初一英語期末重要知識點

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    41. 數(shù)詞:基數(shù)詞,序數(shù)詞 1). 基數(shù)詞:eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, forty, fifty, ninety, hundred, thousand, million 156: one hundred and fifty-six 1980: one thousand nine hundred and eighty(數(shù)字), nineteen eighty(時間) 5千:5 thousand thousands of :成千上萬 (×) 5 thousands或5 thousand of 2). 編號:第一課 Lesson One the first lesson 第三單元 Unit 3或the third unit 608房間 Rom 608 溫陵路16號 16 Wenlin Road 3). 序數(shù)詞:first, second, third, fourth, fifth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth, twenty-first, one-hundredth, one hundred and first 4). 分?jǐn)?shù):基數(shù)詞+序數(shù)詞(s) 1/3 one-third 2/3 two-thirds 1/2 one-half 3/4 three-quarters three-fourths 
    42. 時間表達(dá)法 1). 一年12個月:January, February, March, April, June, July, August, September, October, November, December 2). 月,日,年或日,月,年,其中日用序數(shù)詞表達(dá): 1990年9月6日 September 6th, 1990. 念做:September the sixth, nineteen ninety. 6th September. 1990 念做:the sixth of September, nineteen ninety 3).鐘點表達(dá)法: 9點15分:nine fifteen fifteen past nine 9點半 nine thirty half past nine 11點45分:eleven forty-five fifteen to twelve 4).年代表達(dá)法: in the 1960s在二十世紀(jì)60年代  43.價格的表達(dá)法 1). We have great bags for just 4 yuan. 我們有很好的包,就4元錢。 2). buy sth for six dollars. (= buy sth at six dollars.) 用6美元買某物 3). pay…for: Tom paid 10 yuan for the book. 湯姆花了10元錢買這本書。 4). spend…on(in doing )… Kate spent 150 yuan on the new skirt( in buying the new skirt). 凱特花了150元買了這條新裙子。 5). at a very good price用一個很好的價位  44. each, every:每個都 1) each可以當(dāng)主語等,也可以當(dāng)定語;each更側(cè)重于個體; Each has his/her hobby. 每一個人都有他/她的嗜好。 Each of the students was asked a question. 每一個學(xué)生都被問了一個問題。We each have a school ID card. 我們每個人都有一個校卡。 Each guest was given a nice present. 每一位賓客都受贈一份精美的禮物。 2) every只能充當(dāng)定語,側(cè)重于整體:I know every teacher. 我認(rèn)識每個老師。 Every man has his weak side. 每個人都有弱點。  45. 反身代詞: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves,themselves Be careful with that knife, or you’ll cut yourself. 小心點用刀子,否則你會切著你自己。 We can’t leave grandparents by themselves. 我們不能把這個爺爺奶奶單獨留下。 Please help yourselves to some fish. 孩子們,請隨便吃些魚吧。 We enjoyed ourselves in Mary’s party yesterday. 在昨天瑪麗的聚會上我們玩得很開心。  46. and, but ,or 1). and: 并列,肯定 如:I like thrillers and I like actions movies. 我喜歡恐怖片,而且我也喜歡動作片。 Work hard, and you’ll catch up with others. 努力點,你就會趕上其他同學(xué)。 2). or, 否定連接詞 There is no air or water on the moon. 月球上沒有空氣和水。 Hurry up, or we’ll be late. 快點,否則我們就會遲到的。 3). but用于轉(zhuǎn)折 Maria likes comedies, but she doesn’t like soap opera. 瑪麗亞喜歡喜劇片,但她不喜歡肥皂劇。 -Excuse me. Do you have a table for two﹖ -I'm sorry but there aren't any seats now.Would you mind waiting for a while? 請問,有沒有兩個人的桌子?對不起,現(xiàn)在沒有位置。稍等一會介意嗎? 4). -I don’t like chicken or fish. –I don’t like chicken, but I like fish very much. 我不喜歡雞肉和魚。 我也不喜歡雞肉,但是我很喜歡魚。  47. make a …of… 1). Make a list of food to buy. 列個要賣的食品清單Make a list of books. 一個圖書的清單 2). Make a note of what you buy or sell.對你買進或賣出的東西作個記號 make notes做筆記  48. go的短語 1). go + Ving: go shopping去購物 go hiking去遠(yuǎn)足 go swimming去游泳 go skating去滑冰 go fishing去釣魚 go sightseeing去觀光旅游 go camping去野營 go bike riding騎自行車旅行 2). go home回家 go to school去學(xué)校 go to a movie去看電影 go to work去上班 go to bed去睡覺 go for a drive開車兜風(fēng) go for it去努力吧 go on doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事 49. day, date 1). date: 具體的日期,I remember the date of your birthday. 我記得你的生日。 2). day:泛指日子,I will never forget the day when I met you. 我永遠(yuǎn)也不會忘掉我運到你的那一天。 3). 提問日期:-What’s the date today? -It’s April 15. 今天幾月幾號?4月15日。 提問星期:-What day is it today? -It’s Saturday. 今天禮拜幾?星期六。  50. festival: 節(jié)日 1). 國外節(jié)日: Christmas (圣誕節(jié),December 25th ) Christmas Eve (圣誕前夕,December 24th ) Hallowmas(萬圣節(jié), November 1st ) Halloween (萬圣節(jié)前夕,October 31st ) Valentine’s Day (情人節(jié),F(xiàn)ebruary 14th ) April Fool’s Day (愚人節(jié),April 1st ) Mother’s Day (母親節(jié),the 2nd Sunday in May) 2). 公共節(jié)日: New Year’s Day (元旦) Children’s Day (兒童節(jié)) Women’s Day (婦女節(jié)) Youth’s Day (青年節(jié)) Labor’s Day (勞動節(jié)) Army’s Day (建軍節(jié)) National Day (國慶節(jié)) 3). 中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日: Spring Festival (Chinese New Year, 春節(jié)), Mid-autumn Festival (中秋節(jié)) 4). 校園節(jié)日:art festival (藝術(shù)節(jié))  51. hurry 趕緊,動詞,名詞 1). 趕快,動詞:Hurry up, there is not much time left. 快點,沒有多少時間剩下了。 2). 匆忙,名詞:You always seem to be in a hurry. 你看起來總是那么匆匆忙忙。  52. people: 人,人們,集合名詞,表復(fù)數(shù)概念,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù),還可以民族、人民。 1). 復(fù)數(shù)名詞:How many people are there in your family? 你家有幾口人呢?Some people like basketball and other people like football. 有些人喜歡籃球,另外一些人則喜歡足球。 2). 可數(shù)名詞,the people: The Chinese is a hard-working people. 中國人是個勤勞的名族。  53. study, learn 1). study: 學(xué)習(xí),研究,(高層次的事物)I am studying art. 我正在學(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù)。 2). learn: 學(xué)習(xí)(側(cè)重于技能型的事物),學(xué)會Have you learnt to swim? 你學(xué)過游泳嗎? He studied hard and at last learned the lesson. 他努力學(xué)習(xí),終學(xué)會了這一課。  54.kind 種類,名詞;和藹的,形容詞 1). 種類:a kind of一種 kinds of :各種各樣的  What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies. 你喜歡哪種類型的電影?我喜歡動作片和喜劇片。 2). 和藹的,友善的:My grandmother is a very kind woman. 我的奶奶是一個非常善良的女人。Be kind to animals. 善待動物。  55. want to do sth. 想要做某事 1). Do you want to go to a movie? Yes, I want to see a comedy. 你想去看電影嗎?是的,我想去看一部喜劇片。 2). 接動詞不定式充當(dāng)賓語的動詞還有:would like, start,begin, agree,hope, decide,afford, agree, arrange, expect, happen, hope, learn, manage, mean, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, wish, seem等: Would you like to have dinner with me tonight? 你愿意今晚和我一起共進晚餐嗎? I hope to go to college. 我希望上大學(xué)。  56. let sb do sth:讓某人做某事 let后接不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語。 1). Let’s play basketball. 讓我們打籃球吧。Let each man decide for himself. 讓每個人自己決定吧。 2). see,watch,hear,feel,notice,make,let,have,help等)后不帶to的不定式作賓補: They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room. 他們聽到他在會議室唱過流行歌曲。  57. enjoy doing sth: 特別喜愛做某事,享受做某事的樂趣 1). The twin brother always enjoy going to the concert. 這對雙胞胎總是對音樂會興致勃勃。 2). 以下動詞一般跟Ving作賓語:finish, keep, practice, mind, keep, give up, put off, practice I practice reading English every morning. 我每天造成練習(xí)讀英文。 You must give up smoking. It does no good to your health. 你必須戒煙。對健康不利。  58. too, either, also, as well也 1). too: 一般用于肯定句句末;有時也用插入句中:She likes classical music, too. 他也喜歡古典音樂。 You, too, may have a try. 你也可以試一試。 2). also: 比較正式的用法,一般用于主謂之間:He also wants to go to a movie. 他也想去看電影。 3). either: 否定的也;兩者中的任何一個:If you don’t go, I won’t either. 如果你不去,我也不去。 There’s coffee and tea. You can have either . 這兒有咖啡和茶。你可以任選一種。 4). as well :副詞短語,其義為“也”,相當(dāng)于too,它一般放在句末,有時和連詞and或but搭配使用。He is a worker,and a poet as well. 他是工人,同時也是詩人。 Mr. Liu can speak English, but he can speak Cantonese as well.劉先生會說英語,但他也能講廣東話。  59. look, see, watch看 1). look: 看,look at sth看某物 look at the blackboard看黑板 I am looking at the picture. 我正在看圖。 2). see: 看見,看的結(jié)果see a film看電影, see a doctor看醫(yī)生 I looked but saw nothing. 我看了看,但沒看到什么。 3). watch: 注意看的對象:watch TV看電視, watch a football game看球賽 I am watching the boy. 我注視著這孩子的行動。 4). 其他看的表達(dá):看書read a book 看雜志:read a magazine 看雜志:read a magazine  60. look for , find, find out 1). look for: 尋找:I am looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼鏡。 2). find: 找到:My English book is lost. I have looked for it everywhere, but I still can’t find it. 我的英語書丟了, 我到處找,但是找不著。 3). find out: 查明:The police found out the thief at last. 警察終查出了小偷。  61. think的用法 1). 后常接that從句表明某人觀點: I think it’s necessary to do so. 我認(rèn)為有必要這么做。 2). 否定的轉(zhuǎn)移 I don't think you've met my daughter . 我想你大概沒有見過我的女兒吧。 3). 復(fù)合句的反意疑問句的構(gòu)成:取決于think的主語。當(dāng)主語是第一個稱(I, we)時,反意疑問句的主語應(yīng)與賓語從句的主語保持一致。否則,與主句主語保持一致。  I think he is right , isn't he ?  We don't think you can do these exercises alone ,can you ?  They don't think I'm right , do they ? 4). 雙重疑問句, 也就是do you think的插入語,原來的疑問句當(dāng)作有do you think的從句處理(即疑問詞+do you think +主語+…)  Which of them do you think is the most useful invention? 什么是你認(rèn)為有用的發(fā)明?  What do you think we should do to work out the problem? 你認(rèn)為我們該怎么解決這問題呢? 5). Sb + think + it + adj. + (for sb) + to do sth.  I think it important for us to learn english well. 我認(rèn)為對我們來說學(xué)好英語很重要。 6). think of : 想及,考慮,想出  I'm thinking of studying medicine .我正考慮學(xué)醫(yī)。  What do you think of the movie? 這部電影怎樣?  62. finish: 完成,結(jié)束 1). What time does the movie finish? 電影什么時候結(jié)束?Classes finish at half past eleven. 11點半下課。 2). finish doing sth: I have finished writing the English composition. 我寫完了英語作文。  63. same, different 1). same: 同樣的,the same, at the same time(同時), the same as…  We have lived in the same house for 3 years. 我們住在同一棟樓3年了。 The boy has made the same mistake as last time. 那個男孩犯了和上次同樣的錯誤。 2). different: 后常接名詞復(fù)數(shù), 常與介詞from連用: We study in the same school but different classes. 我們在同一所學(xué)校讀書,但不同班級。City life is very different from country life. 城市生活和鄉(xiāng)村生活很不一樣。  64. favorite: 特別喜愛的  -What’s your favorite sport? -My favorite sport is volleyball. 我喜愛的運動是排球。  Oranges are my favorite fruit. 桔子是我特別喜愛的。  65. listen(to) ,hear, sound 1). listen: 聽,They stopped to listen, but there was no more sound. 他們停下來聽,但是沒有更多的聲音。 2). hear:聽到 Can you hear what I said? 你能聽到我所說的話嗎? 3). sound:聽起來 The idea sounds great. 這個主意聽起來不錯。  66. in構(gòu)成的短語 in the 17th century 在第十七世紀(jì) in the past fifty years 在過去的五十年里 in a minute 一會兒,立刻 in a month 一個月后 in life 一生中 in the day 在白天 in the end 后,終于 in time 及時 in school 在學(xué)校 in space 在空間 in the middle of 在……當(dāng)中 in the north (south) 在北(南)方 in front of 在……前面 in hospital 住院 in public 當(dāng)眾,公開地 in the sky 在天上 in the street 在街上 in the tree 在樹上 in town 在鎮(zhèn)上 in those days 在那些日子里 in trouble 處于困境(苦惱)中 in a word 總結(jié) in fact 事實上 in some ways 從某種方式上來說 in a hurry 匆忙 in a loud voice 大聲地 in a low voice 低聲地 in English 用英語 in order to 為了 in surprise 驚奇地  67. a few, a little, few, little 1). a few: 幾個,修飾可數(shù)名詞 There are a few mistakes in your test paper. 你的考卷上有幾個地方的錯誤。 2). a little: 一點,修飾不可數(shù)名詞 Don’t be so nervous. We still have a little time. 不要這么緊張,我們還有一些時間。 3). few: 幾乎沒有,修飾可數(shù)名詞:The text is quite easy, there is few new words in it. 這篇文章不難,沒有什么新單詞。 4). Little: 幾乎,不可數(shù) Although he 's wealthy,he spends little on clothes. 雖然他很富有,他花很少前在衣服上。 68. success, successful, secceed 1). success: 成功(名詞) If you want to be a success in business you must be aggressive. 如果你想在生意上獲得成功,你必須有點闖勁。 2). successful: 成功的(形容詞) Li An is a successful movie director. 李安是個成功的電影導(dǎo)演。 3). succeed: 成功(動詞) I am sure she will succeed. 我相信她會取得成功的。  69. speak, say, tell, talk 1). speak: +語言;不及物動詞: What language does Bill speak? He speaks Spanish. 比爾說什么語言?西班牙語。 The baby can’t speak. 這個小嬰兒還不會說話。Who is going to speak at the meeting? 2). say: 及物動詞,表示說話的內(nèi)容, say sth to someone, say to on allowScriptAccess="never" allowNetworking="internal" wmode="transparent"eself  When you want someone to help you, you should say “Please” to him. 當(dāng)你想要別人來幫你時,你應(yīng)該對他說“請”。  It is said that it will be fine tomorrow. 據(jù)說明天會天晴。 3). tell: tell sb sth; tell sb to do sth; tell jokes(笑話)stories,lies(撒謊)the truth(真相)  Please tell your parents the good news. 請把這個好消息告訴你的父 母親。 4). talk: 談?wù)摚患拔飫釉~,talk to/with sb, talk about sth  We are talking with them about the way of learning English. 我們一直在和他們討論學(xué)英語的方法。