英語資源頻道為大家整理的雙語新聞：刷牙的時機，供大家閱讀參考。
That colleague who always brushes his teeth after lunch in the office bathroom? A published study suggests that scrubbing immediately after eating may be doing him more harm than good. While professional opinions may vary, Delaware dentist Jeffrey M. Cole, former president of the Academy of General Dentistry, a dental advocacy group, weighs in on this topic.
你或許也有一個每次午飯后都會在廁所里面刷牙的同事吧？一項研究表明，用餐過后立刻刷牙可能弊大于利。關(guān)于這個話題專家們意見不一，以下是美國牙科學(xué)院(Academy of General Dentistry，一家牙科倡導(dǎo)組織)前主席、特拉華牙醫(yī)杰弗里·科爾(Jeffrey M. Cole)的觀點。
Cavity Culprits
蛀牙的罪魁禍?zhǔn)?BR> Sugary foods, particularly those that are sticky or liquid, are bad for your teeth because the bacteria or plaque on the enamel metabolizes sugars, producing acids that can lead to gum disease, inflammation and cavities. Conventional wisdom held that if you remove the food particles quickly after they were introduced into the mouth, you would reduce the instance of cavities. 'What we found is that much of the cariogenic substances, those things that cause cavities, are not only sugar-containing, but they are very acidic themselves,' says Dr. Cole.
甜食，特別是那些黏牙或者液體型的甜食很容易傷害牙齒，因為琺瑯質(zhì)上的細菌和牙菌斑會分解糖分同時產(chǎn)生導(dǎo)致牙齦疾病、炎癥及蛀牙的酸性物質(zhì)。傳統(tǒng)觀念認為如果你能在吃完東西后及時清除口腔中的食物殘渣，就可以降低蛀牙率?？茽柌┦空f：“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，大部分致齲性的物質(zhì)，即導(dǎo)致蛀牙的物質(zhì)，并不只含有糖分，而且本身酸性也很強?！?BR> Too Much Acid
酸性太強
'When you eat or drink something acidic, the pH in your mouth goes down and can take some time to go back to normal.' The ideal pH of a mouth is about 7, while a soda -- even a diet one -- can be as low as 2.5 or 'about the same as household vinegar,' says Dr. Cole. Acid demineralizes and weakens the tooth surface, making it more prone to decay.
科爾博士說：“當(dāng)你進食酸性食物或飲用酸性飲料時，你口中的PH值會降低，一段時間之后才能回到正常值。”理想的PH值大約為七，但即使是無糖型的碳酸飲料的PH值也會低至2.5，“這和食用醋的酸度差不多”。酸性物質(zhì)會侵蝕牙齒表面，導(dǎo)致蛀牙更易發(fā)生。
Scrubbing with a toothbrush can actually encourage the process, according to a study published in the journal General Dentistry in 2004. 'When you want to make etched glass, you apply an acid or an abrasive and scratch it -- that is what happens if you drink a sports drink or a soda, or even wine, and brush right after,' says Dr. Cole. If you wait 30 minutes, however, 'the saliva in your mouth will naturally bring the acid down to a more neutral pH and not rub acidic substances in.'
2004年《普通牙科學(xué)》(General Dentistry)發(fā)表的一篇研究論文指出，用牙刷摩擦牙齒表面反而會加速這個進程?？茽柌┦空f：“在制造蝕刻玻璃時，會借用酸性或腐蝕性的物質(zhì)并加以摩擦——喝完運動飲料、碳酸飲料甚至飲酒后馬上刷牙和這是一個效果?！钡侨绻愕?0分鐘，“唾液就會把口腔酸度降到一個偏中性的PH值，而不會在刷牙時把酸性物質(zhì)帶入牙齒中”。
Rinse, Repeat
重復(fù)漱口
Rinsing with water has actually been shown to balance the mouth's pH after ingesting acidic food and beverages. 'We tell patients that, once you're done drinking, the best thing to do is to just rinse your mouth out with water,' says Dr. Cole. 'It's better than brushing within that first 30 minutes.' An antibacterial mouthwash can help prevent the plaque from producing more acids, so keeping a little bottle in your office drawer isn't a bad idea, either.
進食酸性食物或飲用酸性飲料后用水漱口已被證實對平衡口腔PH值有效?？茽柌┦空f：“我們告訴病人，喝完東西后的方法就是用水漱口。這比在30分鐘內(nèi)刷牙效果要好?！狈谰谒軌蜃柚寡谰弋a(chǎn)生更多的酸性物質(zhì)，所以不妨在辦公司抽屜里面放上一小瓶。
Cheese Whiz
奶酪神器
Studies show two things people can chew to help ward off tooth decay. One, Dr. Cole says, is chewy cheese: String cheese will reduce the pH of bacterial plaque. One reason, says Dr. Cole, is that chewy things make you salivate, and proteins in your saliva will buffer acids. Also, naturally occurring chemicals in cheese 'encourage the tooth to remineralize.' Dr. Cole suggests: 'The pairing of wine with cheese is actually a good thing, because the cheese can counterbalance the acidity of the wine.'
研究表明人們可以通過咀嚼兩樣食物來防止蛀牙。科爾博士說，其中一樣就是耐嚼的奶酪：奶酪棒會降低牙菌斑的PH值?？茽柌┦空f，一個原因是，耐嚼的東西會讓人產(chǎn)生口水，而口水中的蛋白質(zhì)會對酸性物質(zhì)形成緩沖。除此之外，奶酪當(dāng)中所含的天然化學(xué)物質(zhì)會“加速牙齒的再礦化”?？茽柌┦拷ㄗh：“喝紅酒時搭配奶酪是一個非常好的選擇，因為奶酪可以中和紅酒中所含的酸性物質(zhì)?！?BR> Chewing sugarless gum is also a good option if you can't get to your toothbrush. 'Some studies have suggested that xylitol, which is the sweetening agent in gum, actually has anticariogenic characteristics.'
如果不能刷牙，嚼無糖口香糖也是個不錯的選擇?！耙恍┭芯勘砻鳠o糖口香糖中甜味的來源——木糖醇——確實有防蛀的效果?！?BR> Bedtime
臨睡前
Dentists like Dr. Cole suggest brushing twice a day, for two minutes each time. If you can only do it once, bedtime is best, since that is when your mouth salivates less, allowing cavity-causing substances to take hold. Rinsing after sipping sugary drinks is always a good idea. 'I'm guilty of craving a Coke now and then just like anyone else,' says Dr. Cole. 'But after I will go and rinse that acid and sugar out with some plain water.'
包括科爾博士在內(nèi)的牙醫(yī)們建議每天刷兩次牙，每次兩分鐘。如果你只能刷一次牙，臨睡前是的選擇，因為那個時候你口中的唾液量最少，誘發(fā)蛀牙的物質(zhì)會占據(jù)上風(fēng)。每次喝完含糖飲料之后都漱口?？茽柌┦空f：“我和大家一樣，時不時會突然想來罐可樂。但之后我就會用白開水漱口以去除口中的酸性物質(zhì)和糖分?！?
That colleague who always brushes his teeth after lunch in the office bathroom? A published study suggests that scrubbing immediately after eating may be doing him more harm than good. While professional opinions may vary, Delaware dentist Jeffrey M. Cole, former president of the Academy of General Dentistry, a dental advocacy group, weighs in on this topic.
你或許也有一個每次午飯后都會在廁所里面刷牙的同事吧？一項研究表明，用餐過后立刻刷牙可能弊大于利。關(guān)于這個話題專家們意見不一，以下是美國牙科學(xué)院(Academy of General Dentistry，一家牙科倡導(dǎo)組織)前主席、特拉華牙醫(yī)杰弗里·科爾(Jeffrey M. Cole)的觀點。
Cavity Culprits
蛀牙的罪魁禍?zhǔn)?BR> Sugary foods, particularly those that are sticky or liquid, are bad for your teeth because the bacteria or plaque on the enamel metabolizes sugars, producing acids that can lead to gum disease, inflammation and cavities. Conventional wisdom held that if you remove the food particles quickly after they were introduced into the mouth, you would reduce the instance of cavities. 'What we found is that much of the cariogenic substances, those things that cause cavities, are not only sugar-containing, but they are very acidic themselves,' says Dr. Cole.
甜食，特別是那些黏牙或者液體型的甜食很容易傷害牙齒，因為琺瑯質(zhì)上的細菌和牙菌斑會分解糖分同時產(chǎn)生導(dǎo)致牙齦疾病、炎癥及蛀牙的酸性物質(zhì)。傳統(tǒng)觀念認為如果你能在吃完東西后及時清除口腔中的食物殘渣，就可以降低蛀牙率?？茽柌┦空f：“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，大部分致齲性的物質(zhì)，即導(dǎo)致蛀牙的物質(zhì)，并不只含有糖分，而且本身酸性也很強?！?BR> Too Much Acid
酸性太強
'When you eat or drink something acidic, the pH in your mouth goes down and can take some time to go back to normal.' The ideal pH of a mouth is about 7, while a soda -- even a diet one -- can be as low as 2.5 or 'about the same as household vinegar,' says Dr. Cole. Acid demineralizes and weakens the tooth surface, making it more prone to decay.
科爾博士說：“當(dāng)你進食酸性食物或飲用酸性飲料時，你口中的PH值會降低，一段時間之后才能回到正常值。”理想的PH值大約為七，但即使是無糖型的碳酸飲料的PH值也會低至2.5，“這和食用醋的酸度差不多”。酸性物質(zhì)會侵蝕牙齒表面，導(dǎo)致蛀牙更易發(fā)生。
Scrubbing with a toothbrush can actually encourage the process, according to a study published in the journal General Dentistry in 2004. 'When you want to make etched glass, you apply an acid or an abrasive and scratch it -- that is what happens if you drink a sports drink or a soda, or even wine, and brush right after,' says Dr. Cole. If you wait 30 minutes, however, 'the saliva in your mouth will naturally bring the acid down to a more neutral pH and not rub acidic substances in.'
2004年《普通牙科學(xué)》(General Dentistry)發(fā)表的一篇研究論文指出，用牙刷摩擦牙齒表面反而會加速這個進程?？茽柌┦空f：“在制造蝕刻玻璃時，會借用酸性或腐蝕性的物質(zhì)并加以摩擦——喝完運動飲料、碳酸飲料甚至飲酒后馬上刷牙和這是一個效果?！钡侨绻愕?0分鐘，“唾液就會把口腔酸度降到一個偏中性的PH值，而不會在刷牙時把酸性物質(zhì)帶入牙齒中”。
Rinse, Repeat
重復(fù)漱口
Rinsing with water has actually been shown to balance the mouth's pH after ingesting acidic food and beverages. 'We tell patients that, once you're done drinking, the best thing to do is to just rinse your mouth out with water,' says Dr. Cole. 'It's better than brushing within that first 30 minutes.' An antibacterial mouthwash can help prevent the plaque from producing more acids, so keeping a little bottle in your office drawer isn't a bad idea, either.
進食酸性食物或飲用酸性飲料后用水漱口已被證實對平衡口腔PH值有效?？茽柌┦空f：“我們告訴病人，喝完東西后的方法就是用水漱口。這比在30分鐘內(nèi)刷牙效果要好?！狈谰谒軌蜃柚寡谰弋a(chǎn)生更多的酸性物質(zhì)，所以不妨在辦公司抽屜里面放上一小瓶。
Cheese Whiz
奶酪神器
Studies show two things people can chew to help ward off tooth decay. One, Dr. Cole says, is chewy cheese: String cheese will reduce the pH of bacterial plaque. One reason, says Dr. Cole, is that chewy things make you salivate, and proteins in your saliva will buffer acids. Also, naturally occurring chemicals in cheese 'encourage the tooth to remineralize.' Dr. Cole suggests: 'The pairing of wine with cheese is actually a good thing, because the cheese can counterbalance the acidity of the wine.'
研究表明人們可以通過咀嚼兩樣食物來防止蛀牙。科爾博士說，其中一樣就是耐嚼的奶酪：奶酪棒會降低牙菌斑的PH值?？茽柌┦空f，一個原因是，耐嚼的東西會讓人產(chǎn)生口水，而口水中的蛋白質(zhì)會對酸性物質(zhì)形成緩沖。除此之外，奶酪當(dāng)中所含的天然化學(xué)物質(zhì)會“加速牙齒的再礦化”?？茽柌┦拷ㄗh：“喝紅酒時搭配奶酪是一個非常好的選擇，因為奶酪可以中和紅酒中所含的酸性物質(zhì)?！?BR> Chewing sugarless gum is also a good option if you can't get to your toothbrush. 'Some studies have suggested that xylitol, which is the sweetening agent in gum, actually has anticariogenic characteristics.'
如果不能刷牙，嚼無糖口香糖也是個不錯的選擇?！耙恍┭芯勘砻鳠o糖口香糖中甜味的來源——木糖醇——確實有防蛀的效果?！?BR> Bedtime
臨睡前
Dentists like Dr. Cole suggest brushing twice a day, for two minutes each time. If you can only do it once, bedtime is best, since that is when your mouth salivates less, allowing cavity-causing substances to take hold. Rinsing after sipping sugary drinks is always a good idea. 'I'm guilty of craving a Coke now and then just like anyone else,' says Dr. Cole. 'But after I will go and rinse that acid and sugar out with some plain water.'
包括科爾博士在內(nèi)的牙醫(yī)們建議每天刷兩次牙，每次兩分鐘。如果你只能刷一次牙，臨睡前是的選擇，因為那個時候你口中的唾液量最少，誘發(fā)蛀牙的物質(zhì)會占據(jù)上風(fēng)。每次喝完含糖飲料之后都漱口?？茽柌┦空f：“我和大家一樣，時不時會突然想來罐可樂。但之后我就會用白開水漱口以去除口中的酸性物質(zhì)和糖分?！?