Christians.
C) They both had a mental problem during the flying mission.
D) They both have to take responsibility for their misdeeds.
5. According to this passage, who deliberately crashed anairplane?
A) Jesse Rhodes and Peter Cesarz.
C) Gameel A1-Batouti.
B) Dave Funk.
D) Clayton Osbon.
6. What was regarded as a watershed event?
A) A 1956 mid-air collision.
B) The JetBtue incident.
C) Two pilots trying to explore the limits of their plane.
D) An Egyptian plane crashing into the Atlantic Ocean.
7. Requiting two pilots is an important safety measurebecause __________.
A) two pilots can oversee each other during the flight
B) two pilots can take turns flying the plane
C) when one is sick, the other will be able to take his/her place
D) they help prevent deadly accidents
8. The JetBlue flight was to some extent saved by theco-pilot because he recognized
and solved the problem.
9. Years ago, people admired the pilots who worked forairlines such as__________since it seemed that they earned a lot of money,could travel around the world and fell in love early.
10.Pilots nowadays have to deal with a lot more stresses thanbefore becauseof __________.</P><P>Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversationsand 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or morequestions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), anddecide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.</P><P>點(diǎn)擊播放聽(tīng)力：</P><P>下載聽(tīng)力mp3</P><P>
11. A) The team has to travel far for every game.
B) The new coach has been very effective.
C) The new coach knows the team very well.
D) The team shouldn't recruit any more players.
12. A) The concert was very well attended.
B) The crowd didn't understand the music.
C) The only good seats were near the right aisle.
D) Not many people went on such a cloudy night.
13. A) She doesn't understand it either.
B) She can't see the writing on the board.
C) She thinks the room is too dark.
D) She didn'.t really notice the mark.
1.4. A) She gave a lecture to the psychology class.
B) She advised the man to see a psychologist.
C) She persuaded the man not to take the course.
D) She convinced the man to apply to graduate school.
15. A) It is not very good.
B) It will be held the following week.
C) The woman probably won't attend it.
D) There will be two seminars instead of four.
16. A) She doesn't understand how Judy got her job.
B) She's surprised Judy is working in management.
C) She thinks Judy should not have taken a computer course.
D) She wonders how Judy does so many things.
17. A) Get out of the car.
B) Pay the parking fine.
C) Take his coat off.
D) Make a tight turn.
18. A) It's hard to know what to believe about it.
B) He doesn't believe it's hard for everybody.
C) It's even harder than people say.
D) It's not as hard as he'd thought.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have justheard.
19. A) Speed limits were the same in all areas.
B) She had told him what Iris speed was.
C) There were signs along the road.
D) He had just received his driving license.
20. A) He was on his way to work.
B) His speedometer wasn't working.
C) He lived on Fleet Street.
D) He didn't realize he was speeding.
21. A) She took away the man's license.
B) She gave the man a warning.
C) She gave the man a speeding ticket.
D) She asked the man to become more familiar with the area.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have justheard.
22. A) A popular television program.
B) A breakthrough in technology.
C) A recent purchase.
D) A new electronics store.
23. A) Because the old one didn't work well.
B) Because the new TV set was on sale.
C) Because he had moved into a bigger house.
D) Because he wanted to surprise the woman.
24. A) She would prefer a more expensive model.
B) She' s confused by the remote controls.
C) She's eager to use it.
D) She thinks it unwise to buy it.
25. A) Research what television is best for him.
B) Ask for a cheaper price on the television.
C) Try a different store.
D) Be satisfied with what he has.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. Atthe end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose thebest answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. A) She buys many clothes.
B) She buys a lot of chocolate.
C) She eats a lot of things.
D) She sleeps a great deal.
27. A) Problems with the teachers.
B) Problems with family members or friends.
C) Problems with classmates' making fun of her.
D) Problems with a part-time job.
28. A) Substituting water with diet coke.
B) Talking to someone over the phone.
C) Playing a video game.
D) Drinking extra tea.
Passage Two
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. A) American Indians and corn.
B) The planting techniques of corn.
C) The joy of harvest.
D) Various ways to prepare corn.
30. A) It was first boiled and then dried.
B) It was braided in bundles and steamed.
C) It was dried and then ground into flour.
D) It was roasted and wrapped in husks.
31. A) They braided them with animal hair for clothing.
B) They bundled them together for fuel.
C) They used them to insulate their homes.
D) They made various items with them.
Passage Three
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. A) The strength of its shipbuilding industry.
B) The physical features of the river itself.
C) The abundance of fruit, vegetables, and livestock.
D) The similarity of its climate to that in Europe.
33. A) Them are no rapids or waterfalls.
B) There is a constant, strong wind.
C) Navigation is rather difficult.
D) Frequent storms cause problems for riverboats.
34. A) Big waves pose a threat to commercial navigation.
B) The river current never flows faster than ten miles per hour.
C) The river reverses its flow several times a day.
D) High tides can create sudden and unexpected rapids.
35. A) To allow several sails to be rigged.
B) To catch winds coming from over the hills.
C) To add to the beauty of the basic design.
D) To allow the sails to be raised more quickly.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully forits general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you arerequired to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words youhave just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill inthe missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact wordsyou have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally,when the passage is read for the third time,you should check what you havewritten.
Fast food, for the first time ever, now makes up more than half ofall the meals eaten outside of the home in the United Kingdom.
The recession, and the subsequent squeeze on (36)__________.income, has encouraged millions of families to cut back on spendingon (37) __________., especially on meals in restaurants. This has encouragedmany to(38) __________.down to cheaper meals, especially burgers and friedchicken.
According to NPD, the market research company which (39)__________.consumerspending, 5.54 billion visits were made to a fast food (40) __________.in theyear 2011, out of the 11 billion meals eaten in (41) __________.out of thehome--be it at a work (42) __________, restaurant, pub or sandwich shop.
This means that 50.4 percent of all (43) __________.eaten out ofthe home are now at a so-called quick service restaurant, up from 47.3 percentjust two years ago. The term "quick service restaurant" (44)__________.so this does include coffee shops.
Guy Fielding at NPD said: "It's a lot about trading down.Because fast food has become so cheap,(45) __________. "Families want to know what they are getting. And (46)__________. </P><P>Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices givenin a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Pleasemark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a singleline through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more thanonce.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
Women with low literacy suffer disproportionately more than men,encountering more 47 in finding awell-paying job and being twice as likely to end up in the group of lowest wageearners, a study released on Wednesday said.
Analysis by the Institute for Women's Policy Research (IWPR) foundwomen at all levels of 48 tend toearn less than men, but it's at the lowest literacy levels that the wage gapbetween genders is most striking.
Women with low literacy are twice as 49 as men at the same skill level to be amongthe lowest earners,bringing in $300 a week or less, the report said.
"Because women start off so low in terms of wages, havinghigher literacy and more skills really 50 a big difference," said Kevin Miller,a 51 research associate at IWPR and co-author of the study.
Women need to go 52 in their training and education level to earnthe same as men, Miller said.
The 53 was based on 2009 National Assessment ofAdult Literacy surveys, the most recent data 54 ,and focused on reading skills, not writingand numeric literacy. That data was 55 from a nationally representative sample of19,714 people aged 16 and older, living in households or prisons.
Data showed about one-third of American adults have low literacylevels, and more than 36 percent of men and 33 percent of women fall into that 56 , the institute said.
A) pattern I) conducted
B) senior J)independent
C) longer K) literacy
D) difficulties L) analysis
E) category M) likely
F) collected N) further
G) positions Ｏ) makes
H) available
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each is followedby some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
An industrial society, especially one as centralized andconcentrated as that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essentialservices: for instance, electricity supply, water, rail and road transport, theharbors. The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish,hospital and ambulance services, and, as the economy develops, central computerand information services as well. If any of these services ceases to operate,the whole economic system is in danger.
It is this economic interdependency of the economic system whichmakes the power of trade unions (工會(huì))such an important issue. Single trade unionshave the ability to cut off many countries' economic blood supply.
This can happen more easily in Britain than in some othercountries, in part because the labor force is highly organized. About 55percent of British workers belong to unions, compared to under a quarter in theUnited States.
For historical reasons, Britain's unions have tended to developalong trade (行業(yè)) and occupational lines, rather than on an industry-by-industrybasis, which makes a wages policy, democracy in industry and the improvement ofprocedures for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve.
There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade unionmovement, some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure.Some unions have lost many members because of their industrial changes.
Ｏthers are involved in arguments about who should represent workersin new trades. Unions for skilled trades are separate from general unions,which means that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a sourceof bad feelings between unions. In traditional trades which are being pushedout of existence by advancing technologies,unions can fight for their members'disappointing jobs to the point where the jobs of other union members are threatenedor destroyed. The printing of newspapers both in the United States and inBritain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printers to hold on totheir traditional highly-paid jobs.
Trade unions have problems of internal communication just asmanagers in companies do, problems which multiply in very large unions or inthose which bring workers in very different industries together into a single generalunion．Some tradeunion officials have to be re．elected regularly；others are elected，or even appointed，for life．Trade union officials have to workwith a system of“shop stewards”(工廠(chǎng)工人代表)in many unions，“shop stewards”being workers elected by other workers as theirrepresentatives at factory or work level．
57．Why is the trade union power crucial in Britain?
A)Because the economy is very interdependent．
B)Because the unions have been established a long time．
C)Because there are more unions in Britain than elsewhere．
D)Because there are many essential services offered by the unions．
58．Because of their out-of-date organization，someunions find it diffcult to__________．
A)bargain for high enough wages
B)get new members to join
C)learn new technologies
D)change as industries change
59．Disagreements arise between unions because some of them__________．
A)try to win over members of other unions
B)ignore agreements
C)protect their own members at the expense of others
D)take over other unions’jobs
60．Why does the author compare the trade unions with managers incompanies?
A)They are both influential in company affairs．
B)They both face problems of internal communication．
C)They both work with a system of“shop stewards”．
D)They both work efficiently.
61．The title which best expresses the idea of the text wouldbe__________．
A)British Trade Unions and Their Drawbacks
B)A Centralized and Concentrated Society
C)The Power of Trade Unions in Britain
D)The Structure of British Trade Unions
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage．
One of the most interesting paradoxes in America today is thatHarvard University，the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States，is UOW engaged in a serious debate about what a university should be，and whether it is measuring up(符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn))．Like the Roman Catholic Church and other ancient institutions，it is asking--still in private rather than in public--whether itspast assumptions about faculty，authority，admissions，courses of study，are really relevant to the problems of our society．
Should Harvard or any other university—be an intellectualsanctuary，apart from the political and social revolution of the age，or should it be a laboratory for experimentation with thesepolitical and social revolutions；or even an engine ofthe revolution ? This is what is being discussed privately in the bigclapboard(楔形板)houses of faculty members around theHarvard Yard．
The issue was defined by Walter Lippmann，a distinguished Harvard graduate，many years ago．
“If the universities are todo their work，”he said，“they must be independent and theymust be disinterested…They are places to which men can turn for unbiasedjudgments．Obviously，the momentthe universities fall under political control，or underthe control of private interests，or the moment theythemselves take a hand in politics and the leadership of government，their value as independent and disinterested sources of judgment isimpaired…”
This is part of the argument that is going on at Harvard today．Another part is the argument ofthe militant and even many moderated students：that auniversity is the keeper of our ideals and morals，andshould not be“disinterested”but activist in bringingthe Nation’s ideals and actions together．
Harvard’s men of today seem more troubled and less sure aboutpersonal，political and academic purpose than they did at the beginning．They are not even clear about how they should debate and resolvetheir problems，but they are struggling with themprivately，and how they come out is bound to influenceAmerican university and political life in the 21st century．
62. A "paradox"(Line 1, Paragraph 1) is __________.
A) an unusual situation
C) a difficult puzzle
B) a parenthetical expression
D) a self-contradiction
63. The word "sanctuary" in paragraph 3 refers to__________.
A) a holy place dedicated to a. certain god
B) a temple or nunnery of the middle age
C) a certain place you can hide in and avoid mishaps
D) an academy for intelligent people
64. The issues in the debate on Harvard's goals are whether theuniversities should remain independent of our society and its problems, andwhether they should __________.
A) fight off militarism
B) exert greater influence upon the young generation
C) take an active part in solving the society's ills
D) reconsider the structure of institutes and departments
65. In regard to their goals and purposes in life, the authorbelieves that Harvard men are becoming
A) more sure about them
B) less sure about them
C) more hopeful of reaching a satisfactory answer
D) less interested in them
66. In the author's judgment, the ferment going on at Harvard
A) will influence the future of America
B) will soon be over, because times are bound to change
C) is of interest mostly to Harvard men and their friends
D) is a sad symbol of our general bewilderment </P><P>Part V Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For eachblank there are )bur choices marked A), B),C) and D ) on the right side of thepaper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Languageis the most astonishing behavior in the animal kingdom. It is thespecies-typical behavior that sets humans completely 67 from all otheranimals. Language is a means of communication, 68 itis much more than that. Many animals can 69. The dance of the honeybeecommunicates the location of flowers 70 othermembers of the hive (蜂群). But human language permits communication about anything, 71 things like unicorns (獨(dú)角獸) that have never existed. The key 72 in the fact that theunits of meaning, words, can be 73 together in different ways, accordingto 74 , to communicate different meanings.
Language is the most important learning we do. Nothing 75 humans so much as our ability to communicate abstract thoughts, 76 about the universe, the mind, love, dreams,or ordering a drink. It is an immensely complex 77 that we take for granted. Indeed, we are notaware of most 78 of our speech and understanding. Consider whathappens when one person is speaking to 79 The speaker has to translate thoughts into 80 language. Brain imaging studies suggest thatthe time from thoughts to the 81 ofspeech is extremely fast, only 0.04 seconds! The listener must hear the soundsto 82 out what the speaker means. He must use thesounds of speech to 83 the words spoken, understand the pattern of 84 of the words (sentences), and finally 85 the meaning. This takes somewhat longer, aminimum of about 0.5 seconds. But 86 started, it is of course a continuous process.
67. A) apart
B) off
C) up
D) down
68. A) so
B) but
C) or
D) for
69. A) transfer
B) transmit
C) convey
D) communicate
70. A) to
B) from
C) over
D) on
71. A) only
B) almost
C) even
D) just
72. A) stays
B) situates
C) hides
D) lies
73. A) stuck
B) strung
C) rung
D) consisted
74. A) rules
B) scales
C) laws
D) standards
75. A) combines
B) contains
C) defines
D) declares
76. A) what
B) whether
C) while
D) if
77. A) prospect
B) progress
C) process
D) produce
78. A) aspects
B) abstracts
C) angles
D) assumptions
79. A) anybody
B) another
C) other
D) everybody
80. A) body
B) gesture
C) written
D) spoken
81. A) growing
B) fixing
C) beginning
D) building
82. A) put
B) take
C) draw
D) figure
83. A) identify
B) locate
C) reveal
D) discover
84. A) performance
B) organization
C) design
D) layout
85. A) prescribe
B) justify
C) utter
D) interpret
86. A) since
B) after
C) once
D) until</P><P>Part VI Translation (5minutes)
Directions：Complete the sentences by translating intoEnglish the Chinese given in brackets．Please write your
translation on Answer Sheet 2．
87.____________________(我剛剛打開(kāi)電腦)than the power was off．
88. Had ____________________(如果你早點(diǎn)告訴我她已經(jīng)回美國(guó)了)，1 wouldnot have taken all the trouble paying her a visit．
89. Finally he admitted that. (他入不敷出)．
90.____________________ (看似荒唐)，the tale is true．
91.All the experiments____________________ (已經(jīng)提前完成)，theydecided to take it easy for a while．
答案精析</P><P>Part I Writing
[范文]
The Traffic Jam
The traffic jam is a serious problem in big cities. During therush hours, traffic may sometimes be held up for as long as more than an hour.Students are late for classes; workers of every walk of life are late for work;and travelers miss their trains or flights. The inconvenience caused by trafficjams is so much that everyone agrees something must be done about it.
First, we must find out the cause of the problem. Most peopleblame it on the increasing numbers of cars.
Yet this is only one factor. Another reason is the relativelyunder-developed infrastructure construction, namely,the lack of wide roads,streets and highways. Furthermore, people's weak sense of traffic regulationsmay result in more road accidents that in turn add to the seriousness oftraffic jams.
To solve the problem, stiffer punishment for breaking trafficrules is necessary. Besides, a long-term planning of road construction must betaken into consideration. Still another solution will be the advocacy of publictransports and car-pool, an effective means to increase the transport capacityduring rush hours.
【譯文】
交通擁堵
交通擁堵是大城市所面臨的一個(gè)嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題。在高峰期間，交通堵塞可能會(huì)長(zhǎng)達(dá)一個(gè)多小時(shí)。學(xué)生上課遲到，各行各業(yè)的職工上班遲到，旅客誤了火車(chē)或者飛機(jī)。交通擁堵帶來(lái)了如此大的不便，幾乎人人都贊同必須采取一些措施了。首先，我們必須找到問(wèn)題的原因。大部分人都會(huì)責(zé)怪越來(lái)越多的私家車(chē)數(shù)量造成了這種狀況。但這只是一方面因素。另一個(gè)原因是基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)相對(duì)落后，也就是道路不夠?qū)掗?。此外，人們交通?guī)則意識(shí)的淡薄可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致路上的事故增多，這反過(guò)來(lái)又會(huì)加劇交通擁堵的嚴(yán)重程度。為解決這一問(wèn)題，必須對(duì)違反交通規(guī)則的行為進(jìn)行更為嚴(yán)厲的處罰。此外，必須考慮道路建設(shè)的長(zhǎng)期規(guī)劃。另一個(gè)解決方法就是倡導(dǎo)公共交通和拼車(chē)出行，這可以有效增加高峰期間的運(yùn)載能力。
【要點(diǎn)用法】
hold up使停止，使停頓 stiff嚴(yán)厲的，嚴(yán)格的
every walk of life各行各業(yè) advocacy提倡，倡導(dǎo)
inconvenience不便public transpoa公共交通
infrastructure基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施 car—pool拼車(chē)(多人合坐一輛車(chē))
【句法點(diǎn)評(píng)】
1．The inconvenience caused by traffic jams is so much that everyoneagrees something must be done about it．本句主體為so…that…結(jié)構(gòu)。caused by traffic jams為后置定語(yǔ)，修飾inconvenience。agrees后接省略了that的賓語(yǔ)從句。
2．Most people blame it on the increasing numbers of cars．
blame it on sth．是一個(gè)亮點(diǎn)表達(dá)，意為“責(zé)怪……，將責(zé)任推到……身上”。先說(shuō)most people的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，后文再給出作者自己能想到的其他原因，使得論述更為嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。
3．Furthermore，people’s weak sense of trafficregulations may result in more road accidents that in turn add to theseriousness of traffic jams first，another reason，furthermore將第二段概括為三點(diǎn)主要內(nèi)容，層次清晰。weak sense of trafficregula—tions意為“交通規(guī)則意識(shí)的淡薄”。result in意為“導(dǎo)致”，用于引出結(jié)果。inturn意為“反過(guò)來(lái)”，serious—mess為抽象名詞，兩者的用法都比較地道。</P><P>【答案解析】
1．A
線(xiàn)索詞：Tuesday’s JetBlue incident
定位處：文章第一、二段。
解析：文中第一段提到：“由于飛行員的不當(dāng)行為導(dǎo)致的可怕事件(比如本周捷藍(lán)航空公司的飛行員情緒崩潰)在商業(yè)航空不乏先例，有時(shí)甚至還會(huì)導(dǎo)致致命的空難?！苯又诘诙斡痔岬剑骸叭欢?，從近五十年來(lái)看，由于飛行員不夠?qū)I(yè)的行為造成的事故和千百萬(wàn)次飛行任務(wù)相比，‘事故發(fā)生的幾率非常小。”’可見(jiàn)，捷藍(lán)航空公司的飛行員情緒崩潰屬于“飛行員的不當(dāng)行為或不夠?qū)I(yè)的行為(bad／unprofessional pilot behavior)”。故選A。
2． B
線(xiàn)索詞：Aaron Gellman，air travel is still the safestmode of transportation by far
定位處：文章第二段。
解析：第二段引用航空安全專(zhuān)家阿龍•格爾曼的話(huà)說(shuō)：從近五十年來(lái)看，由于飛行員不夠?qū)I(yè)的行為造成的事故和千百萬(wàn)次飛行任務(wù)相比，“事故發(fā)生的幾率非常小?！币簿褪钦f(shuō)，航班飛行的次數(shù)非常多，按照事故發(fā)生的概率來(lái)計(jì)算的話(huà)，飛機(jī)事故的比例還是小的，所以航空飛行是目前為安全的交通方式。故選B。
3．D
線(xiàn)索詞：immediate cause，Colgan Air Flight 3407
定位處：文章第五段。
解析：immediate cause意為“直接原因”。該段提到：“由于飛行員過(guò)于疲憊，一系列不當(dāng)操作之后，科爾根航空公司3407號(hào)航班機(jī)體結(jié)冰，在紐約州布法羅市墜毀……據(jù)報(bào)道，結(jié)冰導(dǎo)致飛機(jī)失速，由于機(jī)長(zhǎng)馬文•倫斯洛操作不當(dāng)，飛行失速情況加劇，終導(dǎo)致飛機(jī)墜毀，造成50人死亡?！笨梢?jiàn)，是由于機(jī)長(zhǎng)操作不當(dāng)而造成空難，其他選項(xiàng)要么不正確，要么不是直接原因。故選D。
4．C
線(xiàn)索詞：Clayton Osbon，a co-pilot of Air Canada
定位處：第三段和第七段。
解析：第提到 Clayton Osbon這個(gè)名字是在第三段，“captain ClaytonOsbon started speaking non—sensetohisfirst officerandwaslatertackledand restrainedbypassengers(克萊頓•奧斯本機(jī)長(zhǎng)先是對(duì)副駕駛胡言亂語(yǔ)，后來(lái)被乘客按住并得到控制)”，a co—pilotofAirCanada則出現(xiàn)在第七段處：“2008年，加拿大航空公司的一名副駕駛在飛行在3萬(wàn)英尺的高空時(shí)一度精神崩潰，喃喃地跟上帝對(duì)話(huà)，之后被控制并服用了鎮(zhèn)定劑，他被迫離開(kāi)多倫多一倫敦航線(xiàn)。”可見(jiàn)，兩名飛行員都在執(zhí)行飛行任務(wù)期間出現(xiàn)了精神問(wèn)題，第一段中提及的meltdown和第七段中的mental breakdown為近義詞。
5． C
線(xiàn)索詞：deliberately crashed all airplane
定位處：文章第八段。
解析：本題要求將蓄意墜機(jī)事件與飛行員的名字對(duì)應(yīng)。該段提到：“由于副駕駛加梅爾•阿爾一巴圖提蓄意操作，埃及航空公司990號(hào)航班墜入大西洋……乘坐這架波音767飛機(jī)的是數(shù)十位埃及軍官，他們剛剛結(jié)束在美國(guó)的直升機(jī)飛行訓(xùn)練。那時(shí)，埃及政府正同激進(jìn)的伊斯蘭主義者交戰(zhàn)。該副駕駛是一名伊斯蘭主義的支持者……想鏟除那些直升機(jī)飛行員，因此使飛機(jī)墜毀?！惫蔬xC。
6．A
線(xiàn)索詞：watershed event
定位處：文章第十二段。
解析：根據(jù)線(xiàn)索詞可定位到第十二段，但要了解事故的前因后果還要向前尋讀，第十、十一段提到：“調(diào)查人員將1956年的飛機(jī)撞擊事件歸咎于飛行員——當(dāng)時(shí)飛行員想讓乘客從更好的角度觀(guān)看大峽谷……在大峽谷上空的云層附近飛行時(shí)發(fā)生碰撞，造成128人喪生。‘該事件成為一個(gè)分水嶺。因?yàn)樗鼜氐赘淖兞撕娇者\(yùn)輸?shù)墓芾磙k法?！薄源鸢笧锳。
7．D
線(xiàn)索詞：requiring two pilots
定位處：文章第十三、十四段。
解析：原文引用格爾曼的話(huà)說(shuō)道：“對(duì)于過(guò)去數(shù)十年里發(fā)生的致命事故的調(diào)查促成了現(xiàn)在的安全規(guī)定的建立，比如要求飛機(jī)上須配備兩名駕駛員、駕駛艙門(mén)須鎖閉等等，在本次捷藍(lán)飛機(jī)的事件中，這些規(guī)定保障了乘客的生命安全。即使當(dāng)時(shí)機(jī)長(zhǎng)一味在駕駛艙內(nèi)找麻煩，我想副駕駛也應(yīng)該能處理好，這也就是為什么我們要有兩個(gè)人在那里?！笨梢?jiàn)，在飛機(jī)出現(xiàn)緊急情況的時(shí)候，兩名飛行員可以大限度地減輕事故的嚴(yán)重程度，防止重大災(zāi)難發(fā)生。故選D。
8．the gravity of the situation
線(xiàn)索詞：JetBlue flight．saved by the co—pilot
定位處：倒數(shù)第六段。
解析：原文提到：“捷藍(lán)航空的悲劇可能是由副駕駛挽回的(他禁止了行為失控的機(jī)長(zhǎng)奧斯本進(jìn)入駕駛艙)”，“副駕駛當(dāng)時(shí)意識(shí)到了問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性，然后解決了問(wèn)題”。故本題答案為the gravity of the situation。
9．TWA and(now．defunct)Pan Am
線(xiàn)索詞：people admired the pilots，travel around theworld．fall in love
定位處：倒數(shù)第四段。
解析：該段提及了人們過(guò)去對(duì)于飛行員工作的羨慕：“多年以前，提起環(huán)球航空公司和泛美航空公司 (現(xiàn)已倒閉)，人們就會(huì)想到為其工作的員工的形象：他們‘生活得多美好，待遇好，還能夠在空中環(huán)游世界，墜入愛(ài)河，這一切都在二十多歲就已實(shí)現(xiàn)了?！薄梢?jiàn)兩大具有代表性的航空公司應(yīng)為T(mén)WA和PanAm。
10．the intense security situation
線(xiàn)索詞：have to deal with a lot more stresses
定位處：倒數(shù)第二段。
解析：該段引用芬克的話(huà)指出，由于安全形勢(shì)緊張，如今的飛行員在工作中需要承受更大壓力。他們需要擔(dān)心恐怖襲擊等安全威脅。故答案為me intense security situation。</P><P>Part III Listening Comprehension
Section A
11. B
M: Our basketball team's won every game so far.
W: Isn't that because of the new coach?
Q: What does the woman imply?
【聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)】
1．兩項(xiàng)以the team開(kāi)頭，兩項(xiàng)以the new coach開(kāi)頭。
2．四項(xiàng)均為表示判斷的句子。
結(jié)論：對(duì)話(huà)可能與球隊(duì)和新教練有關(guān)。
【解析】男士說(shuō)：“到目前為止，我們的籃球隊(duì)贏得了所有比賽?！迸炕卮鸬溃骸斑@難道不是因?yàn)樾陆叹毜木壒蕟?”言外之意即是：新教練的作用非同一般。故選B。
12．A
W: Were there a lot of people at the concert last night?
M: It was really pretty crowded; some people were standing in theaisles.
Q: What does the man mean?
【聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)】
1．兩項(xiàng)含有與音樂(lè)會(huì)有關(guān)的詞；E(concert，seats)。
2．兩項(xiàng)與人有關(guān)(crowd，people)，應(yīng)是指觀(guān)眾。
結(jié)論：對(duì)話(huà)可能與音樂(lè)會(huì)以及觀(guān)眾有關(guān)。
【解析】女士問(wèn)昨晚的音樂(lè)會(huì)是不是人非常多。男士回答道：“擠得不得了，還有些人站在過(guò)道里?！笨梢?jiàn)觀(guān)看音樂(lè)會(huì)的人非常多。故選A。
13．A
M: Do you have any idea what this notice is about?
W: I'm as in the dark as you are.
Q: What does the woman mean?
【聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)】
1．四項(xiàng)均以she開(kāi)頭，其中三項(xiàng)為否定句。
2．兩項(xiàng)與看有關(guān)(see，notice)。兩項(xiàng)提及字跡(wfidn9，mark)，應(yīng)該是看的對(duì)象。
結(jié)論：本題可能與女士無(wú)法看清或看懂某信息有關(guān)。
【解析】男士問(wèn)：“這個(gè)通知是關(guān)于什么的，你看明白了嗎?”女士回答道：“我和你一樣，也沒(méi)看明白?！北绢}考查固定搭配“be in thedark(在黑暗中，全然不知)”。故選A。
14．C
W: I thought you were planning to take that psychology course atgraduate school.
M: I was, but I spoke with Dean Johnson and she talked me out ofit.
Q: What did Dean Johnson do?
【聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)】
1．四項(xiàng)均以she開(kāi)頭，其中三項(xiàng)為she…theman這一結(jié)構(gòu)。
2．兩項(xiàng)含有與心理有關(guān)的詞匯(psychology，psychologist)。
3．三項(xiàng)含有與學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)的詞匯(lecture，class，course，graduate school)。
結(jié)論：本題可能與女士勸男士做或不做某事有關(guān)。
【解析】本題中出現(xiàn)了一位新的女士，因此選項(xiàng)中的she并非對(duì)話(huà)中說(shuō)話(huà)的女士。對(duì)話(huà)中女士說(shuō)道：“我以為你計(jì)劃選研究生院的那門(mén)心理學(xué)課程的?！蹦惺炕卮穑骸拔以臼窍脒x的，但我和約翰遜院長(zhǎng)談了一下，她勸我還是別選了?！惫蔬xC。本題的考點(diǎn)為固定搭配talk sb．outof sth．(勸說(shuō)某人不做某事)。
15．B
W: The seminar originally scheduled for today has been cancelled,
M: Too bad, but it's still on for next week, isn't it?
Q: What does the man assume about the seminar?
【聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)】
1．三項(xiàng)提及it。
2．兩項(xiàng)與it的時(shí)間或次數(shù)有關(guān)(the following week，two seminars)。
結(jié)論：結(jié)合選項(xiàng)C中的attend可推知，it應(yīng)是指某種課程或會(huì)議。
【解析】女士說(shuō)：“原定于今天舉行的seminar(研討課)被取消了?！蹦惺炕卮穑骸澳翘愀饬?，但下個(gè)星期還有，是不是”由此可以推斷，男士認(rèn)為下個(gè)星期這個(gè)研討課還會(huì)繼續(xù)上。故選B。
16．D
M: Judy's taking sixteen credits and working in a computer centertoo.
W: How she manages to handle all that? I'll never understand.
Q: What does the woman mean?
【聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)】
1．四項(xiàng)均以she開(kāi)頭，均提及Judy。
2．兩項(xiàng)含有與Judy的工作有關(guān)的信息，一項(xiàng)含有與她學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)的信息。
結(jié)論：對(duì)話(huà)可能談到Judy的學(xué)習(xí)或工作，也可能二者兼而有之，應(yīng)留意對(duì)話(huà)中女士的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。
【解析】男士說(shuō)：“朱迪選修了16個(gè)學(xué)分，同時(shí)她還在計(jì)算機(jī)中心工作。”女士回答道：“她怎么能應(yīng)付這么多的事情，我真是無(wú)法理解。”故選D。
17．A
W: Where do you want me to drop you off ?
M: Right here is fine.
Q: What will the man probably do?
【聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)】
1．四項(xiàng)均為以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭的短語(yǔ)。
2．三項(xiàng)含有與開(kāi)車(chē)有關(guān)的詞匯(car，parking，turn)。
結(jié)論：本題可能考查某人將要做某事，與開(kāi)車(chē)有關(guān)。
【解析】女士問(wèn)男士：“你想在什么地方下車(chē)?”男士回答：“這里就行?！笨梢?jiàn)男士即將下車(chē)。故選A。注意掌握drop sb．off這一固定表達(dá)，該短語(yǔ)意為“(開(kāi)車(chē)的人停下車(chē))讓某人下車(chē)”。另一相關(guān)短語(yǔ)pick sb．up意為“開(kāi)車(chē)接某人”。
18．C
W: Is that math course really as hard as everybody says?
M: Worse, believe it or not.
Q: What does the man say about the course?
【聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)】
1．四項(xiàng)均含有it’s。it’a后面的表語(yǔ)均為hard或harder。
2．兩項(xiàng)含有he。
結(jié)論：本題與做某事比較困難有關(guān)，應(yīng)留意男士說(shuō)話(huà)的內(nèi)容。
【解析】女士問(wèn)男士：“數(shù)學(xué)課是不是真像大家說(shuō)得那么難?”男士回答道：“信不信由你，我覺(jué)得比大家說(shuō)的更難。”故選C。
Conversation One
W: Can I see your license and registration please?
M: What's the matter, officer? Did I do something wrong?
W: You were speeding.
M: [20] I was speeding?
W: You certainly were. Do you have any idea how fast you weregoing?
M: I'm not sure, but I think I was going about 35.
W: This street is in a 25-mile-per-hour speed zone, you know.
M: It is?
W: In this state, the speed limit in residential area is 25 unlessotherwise posted. [19] Besides, there are signs all along this street.
M: I'm sorry, officer, [20] I guess I didn't notice. I wasthinking about my job interview.I,m on my way to it right now and I hadn'tplanned to come this way,
W: What do you mean?
M: Well, I was going to come down Fleet Street but the traffic wasreally backed up. There was some kind of
construction going on. I turned on to a side street and ended uphere. Give me a break. I'm nervous enough as it is.
W: [21] Well, since you have an interview. I'll give you a warningthis time. But keep your eye on the speedometer from now on, whether you're ona street you are familiar with or not.
19. Why did the police officer think the man should notice thespeed limit?
20. What can be inferred about the man?
21. What did the police officer finally do?
19．C
【聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)】
1．兩項(xiàng)提及speed。
2．四項(xiàng)均含有與駕車(chē)有關(guān)的詞；E(speed limits，speed，signs along the road，driving license)。
結(jié)論：本題可能與駕車(chē)、超速等有關(guān)。
【解析】題干問(wèn)為什么女交警認(rèn)為男士應(yīng)該能注意到限速標(biāo)志。在對(duì)話(huà)中女交警提到，州政府的規(guī)定是除非特殊告知，在住宅區(qū)域的高限速是25千米，小時(shí)，而且在路的兩旁都有標(biāo)示牌。故選C。對(duì)話(huà)中的along this street被替換成為along the road。
20．D
【聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)】
1．四項(xiàng)均為以he開(kāi)頭的完整句子。
2．兩項(xiàng)含有與駕車(chē)有關(guān)的詞匯(speedometer，speeding)。
3．一項(xiàng)提及男士在上班的路上，一項(xiàng)提及男士的住處。
結(jié)論：本題考查對(duì)男士情況的判斷。
【解析】由對(duì)話(huà)內(nèi)容可以判斷，男士并沒(méi)有注意到路邊的限速標(biāo)示牌，也沒(méi)有意識(shí)到自己在超速行駛，因?yàn)樗贿呴_(kāi)車(chē)一邊在想待會(huì)兒要面試的事?？梢?jiàn)D正確。男士是在去參加面試的路上，因此A錯(cuò)誤。對(duì)話(huà)中雖然提到“speedometer(速度計(jì))”，但并沒(méi)有提到男士的速度計(jì)壞掉了，B也可排除。男士要面試的地方在艦隊(duì)街，并不是說(shuō)他住在艦隊(duì)街，所以C也不正確。
21．B
【聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)】
1．四項(xiàng)均以she開(kāi)頭，均含有the man。
2．三項(xiàng)含有與處罰有關(guān)的詞匯(took away…license，warning，speeding ticket)。
結(jié)論：本題可能與女交警對(duì)男士的處罰有關(guān)。
【解析】由于男士即將參加一個(gè)面試，因此女交警只給予他警告處分，告訴他無(wú)論行駛在熟悉的還是不熟悉的道路上，都要注意看車(chē)的速度計(jì)。故選B。
Conversation Two
W：[22]Hey!You got a new television．
M：Yeah!It was delivered yesterday．What do youthink of it?
W：It’s huge．Itpractically takes up the entire side of the room．
M: I know, I know. You don't think it's...well.., excessive, doyou?
W: I didn't say that. I mean, if you enjoy it, why not? Whathappened to your old TV, anyhow?
M: [23] It just stopped working last Friday. It was pretty old anddidn't work well. I thought: I can afford it, why not get a new one?
W: It must've been very expensive.
M: Well, not as much as you might think. I got it on sale for 50%off.
W: Really? Where?
M: At the Household Appliances City on Route 7. You know at firstI just wanted to replace what I had--a TV of about the same size and quality.But the salesman was pushing these because of the 50% off.
W: Yeah. But 50% off what?
M: 2,400 dollars.
W: You spent $1,200 on a TV?
M: It's got a lot of special features. Look at this remotecontrol.
W: I'm sure. [24] But that's still a lot of money for atelevision. I didn't think you watch TV that much.
M: Well, I don't. Do you think I ought to return it? If I do itwithin a week of purchase, I can get my money back.
W: Honesdy, yes. And you know what, [25] I think you ought to readup on relative websites first and choose the model you want before you go tothe store. That way you will get what you want.
M: I think you are right.
22. What is the main topic of the conversation?
23. Why did the man buy a new TV?
24. What is the woman's attitude toward the television?
25. What will the man probably do as a result of the conversation?
22．C
【聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)】四項(xiàng)均為以a開(kāi)頭的名詞短語(yǔ)，分別為“一個(gè)受歡迎的電視節(jié)目、一項(xiàng)技術(shù)突破、近的購(gòu)物、一家新開(kāi)的電器商店”。可能考查對(duì)話(huà)談?wù)摰脑?huà)題是什么。
【解析】女士看到了男士新買(mǎi)的一臺(tái)屏幕巨大的電視，隨后與他談?wù)摿速I(mǎi)電視的經(jīng)過(guò)、電視的價(jià)格以及是否有必要買(mǎi)這么貴的一臺(tái)電視等等?？梢?jiàn)對(duì)話(huà)談?wù)摰暮诵脑?huà)題是近的購(gòu)物。故選c。
23．A
【聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)】
1．四項(xiàng)均以because開(kāi)頭。
2．一項(xiàng)提及old one的缺點(diǎn)，一項(xiàng)提及new TV set的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
結(jié)論：本題可能考查購(gòu)買(mǎi)新電視的原因。
【解析】在對(duì)話(huà)中男士說(shuō)，他以前的電視又老又不好用，于是他想“既然能負(fù)擔(dān)得起，為什么不買(mǎi)一臺(tái)新的?”選項(xiàng)A為對(duì)話(huà)中信息的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。
24．D
【聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)】
1．四項(xiàng)均以she開(kāi)頭。
2．兩項(xiàng)含有與電視有關(guān)的詞匯(model，remote controls)，另兩項(xiàng)結(jié)尾處的it也應(yīng)指代電視。
結(jié)論：本題可能考查女士對(duì)男士所買(mǎi)電視的觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度。
【解析】女士對(duì)于男士花1200美元買(mǎi)了一臺(tái)電視感到驚訝，并且由于男士平時(shí)不怎么看電視，她覺(jué)得男士不應(yīng)該買(mǎi)一臺(tái)這么貴的。故選D。
25．A
【聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)】
1．四項(xiàng)均為以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭的短語(yǔ)。
2．兩項(xiàng)提及television。
結(jié)論：本題涉及某人將要做某事，可能與男士將如何處置這臺(tái)新電視有關(guān)。
【解析】對(duì)話(huà)后女士覺(jué)得男士好把這臺(tái)昂貴的電視退掉，而且應(yīng)該在購(gòu)買(mǎi)之前先在相關(guān)網(wǎng)站上研究一下不同電視機(jī)的型號(hào)，挑選一臺(tái)真正適合他的。故選A。
Section B
Passage One
【聽(tīng)力原文】
Jacqueline is a teenage girl. She thinks she is a bit too fat, orrather too strong. But she doesn't know how she became that way. Nowadays,people become interested in losing weight because being overweight can bringabout many diseases. Jacqueline has made up her mind to follow others' exampleand plans to lose weight as well. [26]Sometimes she feels so unhappy withoutknowing why. At these times, she often goes out to restaurants, bars andsupermarkets for food. The things she likes to eat include bread, biscuits, andchocolates. Although she feels very full in her stomach, she can't stop eatingbecause of the enjoyment she gets. She is a little worried about her behaviorand thinks that she might have an unknown disease or an unhealthy mind. Withthese questions,
Jacqueline went to see a doctor. The doctor doesn't think she has adisease, but suggests that she need self-discipline. People often say "eatless and exercise more," but one needs discipline to follow this advice.Since Jacqueline says she enjoys eating although she feels very full, thedoctor thinks this might be because Jacqueline wants to forget about finishingwork or doing a complicated homework assignment. [27] Her feeling ofunhappiness could start from something deeper, such as problems with familymembers or friends. The doctor says that Jaeque line needs to find somethingthat can bring fun to her life. [28] Perhaps she should give up the habit ofeating too much, and do something else instead, such as talking to someone overthe phone, playing a video game or drinking extra tea. These methods could helpJacqueline change the habit of eating too much and become healthy again.
26. What does Jacqueline normally do when she feels unhappy?
27. According to the doctor, which could be the real reason whyJacqueline eats too much when feeling unhappy?
28. Which of the following suggestions is NOT made by the doctor?
【整體預(yù)測(cè)】
快速瀏覽各題選項(xiàng)，根據(jù)buys、many、a lot of、problems、teachers、classmates、diet coke等關(guān)鍵詞推測(cè)，短文與某人過(guò)度做某事、遇到問(wèn)題并設(shè)法解決有關(guān)。此人的身份可能是學(xué)生。具體情況需要進(jìn)一步在聽(tīng)音中辨別。
26．C
【解題思路】
1．四項(xiàng)均為以she開(kāi)頭的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)句子，均與生活習(xí)慣有(buys，eats，sleeps)。
2．四項(xiàng)均含有表示很多的詞匯(many，alot of,agreatdeal)。
結(jié)論：本題可能與某位女士不健康的生活習(xí)慣有關(guān)。
【解析】題干問(wèn)當(dāng)杰奎琳感覺(jué)不開(kāi)心的時(shí)候通常會(huì)做什么事情。短文開(kāi)頭處提到，有時(shí)她會(huì)覺(jué)得莫名其妙地不開(kāi)心，每當(dāng)這時(shí)候，她總會(huì)去餐館、酒吧、超市去找吃的東西。故選C。
27．B
【解題思路】
1．四項(xiàng)均以problems with開(kāi)頭。
2．兩項(xiàng)與校園生活有關(guān)(teachers，classmates)。
結(jié)論：本題可能考查與某人遇到的與校園生活有關(guān)的煩惱。
【解析】題干問(wèn)導(dǎo)致杰奎琳在不開(kāi)心時(shí)大量吃東西的真正原因是什么。短文提到，由于杰奎琳即使感覺(jué)很飽也喜歡吃東西，醫(yī)生判斷她有可能是想忘掉必須完成某項(xiàng)工作或者復(fù)雜的作業(yè)的壓力。她不開(kāi)心的感覺(jué)可能由更深層次的原因造成的，比如與家人或朋友之間存在矛盾?？梢?jiàn)本題應(yīng)選B。
28．A
【解題思路】四項(xiàng)均以動(dòng)詞ing形式開(kāi)頭(substituting，talking，playing，drinking)，相互之間的關(guān)聯(lián)度不高，可能考查某人的行為。
【解析】題目問(wèn)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中哪一項(xiàng)不屬于醫(yī)生給杰奎琳的建議，應(yīng)采用排除法，將選項(xiàng)與短文信息一一核對(duì)，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)A未提及，應(yīng)為本題答案。
Passage Two
【聽(tīng)力原文】
[29] Corn was one food that dominated the food-growing activitiesof those early American Indiantribes that relied on farming for food. The earlyfarmers, or the American Indians, planted lots of varieties of corn, includingthe kind of corn that we eat today as popcorn. The corn was prepared indifferent ways. It could be eaten fresh from the field; sometimes it wasboiled; sometimes the corn was roasted or parched. E301 But most of the cornwas dried on the cob, and later it was ground into flour. The advantage of thismethod was that the dried corn could bc stored for long periods of time withoutspoiling. The American Indians harvested the corns twice, the first harvest wasthe green corn or sweet corn harvest. This harvest was accompanied by aceremony of
thanksgiving. The farmers thought that this celebration wouldprotect the farmers from disaster. The final harvesting of the ripe corn andthe harvest ceremony took place about six weeks later. During this harvesting,the farmers pulled back the husks of corn and braided them together. Bigbundles were prepared this way and were dried for use later on throughout thewinter. [31] After the corn was eaten, these farmers used the dried husks tomake all sorts of different things like mats, moccasins (軟拖鞋), dolls and ceremonial masks.
29. What is the main subject of this talk?
30. According to the speaker, how was most of the corn prepared?
31. After the farmers ate the corn from the second corn harvest,what did they do with the husks?
【整體預(yù)測(cè)】
快速瀏覽各題選項(xiàng)，根據(jù)corn、planting、harvest、prepare、boiled、dried、braided(編成辮)、steamed、husk(外皮)推測(cè)，短文與玉米的種植、收獲和食用方式有關(guān)。具體細(xì)節(jié)需在聽(tīng)音中進(jìn)一步分析。
29．A
【解題思路】四項(xiàng)均為名詞短語(yǔ)，雖有三項(xiàng)都提及corn，但各個(gè)選項(xiàng)相互之間關(guān)聯(lián)度不高，又由于本題為該短文的第一題，因此很有可能考查短文的主題。
【解析】短文第一句說(shuō)道：“玉米是早期的美洲印第安部落主要依賴(lài)的一種農(nóng)作物”，接下來(lái)短文介紹了印第安人如何食用和儲(chǔ)存玉米，一年收獲幾次，玉米皮還可以用來(lái)做什么等等。因此選項(xiàng)A“美洲印第安人與玉米”好地概括了短文主題。
30．C
【解題思路】
1．四項(xiàng)均以it was開(kāi)頭。
2．四項(xiàng)均含有表示加工方法的動(dòng)詞(boiled，dried，braided，steamed，ground，roasted，wrapped)。
結(jié)論：it指玉米，聽(tīng)音重點(diǎn)應(yīng)放在對(duì)玉米的加工方式上。
【解析】題干問(wèn)大部分的玉米是被如何加工的。短文提到，大部分的玉米被留在穗棒上晾干，然后被磨成粉，這種方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)就是干燥的玉米可以?xún)?chǔ)存更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間而不腐壞。故選C。
31．D
【解題思路】
1．四項(xiàng)均為句子，均提到they和them。
2．四項(xiàng)的謂語(yǔ)均表示加工方式(braided，bundled，used，made)。
結(jié)論：根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及前面幾題可知，they可能指人，them可能指玉米。
【解析】題干問(wèn)：當(dāng)農(nóng)民們吃完了第二次收獲的玉米之后，他們用玉米皮(husks)故什么?預(yù)測(cè)和實(shí)際情況有一些出入，選項(xiàng)中的them不是指玉米，而是玉米皮，但這種預(yù)測(cè)的誤差并不影響聽(tīng)力理解和做題。文章結(jié)尾提到：“Afterthe corn was eaten，these farmers used the dried husks tomake all sorts of different things like mats，moccasins，dolls and ceremonial masks．(當(dāng)玉米被吃完之后，農(nóng)民們用干燥的玉米皮做威各種物品，如：墊子、軟鞋、玩偶以及各種儀式上使用的面具等等。)”故選D。
Passage Three
【聽(tīng)力原文】
Today, I would like to begin by discussing early Europeansettlement along one of our well known rivers --the Hudson, which empties intothe Atlantic to form New York bay. [32]The Hudson river has a couple ofinteresting physical features that made it very attractive for settlement bythe Europeans. [33] The first is that the river extends inland from theAtlantic Ocean for more than 150 miles with no waterfalls or rapids. Itssurface is virtually fiat for that entire distance, with no obstacles. Second,[34] the whole 150 mile stretch is influenced by tides from the Atlantic Ocean.Roughly every six hours, the river reverses direction, flowing north when thetide is rising and south toward the ocean when the tide is going down.Obviously there were no obstacles to prevent settlers from moving furtherupstream on the Hudson river, and this explains why the Dutch penetrated so farinland. They were the first Europeans to settle in the Hudson valley. Ofcourse, to go upstream, the Dutch settlers needed the right kind of boat, andso to navigate the river, they designed a sloop with only one mast but with twosails, one rigged in front of the mast and one behind. [35] The mast was verytall, in many cases over 100 feet tall, so that the large sails could catchwinds blowing above the shore line hills. Hudson river sloops carriedpassengers and cargo. The cargo ranging from coal, lumber and hay to fruit,vegetables and livestock. Travelling only ten miles an hour in a good wind, thesloop was not too speedy by modern standards, but it was ideally suited to theDutch settlement, and in fact when the steam boat eventually was introduced, itcouldn't keep up with the sloop.
32. What attracted the Europeans to the Hudson river area?
33. What is the characteristic of the first 150 miles inland onthe Hudson river?
34. How do tides from the Atlantic Ocean influence the Hudson river?
35. According to the speaker, why did Hudson fiver sloops havetall .masts?
【整體預(yù)測(cè)】
快速瀏覽各題選項(xiàng)，根據(jù)shipbuilding、river、climate、rapids、waterfalls、wind、navigation、storms、riverboats、waves、current、flow、tide、sails等關(guān)鍵詞推測(cè)，該短文可能與河流有關(guān)，此外還會(huì)談到河流的通航、水流、河上的風(fēng)、船上的帆等等。具體細(xì)節(jié)需要進(jìn)一步分析各個(gè)選項(xiàng)。
32．B
【解題思路】
1．四項(xiàng)均為以the開(kāi)頭的名詞短語(yǔ)，但從后兩項(xiàng)來(lái)看，并不像是考查主旨的題目。
2．兩項(xiàng)含有與優(yōu)點(diǎn)有關(guān)的詞匯(strength，abundance)。
結(jié)論：本題可能是問(wèn)某種優(yōu)勢(shì)，具體內(nèi)容可能與河流有關(guān)。
【解析】題干問(wèn)是什么吸引歐洲人來(lái)到了哈德遜河流域。文章開(kāi)頭處提到：“哈德遜河因其自身具有的某些有趣的自然特征吸引了歐洲人來(lái)此區(qū)域定居。”選項(xiàng)B中的physical features為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選B。
33．A
【解題思路】
1．四項(xiàng)均為句子，其中兩項(xiàng)以there開(kāi)頭。
2．兩項(xiàng)含有與航行有關(guān)的詞匯(navigation，riverboats)。
3．三項(xiàng)含有與自然條件有關(guān)的詞匯(rapids，waterfalls，wind，storms)。
結(jié)論：?jiǎn)栴}可能涉及航行與自然條件的關(guān)系，需留意該河流有什么樣的特征。
【解析】短文中提到：這條河流自大西洋向內(nèi)陸延伸150多英里，沒(méi)有任何瀑布和湍流，河面全程都非常平靜，沒(méi)有任何障礙。選項(xiàng)A中的rapids or waterfalls與文中相比只是兩詞調(diào)換了順序。故選A。
34．C
【解題思路】
1．四項(xiàng)均為句子，其中兩項(xiàng)以the river開(kāi)頭。
2．四項(xiàng)均含有與河水的流動(dòng)有關(guān)的詞匯(big waves，current，flows，high tides)。
結(jié)論：需留意河水的流動(dòng)具有什么特征。
【解析】短文中提到：哈德遜河150英里的全流域都受到大西洋潮汐的影響。幾乎每隔6個(gè)小時(shí)，河水就要反向倒流，當(dāng)漲潮的時(shí)候，河水向北流，當(dāng)落潮的時(shí)候，河水向南流?？梢?jiàn)，河水的流向在一天之內(nèi)要變換幾次，故選C。
35．B
【解題思路】
1．四項(xiàng)均為以to引導(dǎo)的不定式短語(yǔ)，表目的。To后面所接的動(dòng)詞中，兩項(xiàng)為allow，一項(xiàng)為catch，一項(xiàng)為add。
2．兩項(xiàng)提及sails(風(fēng)帆)。
結(jié)論：本題可能與做某事的目的有關(guān)，需留意與風(fēng)帆有關(guān)的信息。
【解析】短文中部指出：The mast was very tall，in many cases over100 feet tall，so that the large sails could catch windsblowing above the shore line hills．為了適應(yīng)哈德遜河特殊的水文環(huán)境，荷蘭人設(shè)計(jì)了一種單桅帆船，這種船有一桅兩帆，一帆在桅前，一帆在桅后，很多時(shí)候，桅桿高達(dá)100英尺，這樣就可以利用到從岸旁的山頂上吹過(guò)來(lái)的風(fēng)。故選B。
Section C
【聽(tīng)力原文】
Fast food, for the first time ever, now makes up more than half ofall the meals eaten outside of the home in the United Kingdom.The recession,and the subsequent squeeze on [36] disposable income, has encouraged millionsof families to cut back on spending on [37] luxuries, especially on meals in restaurants.This has encouraged many to [38]trade down to cheaper meals, especially burgersand fried chicken.According to NPD, the market research company which [39]tracks consumer spending, 5.54 billion visits were made to a fast food [40]chain in the year 2011, out of the 11 billion meals eaten in I41] total out ofthe home--be it at a work [42] canteen, restaurant, pub or sandwich shop.Thismeans that 50.4 percent of all[43] meals eaten out of the home are now at aso-called quick service restaurant, up from 47.3 percent just two years ago.The term "quick service restaurant" [44] is used by the industry todescribe any outlet where the consumer queues to buy take-away food so thisdoes include coffee shops.Guy Fielding at NPD said: "It's a lot abouttrading down. Because fast food has become so cheap,[45] it has driven familiesin particular away from independent restaurants and pubs to the fast foodchains.""Families want to know what they are getting. And [46] withthe likes of McDonald's or KFC they know it is a consistent experience and goodvalue."
36．disposable可任意支配的 40．chain連鎖店
37．1uxury奢侈品41．total全部的，所有的
38．trade(down)購(gòu)進(jìn)價(jià)格較低的商品42．canteen食堂
39．track追蹤，跟蹤43．meal飯，餐
Part IV Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)
Section A
【參考譯文】
周三發(fā)布的一項(xiàng)研究稱(chēng)，文化程度低的女性比那些文化程度低的男性吃的虧要大得多，在尋求高薪工作的過(guò)程中會(huì)遇到更多[47]困難，而且淪為低收入階層的幾率是男性的兩倍。女性政策研究所的分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，各個(gè)[48]文化層次的女性收入一般都比相同文化程度的男性要低，在文化水平低的人群中，男女收入差距大。報(bào)告稱(chēng)，文化程度低的女性成為低收入者(每周工資不超過(guò)300美元)的[49]幾率是同一技能水平的男性的兩倍。TWPR的[51]高級(jí)助理研究員、研究論文的合著者凱文•米勒說(shuō)，“因?yàn)榕怨べY的起點(diǎn)太低，提高文化水平和技能確實(shí)[50]有重大意義?！泵桌辗Q(chēng)，要想和男性賺得一樣多，女性相比于男性需要[52]進(jìn)一步地接受培訓(xùn)和教育。這一[53]分析是基于2009年國(guó)家成人文化評(píng)估調(diào)查得出的，這一調(diào)查收集了新的[54]可用數(shù)據(jù)，更注重閱讀技能(而非寫(xiě)作能力以及算術(shù)能力)。該報(bào)告[55]收集了來(lái)自全國(guó)具有代表性的19714人的數(shù)據(jù)，這些人年齡都在16歲以上，有住在家中的，也有正在坐牢的。該研究所稱(chēng)，數(shù)據(jù)顯示約三分之一的美國(guó)成年人文化程度較低。男性總數(shù)中的超過(guò)36%、女性總數(shù)中的33%屬于這一[56]類(lèi)別．
【說(shuō)明文：文化程度低的女性容易成為低收入者】
第一段：指出文化程度低的女性在尋求高薪工作的時(shí)候遇到的困難更大。
笫二段：各個(gè)文化層次的女性收入都比相同程度的男性要低。
第三段：文化程度低的女性與男性相比，更易成為低收入者。
第四至五段：指出出現(xiàn)這種情況的原因在于女性工資的起點(diǎn)本來(lái)就低，因此女性接受進(jìn)一步的培洲和教育就顯得尤為重要。
第六段：介紹這一調(diào)查的方式、對(duì)象等基本信息。
第七段：介紹美國(guó)兩種性別的成年人中，低文化程度的人口各自所占的比例。
【答案解析】
47．D
語(yǔ)法判斷：空格前是more，空格后為in finding a well—paying job，空格中應(yīng)填入一個(gè)名詞。
語(yǔ)義判斷：備選項(xiàng)中是名詞的有：pattern、difficulties、category、positions、literacy、analysis，將六個(gè)詞分別代入空格處，較容易選出difficulties為佳答案。故選D。此處意為“與男性相比，女性在尋求高薪工作的過(guò)程中會(huì)遇到更多困難”。
48．K
語(yǔ)法判斷：空格前是at all levels of，空格后為tend to earn less，因此空格處應(yīng)填入名詞。
語(yǔ)義判斷：備選項(xiàng)中是名詞的還有：pattern、category、positions、literacy、analysis。本文探討的是男性和女性的文化程度與其收入的關(guān)系，故此處為at all levels of literacy為合理。literacy意為“文化，教養(yǎng)”，
literacy level在后面也再次出現(xiàn)。本句意為：女性政策研究所的分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，各個(gè)文化層次的女性收入一般都比相同文化程度的男性要低，在文化水平低的人群中，男女收入差距大。故選K。
49．M
語(yǔ)法判斷：空格前是Women with low literacy are twice as，空格后為asmen，因此應(yīng)填入形容詞，且是原形。
語(yǔ)義判斷：備選項(xiàng)中是形容詞原形的或可以用作形容詞的有：senior、available、independent、likely。綜合考慮，likely符合題意，twice as likely as即意為“可能性或者幾率是……的兩倍”。
50． Ｏ
語(yǔ)法判斷：空格前的having higher literacy and more skills是該句主語(yǔ)，really為副詞。空格后為a big型difference，可見(jiàn)空格處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，且注意應(yīng)照應(yīng)主語(yǔ)，為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。
語(yǔ)義判斷：備選項(xiàng)中動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式只有makes；而make a difference也是一個(gè)固定搭配，意
為“有影響，起作用”；do not make any difference意為“沒(méi)有任何影響，不起任何作用”。本題答案為Ｏ。
51．B
語(yǔ)法判斷：空格前是a，空格后為research associate，因此應(yīng)填入形容詞。
語(yǔ)義判斷：備選項(xiàng)中的形容詞還有：senior、longer、available、independent、further，比較可知，senior合題意，即“高級(jí)助理研究員”。
52．N
語(yǔ)法判斷：空格前是Women need to go，空格后為in their training andeducation level，因此空格處應(yīng)填入副詞。
語(yǔ)義判斷：備選項(xiàng)中副詞只有further(進(jìn)一步地。此句意為：“米勒稱(chēng)，要想和男性賺得一樣多，女性術(shù)比于男性需要進(jìn)一步地接受培訓(xùn)和教育?！?BR> 53．L。
語(yǔ)法判斷：空格前是The，空格后為was based on，因此應(yīng)填入名詞。
語(yǔ)義判斷：備選項(xiàng)中的名詞還有：pattern、category、positions、analysis。analysis(分析)符合題意。故選L。
54．H
語(yǔ)法判斷：空格前是the most recent data，空格后為逗號(hào)，應(yīng)填入什么從語(yǔ)法上來(lái)講并不容易判斷。
語(yǔ)義判斷：瀏覽余下的各備選項(xiàng)，collected作為后置定語(yǔ)似乎可以修飾data，表示“近收集到的數(shù)據(jù)”，我們很容易選F項(xiàng)填入此處，但是當(dāng)做到下一題的時(shí)候就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，me data was collectedfrom…這一說(shuō)法是必然的選擇，由于每項(xiàng)只能用，因此本題不能選F。繼續(xù)尋找其他可能的選項(xiàng)，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)H項(xiàng)available讓人眼前一亮，memost recent data available(新的可以獲得的／可用的數(shù)據(jù))，也是一個(gè)通順的搭配，符合此處句意。故選H。
55．F
語(yǔ)法判斷：空格前是That data was，空格后為from an ationally representative sample，應(yīng)填入過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
語(yǔ)義判斷：備選項(xiàng)中的過(guò)去分詞還有collected、conducted，顯然collected符合題意，故為本題的正確答案。
56．E
語(yǔ)法判斷：空格前是that，空格后為逗號(hào)，因此應(yīng)填入名詞。
語(yǔ)義判斷：備選項(xiàng)中的名詞還有：pattern、category、positions，fall into the category為慣用搭配，意即“屬于這一類(lèi)別”，故選E。
【議論文：英國(guó)的工會(huì)制度】
第一段：英國(guó)社會(huì)極其依賴(lài)公共服務(wù)。
第二段：英國(guó)的行業(yè)工會(huì)具有很大的影響力，且趨向于沿著行業(yè)和職業(yè)的方向發(fā)展。
第三段：在這個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)大潤(rùn)整的時(shí)代，由于其落后而低效的結(jié)構(gòu)，工會(huì)之間常常產(chǎn)生摩擦。
第四段：工會(huì)內(nèi)部還面臨著一些交流上的問(wèn)題。不同的工會(huì)有不同的選舉和運(yùn)作方式。
【答案解析】
57．A
定位：根據(jù)題干信息the trade union power和crucial可將答案定位到第二段第一句。
解析：該句提到：“正是由于經(jīng)濟(jì)體系內(nèi)各種經(jīng)濟(jì)因素相互依賴(lài)(this economic interdependency of the economic system)，才使得工會(huì)權(quán)力成為如此重要的問(wèn)題?！边x項(xiàng)A符合題意。
58．D
定位：根據(jù)題干信息out-of-date organization可將答案定位到第三段第一句。
解析：第三段開(kāi)頭處提到：“工會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)面臨許多限制和壓力，其中一些源于工會(huì)本身落后而低效的結(jié)構(gòu)。由于產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整，一些工會(huì)已經(jīng)失去了很多成員。另外一些工會(huì)則面臨一系列爭(zhēng)論：新的行業(yè)中究竟由誰(shuí)來(lái)代表工人?”可見(jiàn)由于其落后的結(jié)構(gòu)，工會(huì)適應(yīng)不了產(chǎn)業(yè)的變化和調(diào)整。故D為正確答案。
59．C
定位：根據(jù)題于信息disagreements arise between unions可將答案定位到第三段第四句。
解析：該句提到：“技術(shù)性行業(yè)的工會(huì)跟一般意義上的工會(huì)是分離的，這意味著，某些工作薪金水平的不同通常會(huì)在各工會(huì)之間引發(fā)摩擦?！笨梢?jiàn)different levels of wages for certain jobs是引發(fā)矛盾的一大原因，但在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中找不到意思相近的表述。我們繼續(xù)向下尋讀即可發(fā)現(xiàn)下一句中提到：“傳統(tǒng)的行業(yè)正逐漸被先進(jìn)的技術(shù)所替代，在這些行業(yè)里，工會(huì)會(huì)為其成員渺無(wú)前景的工作努力抗?fàn)?，使其他工?huì)成員的工作也受到威脅或者破壞?！币簿褪钦f(shuō)，一些工會(huì)會(huì)為了保護(hù)自己成員的利益而犧牲其他工會(huì)成員的利益。故選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。
60．B
定位：根據(jù)題干信息managers in companies可將答案定位到后一段第一句。
解析：該句提到：“和公司中的經(jīng)理們一樣，工會(huì)內(nèi)部也同樣面臨著交流問(wèn)題。在那些大型工會(huì)或者聚集了不同行業(yè)工人的工會(huì)里，這些問(wèn)題成倍增加?！笨梢?jiàn)，工會(huì)和經(jīng)理們的共同點(diǎn)就是在其內(nèi)部存在著溝通不暢的問(wèn)題，故選B。
61．A
定位：根據(jù)題干信息詞title可知解答本題需通觀(guān)全文。
解析：本題問(wèn)選項(xiàng)中適合做文章題目的是哪一項(xiàng)，考查的是全文的主旨。從全文的內(nèi)容看，文章主要闡述了英國(guó)工會(huì)的狀況及其存在的問(wèn)題。故應(yīng)選A。具迷惑性的是D項(xiàng)TheStructure of British Trad, Unions，但其只提到英國(guó)工會(huì)的結(jié)構(gòu)，而沒(méi)有概括其存在的問(wèn)題，故不夠全面。</P><P>【議論文：哈佛大學(xué)的自我反思】
第一段：指出論點(diǎn)——哈佛大學(xué)正在思考：大學(xué)究竟應(yīng)該是什么樣的?
第二段：哈佛大學(xué)內(nèi)部主要質(zhì)疑的問(wèn)題是：哈佛大學(xué)曾經(jīng)的設(shè)想是否能解決現(xiàn)代社會(huì)所面臨的問(wèn)題。
第三段：哈佛大學(xué)應(yīng)該在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中起著怎樣的作用。
第四至五段：哈佛校友李普曼對(duì)論點(diǎn)問(wèn)題的闡釋。
第六段：一些較為激進(jìn)的哈佛學(xué)生認(rèn)為，大學(xué)應(yīng)該成為有作為的捍衛(wèi)者和行動(dòng)者。
第七段：如今哈佛人面臨著很多困惑，但無(wú)論如何，他們的思考都將會(huì)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。
【答案解析】
62．D
定位：根據(jù)題干信息詞paradox可將答案定位到第一段第一句。
解析：paradox意為“person，thingor situation displaying contradictory features(有矛盾特點(diǎn)的人、事物或情況)”。文章第一段提到：“美國(guó)現(xiàn)今有趣的一個(gè)________是，作為美國(guó)高等教育歷史悠久的大學(xué)。哈拂大學(xué)正在進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)嚴(yán)峻的爭(zhēng)論，爭(zhēng)論圍繞的中心問(wèn)題是大學(xué)究竟應(yīng)該是什么樣的，而哈佛大學(xué)又是否符合條件。”作為大學(xué)卻對(duì)自身的合理性、存在的意義產(chǎn)生了疑問(wèn)，不能不說(shuō)是一種自相矛盾。故答案選D。
63．C
定位：根據(jù)題干信息“sanctuary”in paragraph 3可將答案定位到第三段第一行。
解析：sanctuary本意是“圣殿”，在中世紀(jì)一般是指某些教堂或者修道院，可以充當(dāng)躲避任何政府懲罰和迫害的避難所。引申義即是：一個(gè)人們可以躲進(jìn)去以避過(guò)災(zāi)禍的地方。文中使用的就是這個(gè)意思。從該詞后面的apart from the political and social revolution of the age我們也能得出一些線(xiàn)索。故選C。
64．C
定位：根據(jù)題干信息issues in the debate on Harvard’s goals，and whether they should可將答案定位到第三段。
解析：關(guān)于哈佛大學(xué)辦學(xué)的宗旨，第三段提出了三種可能：“哈佛大學(xué)(或者其他大學(xué))是否應(yīng)該也是知識(shí)分子的避難所；或者，它是否應(yīng)該成為一個(gè)進(jìn)行政治和社會(huì)變革實(shí)驗(yàn)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室；或者，它是否甚至應(yīng)該成為改革的動(dòng)力?”三者在大學(xué)參與社會(huì)問(wèn)題的程度問(wèn)題上逐漸深入。其實(shí)，大學(xué)是應(yīng)該獨(dú)立于社會(huì)問(wèn)題之外，保持其公平性，還是應(yīng)該在解決社會(huì)問(wèn)題中起積極作用才是文中人們探討的核心問(wèn)題，也是貫穿文章始終的主旨。故選c。
65．B
定位：根據(jù)題干信息goals and purposes in life，Harvard men alebecomin9可將答案定位到文章后一段。
解析：文章后提到：“如今，哈佛人似乎今非昔比，他們面臨更多困惑，對(duì)自身的定位、政治的和學(xué)術(shù)的目標(biāo)也沒(méi)有當(dāng)初那么明確了。”不難發(fā)現(xiàn)答案為B。
66．A
定位：根據(jù)題干信息the author’s judgment可將答案定位到文章后一段。
解析：文章大部分都在轉(zhuǎn)述他人的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，作者只在后對(duì)所探討的問(wèn)題表述了自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)：無(wú)論終的結(jié)果怎樣，都注定將影響21世紀(jì)美國(guó)的大學(xué)和政治生活。故選A。
PartV Cloze
【文章大意】
語(yǔ)言是人類(lèi)交流的工具，能夠表達(dá)抽象思維，是人與人之間的交流區(qū)別于動(dòng)物交流的主要特征。人類(lèi)可以將語(yǔ)義單位連成句子，也能夠通過(guò)大腦反應(yīng)聽(tīng)懂他人的語(yǔ)言，但無(wú)論是語(yǔ)言的輸出還是輸入，思想和語(yǔ)言之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化都是在瞬間完成的，以至于人們自身都很難意識(shí)到這個(gè)過(guò)程。
【答案解析】
67．A
語(yǔ)境分析：本空位于第一段第二句。文章開(kāi)篇第一句談到，語(yǔ)言是動(dòng)物界驚人的行為。空格位于定語(yǔ)從句中，整個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾前面的species．typical behavior(種特有的行為)，結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，擁有語(yǔ)言也是人類(lèi)和其他動(dòng)物的不同之處，空格處要強(qiáng)調(diào)的正是這種區(qū)別。
詞義分析：set apart“區(qū)分”；off“遠(yuǎn)離的”；up“向上的”；down“向下的”。從用法上看，只有apart可以和set搭配。
68．B
語(yǔ)境分析：本空位于第一段第三句。本題空格位于后半個(gè)分句的開(kāi)頭，前面說(shuō)語(yǔ)言是一種交流方式，由空格后面的it is much more than that可知。前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。
詞義分析：so“因此”；but“但是”；or“或者”；for“因?yàn)椤薄?BR> 69．D
語(yǔ)境分析：本空位于第一段第四句。由后文中列舉的蜜蜂通過(guò)舞蹈?jìng)鬟f信息的例子可知，此處要表達(dá)的是動(dòng)物能夠交流。
詞義分析：transfer“轉(zhuǎn)移”；transmit“發(fā)送信號(hào)”；convey“傳遞，輸送”；communicate“溝通，交流”。
70．A
語(yǔ)境分析：本空位于第一段第五句。由空格所在的位置及前后信息判斷，此處要填入一個(gè)表示信息傳送方向的介詞。communicate常與介詞to搭配，表示“將……傳遞給……”。
詞義分析：to“向”；from“從……”；0ver“在……上面”；on“在……上”。
71．C
語(yǔ)境分析：本空位于第一段第六句?？崭袼诰湟鉃椤叭祟?lèi)語(yǔ)言可以交流任何事物，__________是像獨(dú)角獸這樣從來(lái)不存在的事物”，由此可以判斷空格處需要填入一個(gè)表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的詞。
詞義分析：only“僅僅’’；almost“幾乎，差不多”；even“甚至”；just“僅僅，只是”。
72．D
語(yǔ)境分析：本空位于第一段后一句。由空格前后內(nèi)容可知，此處需要填入一個(gè)能夠與in搭配的動(dòng)詞，表達(dá)“關(guān)鍵(the key)在于……”。
詞義分析：stay“停留”；situate“使位于”，是及物動(dòng)詞，后面不需要接介詞；hide“掩蓋”；lie“位于”，后常接介詞in。
73．B
語(yǔ)境分析：本空位于第一段后一句。句子的主語(yǔ)是“語(yǔ)義單位(即單詞)”，空格后是副詞together，因此空格處需要填入動(dòng)詞，表達(dá)“語(yǔ)義單位(即單詞)可以通過(guò)不同的方式組成句子”。
詞義分析：stick“黏附”；string“把……連在一起”，string(the units of meaning，words)together即指“把(語(yǔ)義單位/單詞)連成句子”；ring“包圍”；consist“由……組成”。
74．A
語(yǔ)境分析：本空仍位于第一段后一句?？崭袼诓糠譃椴迦胝Z(yǔ)，整句話(huà)意為“……根據(jù)__________，，語(yǔ)義單位(即單詞)可以通過(guò)不同的方式組成句子，以表達(dá)不同的意思”。由上下文語(yǔ)境及常識(shí)可以判斷，把語(yǔ)義單位組合起來(lái)要依據(jù)一定的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，所以本題答案應(yīng)為rules。
詞義分析：rule“規(guī)則”；scale“刻度；比例”；law“法律”；standard“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”。
75．C
語(yǔ)境分析：本空位于第二段第二句，該句意為“沒(méi)有什么比擁有表達(dá)抽象思維的能力能更好地__________，人類(lèi)，……關(guān)于宇宙、精神、愛(ài)、夢(mèng)想或點(diǎn)一杯飲料”。擁有表達(dá)抽象思維的能力是人類(lèi)的一大特征，也是人與動(dòng)物的區(qū)別所在。c項(xiàng)define貼合文意，故為正確答案。詞義分析：combine“結(jié)合”；contain“包含”；define“定義”；declare“宣布”。
76．B
語(yǔ)境分析：本空仍位于第二段第二句，該句意為“沒(méi)有什么比擁有表達(dá)抽象思維的能力能更好地定義人類(lèi)，__________，關(guān)于宇宙、精神、愛(ài)、夢(mèng)想或點(diǎn)一杯飲料”。句子前后不存在轉(zhuǎn)折或假設(shè)關(guān)系，逗號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容是對(duì)句子前半部分的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，因此只有B項(xiàng)whether符合句意，且與后面的確or構(gòu)成搭配。詞義分析：what“無(wú)論什么”，可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句；whether“無(wú)論”；while“然而”；if“如果”。
77．C
語(yǔ)境分析：本空位于第二段第三句。本句承接上句，句首的it指上句提到的“表達(dá)抽象思維”。該句意為“這是我們認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然的、一個(gè)極其復(fù)雜的__________，”。顯然，“表達(dá)抽象思維”應(yīng)是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的過(guò)程，故選process。
詞義分析：prospect“前景；預(yù)期”；progress“進(jìn)步”；process“過(guò)程”；produce“產(chǎn)生”。
78．A
語(yǔ)境分析：本空位于第二段第四句。該句意為“確實(shí)，我們對(duì)自身的語(yǔ)言和理解的大部分__________，都沒(méi)有意識(shí)”?？崭裉幍拿~作“語(yǔ)言和理解”的中心語(yǔ)，由上文可知此處應(yīng)是指人們對(duì)于自身的語(yǔ)言和理解的諸多方面都沒(méi)有意識(shí)，故選A。
詞義分析：aspect“方面”；abstract“摘要；抽象”；angle“角度”；assumption“假設(shè)”。
79．B
語(yǔ)境分析：本空位于第二段第五句。該句意為“想一下當(dāng)一個(gè)人和__________，說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生什么”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有another能與person前的one呼應(yīng)，故選B。
詞義分析：anybody“任何人”；another“另一個(gè)人”；other“其他人”；everybody“每個(gè)人”。
80．D
語(yǔ)境分析：本空位于第二段第六句。該句意為“說(shuō)話(huà)者必須把想法轉(zhuǎn)化為_(kāi)_________表達(dá)?！备鶕?jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知。想法是頭腦中的思想，需轉(zhuǎn)化為“口語(yǔ)表達(dá)”才能為他人所知，故此處應(yīng)為spoken language，答 案選D。 詞義分析：body“身體”，body language意為“肢體語(yǔ)言”；gesture“姿態(tài)；手勢(shì)”，gesture language一般指“手語(yǔ)”，也可指“肢體語(yǔ)言”；written“書(shū)面的”，written language指“書(shū)面語(yǔ)言”；spoken“口語(yǔ)的，說(shuō)出來(lái) 的”，spoken language即“口語(yǔ)表達(dá)”。
81．D
語(yǔ)境分析：本空位于二段第七句。該句承接上句，還是討論想法如何轉(zhuǎn)化為口頭表達(dá)的問(wèn)題。空格所在句意為“大腦成像研究表明，想法轉(zhuǎn)化為語(yǔ)言__________的速度極快”。口語(yǔ)表達(dá)即為語(yǔ)言的組織或建構(gòu)，故應(yīng)為building。
詞義分析：grow“成長(zhǎng)，發(fā)展”；fix“固定；修理；安裝”；begin“開(kāi)始”；build“建立”。
82．D
語(yǔ)境分析：本空位于第二段第八句。此處考查固定搭配。根據(jù)空格后的what the speaker means推斷，空格處的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與out構(gòu)成表示“理解，領(lǐng)會(huì)”之意的固定短語(yǔ)，故答案為figure。
詞義分析：putout“熄滅；發(fā)表”；takeout“拿出”；draw out“抽出；拉長(zhǎng)”；figure out“理解，領(lǐng)會(huì)”。
83．A
語(yǔ)境分析：本空位于文章倒數(shù)第三句。第二段后半部分都是在討論“一個(gè)人和另一個(gè)人在說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生什么”。句首的he指代前一句中的the listener，空格所在部分意為“聽(tīng)者必須利用聽(tīng)到的聲音來(lái)__________說(shuō)話(huà)者所說(shuō)的單詞”，選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)identify符合句意。
詞義分析：identify“識(shí)別，辨別”；locate“定位”；reveal“顯示；揭露”；discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)”。
84．D
語(yǔ)境分析：本空位于文章倒數(shù)第三句。由該句大意及選項(xiàng)可知，此處應(yīng)選D，表示“理解詞匯(或句子的組織形式”，layout意為“布局；組織；設(shè)計(jì)”，符合題意，故為正確答案。
詞義分析：performance“表演；表現(xiàn)”；0rganization“組織；機(jī)構(gòu)”；design“設(shè)計(jì)”；layout“布局；組織”。
85．D
語(yǔ)境分析：本空仍位于文章倒數(shù)第三句?？崭袂懊嫠v的“辨別說(shuō)話(huà)者所說(shuō)的單詞”和“理解詞匯(或句子)的組織形式”都是為了終“領(lǐng)會(huì)(說(shuō)話(huà)者)所說(shuō)內(nèi)容的含義”。此外，本題還考查動(dòng)賓搭配，根據(jù)空格 后的the meanin9可知，答案應(yīng)為interpret。故選D。
詞義分析：prescribe“規(guī)定；開(kāi)處方”；justify“證明……正當(dāng)或有理”；utter“說(shuō)出，表達(dá)”；interpret“解釋?zhuān)活I(lǐng)會(huì)”。
86．C
語(yǔ)境分析：本空位于文章后一句。倒數(shù)第二句提到，聽(tīng)者從聽(tīng)到說(shuō)話(huà)者的話(huà)到真正理解話(huà)語(yǔ)內(nèi)容大約需要至少0．5秒的時(shí)間。該句意為“但這個(gè)過(guò)程__________開(kāi)始，當(dāng)然會(huì)是一個(gè)連續(xù)不斷的過(guò)程”。0nce意為 “一旦”，符合上下文意。故選C。
詞義分析：since“因?yàn)?；自……以?lái)”；after“在……以后”；0nce“一旦”；until“直到”。</P><P>Part VI Translation
87．No sooner had I switched on the computer
【考點(diǎn)】l30 sooner…than…的句式；倒裝句的用法。
【解析】“剛一…一就……”應(yīng)譯為no sooner…than…結(jié)構(gòu)，該結(jié)構(gòu)中no sooner部分謂語(yǔ)需采用部分倒裝形式，且需采用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，故在本題中其結(jié)構(gòu)為hadI switched on the computer。
88、you told nle earlier that she had already left for the States|shehad went back to America
【考點(diǎn)】表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
【解析】“如果你早點(diǎn)告訴我”是一種與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，其實(shí)沒(méi)有告訴，這時(shí)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，條件從句的謂語(yǔ)用had+過(guò)去分詞，主句的謂語(yǔ)用would/should/could/might+have+過(guò)去分詞。if可以省
略．此時(shí)要將助動(dòng)詞had提到句首，然后接主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞。
89．he had great difficulty(in)making(two)ends meet，cannot make(two)ends meet
【考點(diǎn)】“入不敷出”的譯法。
【解析】have great difficulty(in)doing sth．表示“做某事有困難”。make(two)ends meet即“使收支相抵”?！叭氩环蟪觥奔础盁o(wú)法使收支相抵”。
90．Ridiculous as/though it seems
【考點(diǎn)】“荒唐”的譯法：ridiculous；倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
【解析】讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“名詞/動(dòng)詞/形容詞/分詞+as/though+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞”。正常語(yǔ)序的句子應(yīng)為“The tale is true though it seems ridiculous．”
91．having been completed ahead of schedule/time
【考點(diǎn)】獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；短語(yǔ)“ahead of著schedule/time(提前)”。
【解析】獨(dú)立主格相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)，在本句中，“所有實(shí)驗(yàn)已經(jīng)提前完成”是“他們決定休息一下”的原因，應(yīng)使用“名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。又由于實(shí)驗(yàn)是“被完成”，因此應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?！疤崆巴瓿伞睉?yīng)為 becompleted ahead of schedule/time。</P><P>答案速查
Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)
1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．C 6．A 7．D
8．the gravity of the situation
9．TWA and(now．defunct)Pan Am
10．the intense security situation
Listening Comprehension
11．B 12．A 13．A 14．C 15．B 16．D 17．A 18．C 19．C 20．D
21．B 22．C 23．A 24．D 25．A 26．C 27．B 28．A 29．A 30．C
31．D 32．B 33．A 34．C 35．B
36．disposable 37．1uxuries 38．trade 39．tracks
40．chain 41．total 42．canteen 43．meals
44．is used by the industry to describe any outlet where the consumerqueues tO buy take—away food
45．it has driven families in particular away from independentrestaurants and pubs to the fast food chains
46．with the likes of McDonald’s or KFC they know it is a consistentexperience and good value
Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)
47．D 48．K 49．M 50．0 5LB 52．N 53．L 54．H 55．F 56．E
57．A 58．D 59．C 60．B 61．A 62．D 63．C 64．C 65．B 66．A
Cloze
67．A 68．B 69．D 70．A 7LC 72．D 73．B 74，A 75．C 76．B
77．C 78．A 79．B 80．D 81．D 82．D 83．A 84．D 85．D 86．C
Translation
87．No sooner had I switched on the computer
88．you told me earlier that she had already left for the States／she had went back to America
89．he had great difficulty(in)making(two)ends meet／cannot make(two)ends meet
90．Ridiculous as／though it seems
91．having been completed ahead of schedule／time