第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)(第1～15題，每題1分，共15分)
下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。
1 we saw a lot of commercial buildings in chicago.
a condemned
b razed
c business
d vacant
2 salt has been a respected commodity for much of recorded time.
a flavoring
b preservative
c remedy for illness
d article of trade
3 pure feldspar is a colorless, transparent mineral, but impurities commonly make it opaque and colorful.
a truly
b rapidly
c periodically
d frequently
4 in 1925 clarence darrow competently opposed william jennings bryan at the renowned scopes' "monkey trial".
a adeptly
b maliciously
c privately
d rashly
5 the olympic games attempt to transcend national interests and bring together the best international athletes in a spirit of friendly competition and peace.
a debate
b celebration
c instruction
d rivalry
6 he is going to compile the data requested by the tax collector.
a sprout
b evade
c redeem
d gather
7 after 1850, various states in the united states began to pass compulsory school attendance laws.
a harsh
b diversified
c mandatory
d complicated
8 in statistics the most frequently used computations are the mean, the median, and the mode because all are indicators of central tendency.
a graphs
b variables
c calculations
d words
9 the empire state building was conceived on a grander scale than previous skyscrapers.
a executed
b designed
c financed
d applauded
10 theodere dreiser was one of the first american novelists to portray immoral characters without condemnation.
a hostility
b sadness
c blamed pity
11 most religions are concerned with the worship of one or several deities as well as with ethical rules of conduct.
a faith
b speech
c thought
d behavior
12 the passamaquoddy and penobscot people were confederates of the colonists in maine at the time of the revolutionary war.
a guardians
b teachers
c allies
d observers
13 by the 1880's, living conditions in the congested eastern seaboard cities of the united states had become local scandals.
a developing
b diverse
c crowded
d wealthy
14 the population of seattle is a conglomerate of people from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds.
a a company
b a fluctuation
c an assortment
d a matching
15 although dolphins sometimes swim singly or in pairs, they usually congregate in large herds, often numbering in the hundreds.
a procreate
b eat
c lived assemble
參考答案：
1 c 2 d 3 d 4 a 5 d
6 d 7 c 8 c 9 b 10 c
11 d 12 c 13 c 14 c 15 d
The Doctor in America
Self-employed private physicians who charge a fee for each patient visit have been the norm for American medical practice. Most physicians have a contract relationship with one or more hospitals in their community. They refer their patients as needed to the hospital, which usually charges according to the number of days a patient stays and the facilities - X-rays, operating rooms, tests -he or she uses.
Some medical doctors are on salary. Salaried physicians may work as hospital staff members, or residents, who are often still in training. They may teach in medical schools, be hired by corporations to care for their workers or work for the federal government's Public Health Service.
Physicians are among the best-paid professionals in the United States. In the 1980s, it was not uncommon for medical doctors to, earn incomes of more than $100,000 a year. Specialists, particularly surgeons, might earn several times that amount. Physicians list many reasons why they deserve to be so well rewarded for their work. One reason is the long and expensive preparation required to become a physician in the United States. Most would-be physicians first attend college for four years, which can cost nearly $20,000 a year at one of the best private institutions. Prospective physicians then attend medical school for four years. Tuition alone can exceed $10,000 a year. By the time they have obtained their medical degrees, many young physicians are deeply in debt. They still face three to five years of residency (住院醫(yī)生實(shí)習(xí)期)in a hospital, the first year as an apprentice physician. The hours are long and the pay is relatively low.
Setting up a medical practice is expensive, too. Sometimes several physicians will decide to establish a group practice, so they can share the expense of maintaining an office and buying equipment. These physicians also take care of each other's patients in emergencies.
Physicians work long hours and must accept a great deal of responsibility. Many medical procedures, even quite routine ones, involve risk. It is understandable that physicians want to be well rewarded for making decisions which can mean the difference between life and death.
16.Many physicians in the US are self-employed private physicians
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
17.No salaried physicians teach in medical schools in the US.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
18.Of all employed physicians, those hired by corporations are best paid
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
19.Becoming a physician in the US costs considerable time and money.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
20.Physicians in the US are poorly rewarded for their work
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
21.Anyone with a medical degree can set up a medical practice in the US
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
22.There are more men physicians than women physicians in the US
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案：
16. A 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. B 21. B 22. C
Washoe Learned American Sign Language
1 An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Wash0e had become known in the scientific community1 and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language2. She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate3 about primates and their ability to understand language.
2 Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966. In 1969, the Gardners7 described Washoe's progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand4 about 250 words. For example, Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like, "Who is coming to play?" Once5 the news about Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own6 into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed.
3 However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now, there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoe's keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners7. He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive.
4 Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believes Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees8. Today, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time.
5 Debate continues about chimps' understanding of human communication. Yet, one thing is sure -- Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence.
練習(xí)：
1. Paragraph 1
2. Paragraph 2
3. Paragraph 3
4. Paragraph 4
A Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This Research Nowadays
B Report about Washoe's Progress in Learning Sign Language
C General Information about Washoe
D The Gardeners' Contributions Recognized
E Debate on Chimps' Intelligence
F Washoe's Love for Three Young Chimps
5. Washoe could make signs to communicate
6. Some scientists doubted
7. Washoe taught three younger chimps sign language
8. The experimenters thought Washoe was intelligent
A if the Gardeners' argument was sound
B because she was cleverer than other chimps
C when she wanted to eat
D while she was at a research center in Ellensburg
E because she could use sign language to ask for fruits
F while Washoe was learning sign language
答案與題解：
1. C 第一段主要介紹猩猩 Washoe的出生地、死亡年齡、被帶到美國學(xué)習(xí)美式手語等一般情況。用 General Information about Washoe來概括是很準(zhǔn)確的。
2. B第二段的關(guān)鍵句是 In 1969, the Gardners described Washoe's progress in a scientific report.隨后的句子簡略的介紹了 Washoe的學(xué)習(xí)情況和結(jié)果，如已學(xué)會(huì)了 250個(gè)單詞，并能用手語表達(dá)“該吃飯了”等概念。所以， Report about Washoe’s Progress in Learning Sign Language（選項(xiàng) B）是答案。
3. E第三段介紹了對(duì) Gardener夫婦發(fā)表的報(bào)告有兩種不同的解讀。一派認(rèn)為 Washoe的手語能力只是機(jī)械重復(fù)、死記硬背、物質(zhì)激勵(lì)的結(jié)果，不是智能的表現(xiàn)。另一派認(rèn)為知識(shí)智能的表現(xiàn)，其證據(jù)是 Washoe還能教三個(gè)小猩猩學(xué)習(xí)手語。爭論的焦點(diǎn)是猩猩有沒有智能。選項(xiàng) E用 debate來概括上述爭論，所以是答案。
4. A 第四段解釋了為什么現(xiàn)在從事這項(xiàng)研究的科學(xué)家人數(shù)不多。部分原因是研究周期太長。
5. C選 C 的第四段第二句： Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat.
6. A 第三段的上半段說了一些科學(xué)家對(duì) Gardener 夫婦的試驗(yàn)的解讀所持懷疑態(tài)度。題干中出現(xiàn)的 doubted引導(dǎo)我們選 A。
7. D 選 D DE依據(jù)是第三段的昀后一句 ,即“He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive.”
8. E本文第二段談到試驗(yàn)的成果時(shí)有一個(gè)句子： “She could request foods like apples and bananas”。根據(jù)全段意思和上述句子，選擇 E是正確的。
new foods and the new world
in the last 500 years, nothing about people---not their clothes, ideas, or languages---has changed as much as what they eat. the original chocolate drink was made form the seeds of the cocoa tree by south american indians. the spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500’s. and although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. in london shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. some still exist today.
the potato is also from the new world. around 1600, the spanish brought it from peru to europe, where it soon was widely grown. ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of irish people starved when the crop failed during the "potato famine" of 1845-6, and thousands more were forced to emigrate to america.
there are many other foods that have traveled from south america to the old world. but some others went in the opposite direction. brazil is now the world’s largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in colombia and other south american countries. but it is native to ethiopia. it was first made into a drink by arabs during the 1400’s.
according to an arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a goatherd named kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. he tried one and experienced the "wide-awake" feeling that one-third of the world’s population now starts the day with.
1. according to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?
a) food.
b) chocolate.
c) potato.
d) coffee
2. "some" in "some still exist today" means
a) some cocoa trees.
b) some chocolate drinks.
c) some shops.
d) some south american indians.
3. thousands of irish people starved during the "potato famine" because
a) they were so dependent on the potato that they refused to eat anything else.
b) they were forced to emigrate to america.
c) the weather conditions in ireland were not suitable for growing the potato.
d) the potato harvest was bad.
4. coffee originally came from
a) brazil.
b) colombia.
c) ethiopia.
d) arabia.
5. the arabic legend is used to prove that
a) coffee was first discovered by kaldi.
b) coffee was first discovered by kaldi’s goats.
c) coffee was first discovered in south american countries.
d) coffee drinks were first made by arabs.
參考答案: acdcd
Financial Risks
Several types of financial risk are encountered in international marketing; the major problems include commercial, political, and foreign exchange risk.
Commercial risks are handled essentially as normal credit risks encountered in day-to-day business. They include solvency, default, or refusal to pay bills. The major risk,__1__ which can only be dealt with through consistently effective management and marketing. One unique risk encountered by the international marketer involves financial adjustments. Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about the quality of goods delivered, a dispute over contract terms, or__2__. One company, for example, shipped several hundred tons of dehydrated potatoes to a distributor in Germany. The distributor tested the shipment and declared it to be below acceptable taste and texture standards. The alternatives for the exporter were reducing the price, reselling the potatoes, or shipping them home again, each involving considerable cost.
Political risk relates to the problems of war or revolution, currency inconvertibility, expropriation or expulsion, and restriction or cancellation of import licenses. Political risk is an environmental concern for all businesses. Management information systems and effective decision-making processes are the best defenses against political risk. As many companies have discovered, sometimes there is no way to avoid political risk,__3__.
Exchange-rate fluctuations inevitably cause problems, but for many years, most firms could take protective action to minimize their unfavorable effects. Floating exchange rates of the world's major currencies have forced all marketers __4__. International Business Machine Corporation, for example, reported that exchange losses resulted in a dramatic 21.6 percent drop in their earnings in the third quarter of 1981. __5__, devaluations of major currencies were infrequent and usually could be anticipated, but exchange-rate fluctuations in the float system are daily affairs.
Exercise:
A to be especially aware of exchange-rate fluctuations and the need to compensate for them in their financial planning
B any other disagreement over which payment is withheld
C however, is competition
D so marketers must be prepared to assume them or give up doing business in a particular market
E Before rates were permitted to float
F After serious consideration
參考答案：C 、B 、D 、A、 E
下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。
1 we saw a lot of commercial buildings in chicago.
a condemned
b razed
c business
d vacant
2 salt has been a respected commodity for much of recorded time.
a flavoring
b preservative
c remedy for illness
d article of trade
3 pure feldspar is a colorless, transparent mineral, but impurities commonly make it opaque and colorful.
a truly
b rapidly
c periodically
d frequently
4 in 1925 clarence darrow competently opposed william jennings bryan at the renowned scopes' "monkey trial".
a adeptly
b maliciously
c privately
d rashly
5 the olympic games attempt to transcend national interests and bring together the best international athletes in a spirit of friendly competition and peace.
a debate
b celebration
c instruction
d rivalry
6 he is going to compile the data requested by the tax collector.
a sprout
b evade
c redeem
d gather
7 after 1850, various states in the united states began to pass compulsory school attendance laws.
a harsh
b diversified
c mandatory
d complicated
8 in statistics the most frequently used computations are the mean, the median, and the mode because all are indicators of central tendency.
a graphs
b variables
c calculations
d words
9 the empire state building was conceived on a grander scale than previous skyscrapers.
a executed
b designed
c financed
d applauded
10 theodere dreiser was one of the first american novelists to portray immoral characters without condemnation.
a hostility
b sadness
c blamed pity
11 most religions are concerned with the worship of one or several deities as well as with ethical rules of conduct.
a faith
b speech
c thought
d behavior
12 the passamaquoddy and penobscot people were confederates of the colonists in maine at the time of the revolutionary war.
a guardians
b teachers
c allies
d observers
13 by the 1880's, living conditions in the congested eastern seaboard cities of the united states had become local scandals.
a developing
b diverse
c crowded
d wealthy
14 the population of seattle is a conglomerate of people from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds.
a a company
b a fluctuation
c an assortment
d a matching
15 although dolphins sometimes swim singly or in pairs, they usually congregate in large herds, often numbering in the hundreds.
a procreate
b eat
c lived assemble
參考答案：
1 c 2 d 3 d 4 a 5 d
6 d 7 c 8 c 9 b 10 c
11 d 12 c 13 c 14 c 15 d
The Doctor in America
Self-employed private physicians who charge a fee for each patient visit have been the norm for American medical practice. Most physicians have a contract relationship with one or more hospitals in their community. They refer their patients as needed to the hospital, which usually charges according to the number of days a patient stays and the facilities - X-rays, operating rooms, tests -he or she uses.
Some medical doctors are on salary. Salaried physicians may work as hospital staff members, or residents, who are often still in training. They may teach in medical schools, be hired by corporations to care for their workers or work for the federal government's Public Health Service.
Physicians are among the best-paid professionals in the United States. In the 1980s, it was not uncommon for medical doctors to, earn incomes of more than $100,000 a year. Specialists, particularly surgeons, might earn several times that amount. Physicians list many reasons why they deserve to be so well rewarded for their work. One reason is the long and expensive preparation required to become a physician in the United States. Most would-be physicians first attend college for four years, which can cost nearly $20,000 a year at one of the best private institutions. Prospective physicians then attend medical school for four years. Tuition alone can exceed $10,000 a year. By the time they have obtained their medical degrees, many young physicians are deeply in debt. They still face three to five years of residency (住院醫(yī)生實(shí)習(xí)期)in a hospital, the first year as an apprentice physician. The hours are long and the pay is relatively low.
Setting up a medical practice is expensive, too. Sometimes several physicians will decide to establish a group practice, so they can share the expense of maintaining an office and buying equipment. These physicians also take care of each other's patients in emergencies.
Physicians work long hours and must accept a great deal of responsibility. Many medical procedures, even quite routine ones, involve risk. It is understandable that physicians want to be well rewarded for making decisions which can mean the difference between life and death.
16.Many physicians in the US are self-employed private physicians
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
17.No salaried physicians teach in medical schools in the US.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
18.Of all employed physicians, those hired by corporations are best paid
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
19.Becoming a physician in the US costs considerable time and money.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
20.Physicians in the US are poorly rewarded for their work
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
21.Anyone with a medical degree can set up a medical practice in the US
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
22.There are more men physicians than women physicians in the US
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案：
16. A 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. B 21. B 22. C
Washoe Learned American Sign Language
1 An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Wash0e had become known in the scientific community1 and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language2. She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate3 about primates and their ability to understand language.
2 Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966. In 1969, the Gardners7 described Washoe's progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand4 about 250 words. For example, Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like, "Who is coming to play?" Once5 the news about Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own6 into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed.
3 However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now, there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoe's keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners7. He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive.
4 Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believes Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees8. Today, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time.
5 Debate continues about chimps' understanding of human communication. Yet, one thing is sure -- Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence.
練習(xí)：
1. Paragraph 1
2. Paragraph 2
3. Paragraph 3
4. Paragraph 4
A Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This Research Nowadays
B Report about Washoe's Progress in Learning Sign Language
C General Information about Washoe
D The Gardeners' Contributions Recognized
E Debate on Chimps' Intelligence
F Washoe's Love for Three Young Chimps
5. Washoe could make signs to communicate
6. Some scientists doubted
7. Washoe taught three younger chimps sign language
8. The experimenters thought Washoe was intelligent
A if the Gardeners' argument was sound
B because she was cleverer than other chimps
C when she wanted to eat
D while she was at a research center in Ellensburg
E because she could use sign language to ask for fruits
F while Washoe was learning sign language
答案與題解：
1. C 第一段主要介紹猩猩 Washoe的出生地、死亡年齡、被帶到美國學(xué)習(xí)美式手語等一般情況。用 General Information about Washoe來概括是很準(zhǔn)確的。
2. B第二段的關(guān)鍵句是 In 1969, the Gardners described Washoe's progress in a scientific report.隨后的句子簡略的介紹了 Washoe的學(xué)習(xí)情況和結(jié)果，如已學(xué)會(huì)了 250個(gè)單詞，并能用手語表達(dá)“該吃飯了”等概念。所以， Report about Washoe’s Progress in Learning Sign Language（選項(xiàng) B）是答案。
3. E第三段介紹了對(duì) Gardener夫婦發(fā)表的報(bào)告有兩種不同的解讀。一派認(rèn)為 Washoe的手語能力只是機(jī)械重復(fù)、死記硬背、物質(zhì)激勵(lì)的結(jié)果，不是智能的表現(xiàn)。另一派認(rèn)為知識(shí)智能的表現(xiàn)，其證據(jù)是 Washoe還能教三個(gè)小猩猩學(xué)習(xí)手語。爭論的焦點(diǎn)是猩猩有沒有智能。選項(xiàng) E用 debate來概括上述爭論，所以是答案。
4. A 第四段解釋了為什么現(xiàn)在從事這項(xiàng)研究的科學(xué)家人數(shù)不多。部分原因是研究周期太長。
5. C選 C 的第四段第二句： Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat.
6. A 第三段的上半段說了一些科學(xué)家對(duì) Gardener 夫婦的試驗(yàn)的解讀所持懷疑態(tài)度。題干中出現(xiàn)的 doubted引導(dǎo)我們選 A。
7. D 選 D DE依據(jù)是第三段的昀后一句 ,即“He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive.”
8. E本文第二段談到試驗(yàn)的成果時(shí)有一個(gè)句子： “She could request foods like apples and bananas”。根據(jù)全段意思和上述句子，選擇 E是正確的。
new foods and the new world
in the last 500 years, nothing about people---not their clothes, ideas, or languages---has changed as much as what they eat. the original chocolate drink was made form the seeds of the cocoa tree by south american indians. the spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500’s. and although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. in london shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. some still exist today.
the potato is also from the new world. around 1600, the spanish brought it from peru to europe, where it soon was widely grown. ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of irish people starved when the crop failed during the "potato famine" of 1845-6, and thousands more were forced to emigrate to america.
there are many other foods that have traveled from south america to the old world. but some others went in the opposite direction. brazil is now the world’s largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in colombia and other south american countries. but it is native to ethiopia. it was first made into a drink by arabs during the 1400’s.
according to an arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a goatherd named kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. he tried one and experienced the "wide-awake" feeling that one-third of the world’s population now starts the day with.
1. according to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?
a) food.
b) chocolate.
c) potato.
d) coffee
2. "some" in "some still exist today" means
a) some cocoa trees.
b) some chocolate drinks.
c) some shops.
d) some south american indians.
3. thousands of irish people starved during the "potato famine" because
a) they were so dependent on the potato that they refused to eat anything else.
b) they were forced to emigrate to america.
c) the weather conditions in ireland were not suitable for growing the potato.
d) the potato harvest was bad.
4. coffee originally came from
a) brazil.
b) colombia.
c) ethiopia.
d) arabia.
5. the arabic legend is used to prove that
a) coffee was first discovered by kaldi.
b) coffee was first discovered by kaldi’s goats.
c) coffee was first discovered in south american countries.
d) coffee drinks were first made by arabs.
參考答案: acdcd
Financial Risks
Several types of financial risk are encountered in international marketing; the major problems include commercial, political, and foreign exchange risk.
Commercial risks are handled essentially as normal credit risks encountered in day-to-day business. They include solvency, default, or refusal to pay bills. The major risk,__1__ which can only be dealt with through consistently effective management and marketing. One unique risk encountered by the international marketer involves financial adjustments. Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about the quality of goods delivered, a dispute over contract terms, or__2__. One company, for example, shipped several hundred tons of dehydrated potatoes to a distributor in Germany. The distributor tested the shipment and declared it to be below acceptable taste and texture standards. The alternatives for the exporter were reducing the price, reselling the potatoes, or shipping them home again, each involving considerable cost.
Political risk relates to the problems of war or revolution, currency inconvertibility, expropriation or expulsion, and restriction or cancellation of import licenses. Political risk is an environmental concern for all businesses. Management information systems and effective decision-making processes are the best defenses against political risk. As many companies have discovered, sometimes there is no way to avoid political risk,__3__.
Exchange-rate fluctuations inevitably cause problems, but for many years, most firms could take protective action to minimize their unfavorable effects. Floating exchange rates of the world's major currencies have forced all marketers __4__. International Business Machine Corporation, for example, reported that exchange losses resulted in a dramatic 21.6 percent drop in their earnings in the third quarter of 1981. __5__, devaluations of major currencies were infrequent and usually could be anticipated, but exchange-rate fluctuations in the float system are daily affairs.
Exercise:
A to be especially aware of exchange-rate fluctuations and the need to compensate for them in their financial planning
B any other disagreement over which payment is withheld
C however, is competition
D so marketers must be prepared to assume them or give up doing business in a particular market
E Before rates were permitted to float
F After serious consideration
參考答案：C 、B 、D 、A、 E