為大家整理了2014年職稱英語考試模擬題（衛(wèi)生類），僅供參考！！
第1部分：詞匯選項(第1～15題，每題1分，共15分)
下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義為接近的選項。
1.These are their motives for doing it.
A.reasons
B.excuses
C.answers
D.plans
2.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west.
A.twists
B.stretches
C.broadens
D.bends
3、Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs.
A.abuse
B.flavor
C.temptation
D.consumption
4.These programmes are of immense value to old people.
A.natural
B.fatal
C.tiny
D.enormous
5.A great deal has been done to remedy the situation.
A.maintain
B.improve
C.assess
D.protect
6.John is collaborating with Mary in writing an article.
A.cooperating
B.competing
C.combining
D.arguing
7.He is determined to consolidate his power.
A.strengthen
B.control
C.abandon
D.exercise
8.Many scientists have been probing psychological problems.
A.solving
B.exploring
C.settling
D.handling
9.Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habits.
A.removed
B.cured
C.worsened
D.relieved
10.And the cars are tested for defects before leaving the factory.
A.functions
C.motions
B.faults
D.parts
11.The food is insufficient for three people.
A.instant
B.infinite
C.inexpensive
D.inadequate
12.Thousands of people perished in the storm.
A.died
B.suffered
C.floated
D.scattered
13.But in the end he approved of our proposal.
A.undoubtedly
B.certainly
C.ultimately
D.necessarily
14.For young children，getting dressed is a complicated business.
A.strange
B.complex
C.personal
D.funny
15.In Britain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management.
A.evaluation
B.efficiency
C.production
D.publicity Black holes
Most scientists agree that black holes exist but are nearly impossible to locate. A black hole in the universe is not a solid object,like a planet ,but it is shaped like a sphere(球體). Astronomers(天文學(xué)家) think that at the center of a black hole there is a single point in space with infinite(無限的) density(稠密). This single point is called a singularity(奇點). If the singularity theory is correct ,it means that when a massive star collapses,all the material in it disappears into the singularity. The center of a black hole would not really be a hole at all, but an infinitely dense point. Anything that crosses the black hole is pulled in by its great gravity.
Although black holes do exist, they are difficult to observe. These are the reasons.
?
No light or anything else comes out of back holes. As a result,they are invisible to a telescope.
?
In astronomical terms, black holes are truly tiny. For example, a black hole formed by the collapse of a giant star would have an event horizon(視界) only 18 miles across.
?
The nearest black holes would be dozens of light years away from Earth. One light year is about 6 trillion(萬億) miles. Even the most powerful telescopes could not pick out an object so small at such a great distance.
In 1994 the Hubble Space Telescope provided evidence that black holes exist. There are still answers to be found, however, so black holes remain one of the mysteries of the mysteries of the universe.
16 Black holes are part of space.
A Right B Wrong C No mentioned
17 Black holes exist but are difficult to observe.
A Right B Wrong C No mentioned
18 The center of a black holes is empty.
A Right B Wrong C No mentioned
19 The attraction of two large stars leads to gravity.
A Right B Wrong C No mentioned
20 The sun is the heaviest star in the universe.
A Right B Wrong C No mentioned
21 The nearest black holes are hundreds of light years away from us.
A Right B Wrong C No mentioned
22 The Hubble Space Telescope helps scientists to understand the nature of the universe.
A Right B Wrong C No mentioned
參考答案：A A B C C B A
答案解析：
16 A 第一段第二行首句a black hole in the universe???指明本題答案。本題中space 不是空間，而是宇宙、太空的意思 ，跟課文中universe同義。
17 A 答案在第二段第一句話里：Although black holes do exist, they are difficult to observe。
18 B 這個陳述是錯誤的。第一段第三行的句子astronomers think that at the center of a black hole there is a single point in space with infinite density。天文學(xué)家認(rèn)為黑洞中心有個密度無限大的點，所以黑洞并不是空的。
19 C 關(guān)于gravity(重力)是怎么形成的，文章中沒有提到。
20 C 這個問題——太陽是宇宙中重的星球——文章中也沒有提到。
21 B 第二段給出的第三個原因the nearest black holes would be dozens of light years away from Earth表明離我們近的黑洞有dozens of(許多，好幾打)而不是hundreds of(成百上千的)光年，所以本題描述錯誤。
22 A 后一段第一句告訴我們Hubble Space Telescope provided evidence that black holes exist哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡提供了黑洞存在的證據(jù)，正是通過這種方式，哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡幫助科學(xué)家們更好地了解了宇宙的本質(zhì)。因此該陳述正確。
Icy Microbes
1.In ice that has sealed a salty Antarctic lake for more than 2,800 years, scientists have found frozen bacteria and algae that returned to life after thawing. The research may help in the search for life on Mars, which is thought to have subsurface lakes of ice.
2.A research team led by Peter Doran of the University of Illinois at Chicago drilled through more than 39 feet of ice to collect samples of bacteria and algae. When Doran’s team brought them back and warmed them up a bit, they sprang back to life.
3.Doran said the microbes have been age-dated at 2,800 years old, but even older microbes may live deeper in the ice sheet sealing the lake, and in the briny water below the ice. That deeper ice and the water itself will be cautiously sampled in a later expedition that will test techniques that may one day be used on Mars.
4.Called Lake Vida, the 4.5-square—kilometer body is one of a series of lakes located in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, some 2,200 kilometers due south of New Zealand. This lake has been known since the 1950s, but people ignored it because they thought it was just a big block of ice. While at the site for other research in the 1990s, Doran and his colleagues sent radar signals into the clear ice covering the lake and were surprised to find that 62 feet below there was a pool of liquid water that was about seven times more salty than seawater.
5.That prompted the researchers to return in 1996 with equipment to drill a hole down to within a few feet of the water layer. At the bottom of this hole, researchers harvested specimens of algae and bacteria.
6.The researchers will return in 2004 equipped with instruments that are sterilized. They will then drill through the full 62 feet of ice and sample some of the briny water from the lake for analysis. The water specimen will be cultured to see if it contains life. Specimens from the water are expected to be even older than the life forms extracted from the ice covering.
練習(xí)：
1.Paragraph 2 _____
2.Paragraph 3 _____
3.Paragraph 4 _____
4.Paragraph 6 _____
A. Significance of Testing Techniques for Sampling Microbes in the Deep Ice Sheet
B. Special Features of Lake Vida
C. Later Expedition on Mars
D. 2004 Revisit Planned for Collecting Lake Water Specimens
E. Antarctic Frozen Life Sampled and Revived
F. Accidental Discovery of Ice-sealed Lake Water in Antarctica
5.Scientists ignored Lake Vida because they thought that a lake of ice _____.
6.Scientists expect that the life, if found in deeper water below the ice sheet, _____.
7.What the scientists will do in 2004 _____.
8.The salt concentration in the liquid water of Lake Vida _____.
A. is found to be a great deal higher than that of seawater
B. was of little scientific value
C. may be older than that collected below 39 feet of ice
D. might have come from Mars
E. is to collect some briny lake water for analysis
F. may return to life sooner than microbes frozen in the surface ice
5. Signing the FCTC is only the first step toward__________.
6. Countries that ratify the FCTC will have to, among other things__________.
7. It is hoped that the FCTC will greatly help to reduce deaths__________.
8. Much more countries have signed the FCTC that those that__________.
A. have ratified it
B. approving it
C. implement its provisions
D. restrict smoking in public places
E. caused by tobacco use
F. including higher tobacco taxes
答案：EAFD BCEA
Adult Education
1 Voluntary learning in organized courses by mature men and women is called adult education. Such education is offered to make people able to enlarge and interpret their experience as adults. Adults may want to study something which they missed in earlier schooling, get new skills or job training, find out about new technological developments, seek better self-under-standing, or develop new talents and skills.
2 This kind of education may be in the form of self-study with proper guidance through the use of libraries, correspondence courses, or broadcasting. It may also be acquired collectively in schools and colleges, study groups, workshops, clubs, and professional associations.
3 Modern adult education for large numbers of people started in the 18th and 19th centuries with the rise of the Industrial Revolution. Great economic and social changes were taking place: people were moving from rural areas to cities, new types of work were being created in an expanding factory system. These and other factors produced a need for further education and re-education of adults.
4 The earliest programs of organized adult education arose in Great Britain in the 1790s,with the founding of an adult school in Nottingham and a mechanics' institute in Glasgow. The earliest adult education institution in the United States was founded by Benjamin Franklin and some friends in Philadelphia in 1727.
5 People recognize that continued learning is necessary for most forms of employment today. For example, parts of the adult population in many countries find it necessary to take part in retraining programs at work or even to learn completely new jobs. Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs.
23 Paragraph 2 __________
24 Paragraph.3 __________
25 Paragraph 4 __________
26 Paragraph 5 __________
A Necessity for developing adult education
B Early days of adult education
C Ways of receiving adult education
D Growth of adult education
E Institutions of adult education
F Definition of adult education
27 Some adults want to learn __________.
28 There are various forms of adult education, including __________.
29 Adult education has been made necessary __________.
30 The earliest organized adult education __________.
A by social and economic changes
B guided self-study and correspondence courses
C by studying together with children
D what they did not manage to learn earlier
E dates hack to the eighteenth century
F mass production
23 C本段的主題是成人教育的不同方式。
24 A本段從社會、經(jīng)濟、工業(yè)等因素介紹了發(fā)展成人教育的必要性。
25 B本段介紹了早期的有組織的成人教育計劃。
26 D本段簡述了人們對成人教育的認(rèn)識和成人教育的發(fā)展。
27 D動詞learn后面缺的是它的賓語，填入的是個由what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
28 B including提示后面要求填入的是前面說的成人教育的各種形式中的若干種。
29 A has been made necessary被動式的出現(xiàn)說明后面很可能會跟一個by短語，當(dāng)然從意義上考慮不應(yīng)該是C。
30 E date是動詞，date back to的意思是“追溯到……”。
Mobile Phone and Diseases
A study by scientists in Finland has found that mobile phone radiation can cause changes in human cells that might affect the brain, the leader of the research team said.
But Darius Leszczynski, who headed the 2-year study and will present findings next week at a conference in Quebec（魁北克）, said more research was needed to determine the seriousness of the changes and their impact on the brain or the body.
The study at Finland’s Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority found that exposure to radiation from mobile phones can cause increased activity in hundreds of proteins in human cells grown in a laboratory, he said.
“We know that there is some biological response. We can detect it with our very sensitive approaches, but we do not know whether it can have any physiological effects on the human brain or human body,” Leszczynski said.
Nonetheless the study, the initial findings of which were published last month in the scientific journal Differentiation, raises new questions about whether mobile phone radiation can weaken the brain’s protective shield against harmful substances.
The study focused on changes in cells that line blood vessels and on whether such changes could weaken the functioning of the blood-brain barrier, which prevents potentially harmful substances from entering the brain from the bloodstream, Leszczynski said.
The study found that a protein called hsp27 linked to the functioning of the blood-brain barrier showed increased activity due to irradiation and pointed to a possibility that such activity could make the shield more permeable（能透過的）, he said.
“Increased protein activity might cause cells to shrink—not the blood vessels but the cells themselves—and then tiny gaps could appear between those cells through which some molecules could pass.” he said.
Leszczynski declined to speculate on what kind of health risks that could pose, but said a French study indicated that headache, fatigue and sleep disorders could result.
“These are not life-threatening problems but can cause a lot of discomfort,” he said, adding that a Swedish group had also suggested a possible link with Alzheimer’s disease.
“Where the truth is do not know,” he said.
Leszczynski said that he, his wife and children use mobile phones, and he said that he did not think his study suggested any need for new restrictions on mobile phone use.
36 According to Leszczynski, how does mobile phone affect one’s health?
[A] Mobile phone radiation can increase protein activities and such activities can make the protective shield more permeable.
[B] Mobile phone radiation can shrink the blood vessels and prevent blood from flowing smoothly.
[C] Mobile phone radiation will bring stress to people exposed to it.
[D] Mobile phone radiation kills blood cells at a rapid speed..
37 What’s the result of the French study?
[A] The harm of mobile phone radiation is life-threatening.
[B] Mobile phone may affect one’s normal way of thinking.
[C] Sleep disorders could result from mobile phone radiation.
[D] A protein called hsp27 is killed by mobile phone radiation.
38 What kind of disease is not caused by the use of mobile phone?
[A] Fatigue.
[B] Headache.
[C] Alzheimer’s disease.
[D] Tuberculosis..
39 According to the passage, what would be the future of the use of mobile phone?
[A] People will be forbidden to use mobile phone.
[B] People dare not use mobile phone because of its radiation.
[C] People will continue to use mobile phone.
[D] There will be new restrictions on the use of mobile phone.
40 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
[A] The research in Finland found that mobile phone radiation will affect one’s brain.
[B] Mobile phone radiation can cause increased activity in hundreds of protein in human cells.
[C] Increased protein activity might cause cells to shrink.
[D] Lszczynski forbid his wife and children to use mobile phone after his research.
Financial Risks
Several types of financial risk are encountered in international marketing; the major problems include commercial, political, and foreign exchange risk.
Commercial risks are handled essentially as normal credit risks encountered in day-to-day business. They include solvency, default, or refusal to pay bills. The major risk,__1__ which can only be dealt with through consistently effective management and marketing. One unique risk encountered by the international marketer involves financial adjustments. Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about the quality of goods delivered, a dispute over contract terms, or__2__. One company, for example, shipped several hundred tons of dehydrated potatoes to a distributor in Germany. The distributor tested the shipment and declared it to be below acceptable taste and texture standards. The alternatives for the exporter were reducing the price, reselling the potatoes, or shipping them home again, each involving considerable cost.
Political risk relates to the problems of war or revolution, currency inconvertibility, expropriation or expulsion, and restriction or cancellation of import licenses. Political risk is an environmental concern for all businesses. Management information systems and effective decision-making processes are the best defenses against political risk. As many companies have discovered, sometimes there is no way to avoid political risk,__3__.
Exchange-rate fluctuations inevitably cause problems, but for many years, most firms could take protective action to minimize their unfavorable effects. Floating exchange rates of the world's major currencies have forced all marketers __4__. International Business Machine Corporation, for example, reported that exchange losses resulted in a dramatic 21.6 percent drop in their earnings in the third quarter of 1981. __5__, devaluations of major currencies were infrequent and usually could be anticipate a d, but exchange-rate fluctuations in the float system are daily affairs.
Exercise:
A to be especially aware of exchange-rate fluctuations and the need to compensate for them in their financial planning
B any other disagreement over which payment is withheld
C however, is competition
D so marketers must be prepared to assume them or give up doing business in a particular market
E Before rates were permitted to float
F After serious consideration
參考答案: CBDAE Car Thieves could Be Stopped Remotely
Speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in a nasty surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine 1 , he will not be able to start it again.
For now, such devices 2 only available for fleets of trucks and specialist vehicles used on construction sites. But remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars, and 3 be available to ordinary cars in the UK 4 two months.
The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the carincorporates 5 miniature cellphone, a microprocessor and memory, and a GPS satellite positioning receiver. 6 the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine 7 restarted.
There are even plans for immobilizers 8 shut down vehicles on the move, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system.
In the UK. an array of technical fixes is already making 9 harder for car thieves. “The pattern of vehicles crime has changed,” says Martyn Randall of Thatcham, a security research organization based in Berkshire that is funded in part 10 the motor insurance industry.
He says it would only take him a few minutes to 11 a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old.
Modern cars are a far tougher proposition, as their engine management computer will not 12 them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition key. In the UK, technologies like this 13 achieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.
But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars. Often by getting hold of the owner’s keys in a burglary. In 2000, 12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the UK were taken using the owner’s keys double the previous year’s figure.
Remote-controlled immobilization system would 14 a major new obstacle in the criminal’s way by making such thefts pointless. A group that includes Thatcham, the police, insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could go on the market sooner than the 15 expects.
1. A. off B. on C. at D. of
2. A. is B. was C. were D. are
3. A. can B. have to C. need to D. should
4. A. after B. for C. in D. at
5. A. the B. / C. a D. an
6. A. With B. If C. But D. And
7. A. helping B. being C. get D. be
8. A. whose B. who C. that D. when
9. A. life B. cars C. warning D. problem
10. A. about B. to C. by D. on
11. A. use B. inform C. ask D. teach
12. A. let B. allow C. make D. give
13. A. have helped B. helped C. had helped D. was helped
14. A. speak B. have C. link D. put
15. A. lawyer B. doctor C. customer D. specialist
答案：ADDCC BBCAC DBADC
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第1部分：詞匯選項(第1～15題，每題1分，共15分)
下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義為接近的選項。
1.These are their motives for doing it.
A.reasons
B.excuses
C.answers
D.plans
2.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west.
A.twists
B.stretches
C.broadens
D.bends
3、Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs.
A.abuse
B.flavor
C.temptation
D.consumption
4.These programmes are of immense value to old people.
A.natural
B.fatal
C.tiny
D.enormous
5.A great deal has been done to remedy the situation.
A.maintain
B.improve
C.assess
D.protect
6.John is collaborating with Mary in writing an article.
A.cooperating
B.competing
C.combining
D.arguing
7.He is determined to consolidate his power.
A.strengthen
B.control
C.abandon
D.exercise
8.Many scientists have been probing psychological problems.
A.solving
B.exploring
C.settling
D.handling
9.Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habits.
A.removed
B.cured
C.worsened
D.relieved
10.And the cars are tested for defects before leaving the factory.
A.functions
C.motions
B.faults
D.parts
11.The food is insufficient for three people.
A.instant
B.infinite
C.inexpensive
D.inadequate
12.Thousands of people perished in the storm.
A.died
B.suffered
C.floated
D.scattered
13.But in the end he approved of our proposal.
A.undoubtedly
B.certainly
C.ultimately
D.necessarily
14.For young children，getting dressed is a complicated business.
A.strange
B.complex
C.personal
D.funny
15.In Britain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management.
A.evaluation
B.efficiency
C.production
D.publicity Black holes
Most scientists agree that black holes exist but are nearly impossible to locate. A black hole in the universe is not a solid object,like a planet ,but it is shaped like a sphere(球體). Astronomers(天文學(xué)家) think that at the center of a black hole there is a single point in space with infinite(無限的) density(稠密). This single point is called a singularity(奇點). If the singularity theory is correct ,it means that when a massive star collapses,all the material in it disappears into the singularity. The center of a black hole would not really be a hole at all, but an infinitely dense point. Anything that crosses the black hole is pulled in by its great gravity.
Although black holes do exist, they are difficult to observe. These are the reasons.
?
No light or anything else comes out of back holes. As a result,they are invisible to a telescope.
?
In astronomical terms, black holes are truly tiny. For example, a black hole formed by the collapse of a giant star would have an event horizon(視界) only 18 miles across.
?
The nearest black holes would be dozens of light years away from Earth. One light year is about 6 trillion(萬億) miles. Even the most powerful telescopes could not pick out an object so small at such a great distance.
In 1994 the Hubble Space Telescope provided evidence that black holes exist. There are still answers to be found, however, so black holes remain one of the mysteries of the mysteries of the universe.
16 Black holes are part of space.
A Right B Wrong C No mentioned
17 Black holes exist but are difficult to observe.
A Right B Wrong C No mentioned
18 The center of a black holes is empty.
A Right B Wrong C No mentioned
19 The attraction of two large stars leads to gravity.
A Right B Wrong C No mentioned
20 The sun is the heaviest star in the universe.
A Right B Wrong C No mentioned
21 The nearest black holes are hundreds of light years away from us.
A Right B Wrong C No mentioned
22 The Hubble Space Telescope helps scientists to understand the nature of the universe.
A Right B Wrong C No mentioned
參考答案：A A B C C B A
答案解析：
16 A 第一段第二行首句a black hole in the universe???指明本題答案。本題中space 不是空間，而是宇宙、太空的意思 ，跟課文中universe同義。
17 A 答案在第二段第一句話里：Although black holes do exist, they are difficult to observe。
18 B 這個陳述是錯誤的。第一段第三行的句子astronomers think that at the center of a black hole there is a single point in space with infinite density。天文學(xué)家認(rèn)為黑洞中心有個密度無限大的點，所以黑洞并不是空的。
19 C 關(guān)于gravity(重力)是怎么形成的，文章中沒有提到。
20 C 這個問題——太陽是宇宙中重的星球——文章中也沒有提到。
21 B 第二段給出的第三個原因the nearest black holes would be dozens of light years away from Earth表明離我們近的黑洞有dozens of(許多，好幾打)而不是hundreds of(成百上千的)光年，所以本題描述錯誤。
22 A 后一段第一句告訴我們Hubble Space Telescope provided evidence that black holes exist哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡提供了黑洞存在的證據(jù)，正是通過這種方式，哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡幫助科學(xué)家們更好地了解了宇宙的本質(zhì)。因此該陳述正確。
Icy Microbes
1.In ice that has sealed a salty Antarctic lake for more than 2,800 years, scientists have found frozen bacteria and algae that returned to life after thawing. The research may help in the search for life on Mars, which is thought to have subsurface lakes of ice.
2.A research team led by Peter Doran of the University of Illinois at Chicago drilled through more than 39 feet of ice to collect samples of bacteria and algae. When Doran’s team brought them back and warmed them up a bit, they sprang back to life.
3.Doran said the microbes have been age-dated at 2,800 years old, but even older microbes may live deeper in the ice sheet sealing the lake, and in the briny water below the ice. That deeper ice and the water itself will be cautiously sampled in a later expedition that will test techniques that may one day be used on Mars.
4.Called Lake Vida, the 4.5-square—kilometer body is one of a series of lakes located in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, some 2,200 kilometers due south of New Zealand. This lake has been known since the 1950s, but people ignored it because they thought it was just a big block of ice. While at the site for other research in the 1990s, Doran and his colleagues sent radar signals into the clear ice covering the lake and were surprised to find that 62 feet below there was a pool of liquid water that was about seven times more salty than seawater.
5.That prompted the researchers to return in 1996 with equipment to drill a hole down to within a few feet of the water layer. At the bottom of this hole, researchers harvested specimens of algae and bacteria.
6.The researchers will return in 2004 equipped with instruments that are sterilized. They will then drill through the full 62 feet of ice and sample some of the briny water from the lake for analysis. The water specimen will be cultured to see if it contains life. Specimens from the water are expected to be even older than the life forms extracted from the ice covering.
練習(xí)：
1.Paragraph 2 _____
2.Paragraph 3 _____
3.Paragraph 4 _____
4.Paragraph 6 _____
A. Significance of Testing Techniques for Sampling Microbes in the Deep Ice Sheet
B. Special Features of Lake Vida
C. Later Expedition on Mars
D. 2004 Revisit Planned for Collecting Lake Water Specimens
E. Antarctic Frozen Life Sampled and Revived
F. Accidental Discovery of Ice-sealed Lake Water in Antarctica
5.Scientists ignored Lake Vida because they thought that a lake of ice _____.
6.Scientists expect that the life, if found in deeper water below the ice sheet, _____.
7.What the scientists will do in 2004 _____.
8.The salt concentration in the liquid water of Lake Vida _____.
A. is found to be a great deal higher than that of seawater
B. was of little scientific value
C. may be older than that collected below 39 feet of ice
D. might have come from Mars
E. is to collect some briny lake water for analysis
F. may return to life sooner than microbes frozen in the surface ice
5. Signing the FCTC is only the first step toward__________.
6. Countries that ratify the FCTC will have to, among other things__________.
7. It is hoped that the FCTC will greatly help to reduce deaths__________.
8. Much more countries have signed the FCTC that those that__________.
A. have ratified it
B. approving it
C. implement its provisions
D. restrict smoking in public places
E. caused by tobacco use
F. including higher tobacco taxes
答案：EAFD BCEA
Adult Education
1 Voluntary learning in organized courses by mature men and women is called adult education. Such education is offered to make people able to enlarge and interpret their experience as adults. Adults may want to study something which they missed in earlier schooling, get new skills or job training, find out about new technological developments, seek better self-under-standing, or develop new talents and skills.
2 This kind of education may be in the form of self-study with proper guidance through the use of libraries, correspondence courses, or broadcasting. It may also be acquired collectively in schools and colleges, study groups, workshops, clubs, and professional associations.
3 Modern adult education for large numbers of people started in the 18th and 19th centuries with the rise of the Industrial Revolution. Great economic and social changes were taking place: people were moving from rural areas to cities, new types of work were being created in an expanding factory system. These and other factors produced a need for further education and re-education of adults.
4 The earliest programs of organized adult education arose in Great Britain in the 1790s,with the founding of an adult school in Nottingham and a mechanics' institute in Glasgow. The earliest adult education institution in the United States was founded by Benjamin Franklin and some friends in Philadelphia in 1727.
5 People recognize that continued learning is necessary for most forms of employment today. For example, parts of the adult population in many countries find it necessary to take part in retraining programs at work or even to learn completely new jobs. Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs.
23 Paragraph 2 __________
24 Paragraph.3 __________
25 Paragraph 4 __________
26 Paragraph 5 __________
A Necessity for developing adult education
B Early days of adult education
C Ways of receiving adult education
D Growth of adult education
E Institutions of adult education
F Definition of adult education
27 Some adults want to learn __________.
28 There are various forms of adult education, including __________.
29 Adult education has been made necessary __________.
30 The earliest organized adult education __________.
A by social and economic changes
B guided self-study and correspondence courses
C by studying together with children
D what they did not manage to learn earlier
E dates hack to the eighteenth century
F mass production
23 C本段的主題是成人教育的不同方式。
24 A本段從社會、經(jīng)濟、工業(yè)等因素介紹了發(fā)展成人教育的必要性。
25 B本段介紹了早期的有組織的成人教育計劃。
26 D本段簡述了人們對成人教育的認(rèn)識和成人教育的發(fā)展。
27 D動詞learn后面缺的是它的賓語，填入的是個由what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
28 B including提示后面要求填入的是前面說的成人教育的各種形式中的若干種。
29 A has been made necessary被動式的出現(xiàn)說明后面很可能會跟一個by短語，當(dāng)然從意義上考慮不應(yīng)該是C。
30 E date是動詞，date back to的意思是“追溯到……”。
Mobile Phone and Diseases
A study by scientists in Finland has found that mobile phone radiation can cause changes in human cells that might affect the brain, the leader of the research team said.
But Darius Leszczynski, who headed the 2-year study and will present findings next week at a conference in Quebec（魁北克）, said more research was needed to determine the seriousness of the changes and their impact on the brain or the body.
The study at Finland’s Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority found that exposure to radiation from mobile phones can cause increased activity in hundreds of proteins in human cells grown in a laboratory, he said.
“We know that there is some biological response. We can detect it with our very sensitive approaches, but we do not know whether it can have any physiological effects on the human brain or human body,” Leszczynski said.
Nonetheless the study, the initial findings of which were published last month in the scientific journal Differentiation, raises new questions about whether mobile phone radiation can weaken the brain’s protective shield against harmful substances.
The study focused on changes in cells that line blood vessels and on whether such changes could weaken the functioning of the blood-brain barrier, which prevents potentially harmful substances from entering the brain from the bloodstream, Leszczynski said.
The study found that a protein called hsp27 linked to the functioning of the blood-brain barrier showed increased activity due to irradiation and pointed to a possibility that such activity could make the shield more permeable（能透過的）, he said.
“Increased protein activity might cause cells to shrink—not the blood vessels but the cells themselves—and then tiny gaps could appear between those cells through which some molecules could pass.” he said.
Leszczynski declined to speculate on what kind of health risks that could pose, but said a French study indicated that headache, fatigue and sleep disorders could result.
“These are not life-threatening problems but can cause a lot of discomfort,” he said, adding that a Swedish group had also suggested a possible link with Alzheimer’s disease.
“Where the truth is do not know,” he said.
Leszczynski said that he, his wife and children use mobile phones, and he said that he did not think his study suggested any need for new restrictions on mobile phone use.
36 According to Leszczynski, how does mobile phone affect one’s health?
[A] Mobile phone radiation can increase protein activities and such activities can make the protective shield more permeable.
[B] Mobile phone radiation can shrink the blood vessels and prevent blood from flowing smoothly.
[C] Mobile phone radiation will bring stress to people exposed to it.
[D] Mobile phone radiation kills blood cells at a rapid speed..
37 What’s the result of the French study?
[A] The harm of mobile phone radiation is life-threatening.
[B] Mobile phone may affect one’s normal way of thinking.
[C] Sleep disorders could result from mobile phone radiation.
[D] A protein called hsp27 is killed by mobile phone radiation.
38 What kind of disease is not caused by the use of mobile phone?
[A] Fatigue.
[B] Headache.
[C] Alzheimer’s disease.
[D] Tuberculosis..
39 According to the passage, what would be the future of the use of mobile phone?
[A] People will be forbidden to use mobile phone.
[B] People dare not use mobile phone because of its radiation.
[C] People will continue to use mobile phone.
[D] There will be new restrictions on the use of mobile phone.
40 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
[A] The research in Finland found that mobile phone radiation will affect one’s brain.
[B] Mobile phone radiation can cause increased activity in hundreds of protein in human cells.
[C] Increased protein activity might cause cells to shrink.
[D] Lszczynski forbid his wife and children to use mobile phone after his research.
Financial Risks
Several types of financial risk are encountered in international marketing; the major problems include commercial, political, and foreign exchange risk.
Commercial risks are handled essentially as normal credit risks encountered in day-to-day business. They include solvency, default, or refusal to pay bills. The major risk,__1__ which can only be dealt with through consistently effective management and marketing. One unique risk encountered by the international marketer involves financial adjustments. Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about the quality of goods delivered, a dispute over contract terms, or__2__. One company, for example, shipped several hundred tons of dehydrated potatoes to a distributor in Germany. The distributor tested the shipment and declared it to be below acceptable taste and texture standards. The alternatives for the exporter were reducing the price, reselling the potatoes, or shipping them home again, each involving considerable cost.
Political risk relates to the problems of war or revolution, currency inconvertibility, expropriation or expulsion, and restriction or cancellation of import licenses. Political risk is an environmental concern for all businesses. Management information systems and effective decision-making processes are the best defenses against political risk. As many companies have discovered, sometimes there is no way to avoid political risk,__3__.
Exchange-rate fluctuations inevitably cause problems, but for many years, most firms could take protective action to minimize their unfavorable effects. Floating exchange rates of the world's major currencies have forced all marketers __4__. International Business Machine Corporation, for example, reported that exchange losses resulted in a dramatic 21.6 percent drop in their earnings in the third quarter of 1981. __5__, devaluations of major currencies were infrequent and usually could be anticipate a d, but exchange-rate fluctuations in the float system are daily affairs.
Exercise:
A to be especially aware of exchange-rate fluctuations and the need to compensate for them in their financial planning
B any other disagreement over which payment is withheld
C however, is competition
D so marketers must be prepared to assume them or give up doing business in a particular market
E Before rates were permitted to float
F After serious consideration
參考答案: CBDAE Car Thieves could Be Stopped Remotely
Speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in a nasty surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine 1 , he will not be able to start it again.
For now, such devices 2 only available for fleets of trucks and specialist vehicles used on construction sites. But remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars, and 3 be available to ordinary cars in the UK 4 two months.
The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the carincorporates 5 miniature cellphone, a microprocessor and memory, and a GPS satellite positioning receiver. 6 the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine 7 restarted.
There are even plans for immobilizers 8 shut down vehicles on the move, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system.
In the UK. an array of technical fixes is already making 9 harder for car thieves. “The pattern of vehicles crime has changed,” says Martyn Randall of Thatcham, a security research organization based in Berkshire that is funded in part 10 the motor insurance industry.
He says it would only take him a few minutes to 11 a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old.
Modern cars are a far tougher proposition, as their engine management computer will not 12 them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition key. In the UK, technologies like this 13 achieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.
But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars. Often by getting hold of the owner’s keys in a burglary. In 2000, 12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the UK were taken using the owner’s keys double the previous year’s figure.
Remote-controlled immobilization system would 14 a major new obstacle in the criminal’s way by making such thefts pointless. A group that includes Thatcham, the police, insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could go on the market sooner than the 15 expects.
1. A. off B. on C. at D. of
2. A. is B. was C. were D. are
3. A. can B. have to C. need to D. should
4. A. after B. for C. in D. at
5. A. the B. / C. a D. an
6. A. With B. If C. But D. And
7. A. helping B. being C. get D. be
8. A. whose B. who C. that D. when
9. A. life B. cars C. warning D. problem
10. A. about B. to C. by D. on
11. A. use B. inform C. ask D. teach
12. A. let B. allow C. make D. give
13. A. have helped B. helped C. had helped D. was helped
14. A. speak B. have C. link D. put
15. A. lawyer B. doctor C. customer D. specialist
答案：ADDCC BBCAC DBADC
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