英語聽力頻道為大家整理的大學英語聽力訓練01，供大家參考:)
[00:29.60]Unit 1 Text A What Is a Decision?
[00:32.72]決策是什么?
[00:35.84]A decision is a choice
[00:40.28]made from among alternative courses of action that are available.
[00:43.66]決策即是從幾種可行的行為中做出選擇.
[00:47.05]The purpose of makinga decision
[00:51.10]is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives.
[00:54.82]決策的目的是為了建立和達到組織的目標.
[00:58.54]The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists,
[01:01.56]決策的原因是存在著問題,
[01:04.57]goals or objectives are wrong
[01:06.99]目標有誤,
[01:09.41]or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them.
[01:12.03]或有某種東西妨礙著它的實現.
[01:14.66]Thus the decision-making process is fundamental to management.
[01:18.38] 因此決策的過程對于管理是必不可和的.
[01:22.10]almost everything a manager does involves decisions,
[01:25.63]幾乎管理者所做的所有事情都涉及到決策.
[01:29.16]indeed,some suggest that the management process is decisions making.
[01:33.09]確實,有人認為管理過程就是決策過程.
[01:37.02]Although managers cannot predict the future,
[01:40.05]雖然管理者不能預測未來,
[01:43.08]many of their decisions require that they condider possible future events.
[01:47.05]但他們的許多決策還是要求他們考慮到未來可能發(fā)生的事情.
[01:51.02]Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be
[01:54.76]通常管理者必須對未來的情況做出佳預測,
[01:58.49]and try to leave as little as possible to chance,
[02:01.42]從而使偶然性盡可能少地發(fā)生.
[02:04.34]but since uncrtainty is always there,risk accompanies decisions.
[02:08.27]但因為總存在著不確定性,所以風險常伴隨著決策.
[02:12.21]Sometimes the consequences of a poor decision are slight;
[02:15.47]有時候不明知的決策的結果沒什么大不了的,
[02:18.74]at other times they are serious.
[02:21.02]有時卻非常嚴重.
[02:23.31] Choice is the opportunity to select among alternatives.
[02:26.69] 選擇就是從可供選擇的事物中進行選擇的機會.
[02:30.07]If there is no choice,there is no decision to be made.
[02:33.25]如果沒有選擇,就不會有決策.
[02:36.42]Decision making is the process of choosing,
[02:39.69]決策是選擇的過程,
[02:42.95]and many decisions have a broad range of choice.
[02:46.03]許多決策有很廣的可選范圍.
[02:49.12]For example,
[02:50.88]例如:
[02:52.64]a student may be able to choose among a number of different courses
[02:55.97]例如:為了完成得到大學學位的決策,
[02:59.30]in order to implement the decision to obtain a college degree.
[03:02.44]一個學生可以從許多不同的課程中選擇.
[03:05.57]For managers,every decision has constraints based on policies,
[03:09.40]對管理者來說,每次決策都受到政策,
[03:13.23]procedures,laws,precedents,and the like.
[03:16.31]程序,法律,慣例等等因素的制約.
[03:19.39]These constraints exist at all levels of the organization.
[03:22.51]這些制約存在于各級組織中.
[03:25.64]Alternatives are the possible courses of action from which choices can be made.
[03:29.61] 供選擇的事物是指可供從中選擇的可能的行為過程.
[03:33.58]If there are no alternatives,there is no choice and,therefore,no decision.
[03:37.55]如果沒有供選擇的事物,就不能做出選擇,因此,就沒有決策.
[03:41.52]If no alternatives are seen,
[03:43.56]如果找不到可供選擇的事物,
[03:45.59]often it means that a thorough job of examining the problems has not been done.
[03:49.22]通常意味著對這個問題還沒有做徹底的審查.
[03:52.86]For example,managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion;
[03:56.83]例如:管理者有時用二者擇一的方式來處理問題,
[04:00.80]this is their way of simplifying complex problems.
[04:03.44]這是他們簡化復雜問題的方式.
[04:06.07]But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives.
[04:09.65]但這種簡化的傾向使得他們看不到其他可供選擇的辦法.
[04:13.23]At the managerial level,
[04:15.11] 在管理級別上,
[04:16.99]decision making includes limiting alternatives as well as identifying them,
[04:21.02]決策包括限定并確定可選擇的事物,
[04:25.04]and the range is from highly limited to practically unlimited.
[04:28.53]其范圍從極其有限到實際上無限多.
[04:32.01] Decision makers must have some way of determining
[04:34.94]決策者必須有辦法決定
[04:37.86]which of several alternatives is best,
[04:40.24]在若干種可供選擇的事物中哪能種是優(yōu)的,
[04:42.62]that is which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals.
[04:46.64]也就是哪種有助于完成組織目標.
[04:50.66]An organizational goal
[04:54.50]is an end or a state of affairs the organization seeks to reach.
[04:57.98]組織目標是組織所追求達到的事件的結束或狀態(tài).
[05:01.45]Because individuals(and organizations)frequently have different ideas about
[00:29.60]Unit 1 Text A What Is a Decision?
[00:32.72]決策是什么?
[00:35.84]A decision is a choice
[00:40.28]made from among alternative courses of action that are available.
[00:43.66]決策即是從幾種可行的行為中做出選擇.
[00:47.05]The purpose of makinga decision
[00:51.10]is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives.
[00:54.82]決策的目的是為了建立和達到組織的目標.
[00:58.54]The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists,
[01:01.56]決策的原因是存在著問題,
[01:04.57]goals or objectives are wrong
[01:06.99]目標有誤,
[01:09.41]or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them.
[01:12.03]或有某種東西妨礙著它的實現.
[01:14.66]Thus the decision-making process is fundamental to management.
[01:18.38] 因此決策的過程對于管理是必不可和的.
[01:22.10]almost everything a manager does involves decisions,
[01:25.63]幾乎管理者所做的所有事情都涉及到決策.
[01:29.16]indeed,some suggest that the management process is decisions making.
[01:33.09]確實,有人認為管理過程就是決策過程.
[01:37.02]Although managers cannot predict the future,
[01:40.05]雖然管理者不能預測未來,
[01:43.08]many of their decisions require that they condider possible future events.
[01:47.05]但他們的許多決策還是要求他們考慮到未來可能發(fā)生的事情.
[01:51.02]Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be
[01:54.76]通常管理者必須對未來的情況做出佳預測,
[01:58.49]and try to leave as little as possible to chance,
[02:01.42]從而使偶然性盡可能少地發(fā)生.
[02:04.34]but since uncrtainty is always there,risk accompanies decisions.
[02:08.27]但因為總存在著不確定性,所以風險常伴隨著決策.
[02:12.21]Sometimes the consequences of a poor decision are slight;
[02:15.47]有時候不明知的決策的結果沒什么大不了的,
[02:18.74]at other times they are serious.
[02:21.02]有時卻非常嚴重.
[02:23.31] Choice is the opportunity to select among alternatives.
[02:26.69] 選擇就是從可供選擇的事物中進行選擇的機會.
[02:30.07]If there is no choice,there is no decision to be made.
[02:33.25]如果沒有選擇,就不會有決策.
[02:36.42]Decision making is the process of choosing,
[02:39.69]決策是選擇的過程,
[02:42.95]and many decisions have a broad range of choice.
[02:46.03]許多決策有很廣的可選范圍.
[02:49.12]For example,
[02:50.88]例如:
[02:52.64]a student may be able to choose among a number of different courses
[02:55.97]例如:為了完成得到大學學位的決策,
[02:59.30]in order to implement the decision to obtain a college degree.
[03:02.44]一個學生可以從許多不同的課程中選擇.
[03:05.57]For managers,every decision has constraints based on policies,
[03:09.40]對管理者來說,每次決策都受到政策,
[03:13.23]procedures,laws,precedents,and the like.
[03:16.31]程序,法律,慣例等等因素的制約.
[03:19.39]These constraints exist at all levels of the organization.
[03:22.51]這些制約存在于各級組織中.
[03:25.64]Alternatives are the possible courses of action from which choices can be made.
[03:29.61] 供選擇的事物是指可供從中選擇的可能的行為過程.
[03:33.58]If there are no alternatives,there is no choice and,therefore,no decision.
[03:37.55]如果沒有供選擇的事物,就不能做出選擇,因此,就沒有決策.
[03:41.52]If no alternatives are seen,
[03:43.56]如果找不到可供選擇的事物,
[03:45.59]often it means that a thorough job of examining the problems has not been done.
[03:49.22]通常意味著對這個問題還沒有做徹底的審查.
[03:52.86]For example,managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion;
[03:56.83]例如:管理者有時用二者擇一的方式來處理問題,
[04:00.80]this is their way of simplifying complex problems.
[04:03.44]這是他們簡化復雜問題的方式.
[04:06.07]But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives.
[04:09.65]但這種簡化的傾向使得他們看不到其他可供選擇的辦法.
[04:13.23]At the managerial level,
[04:15.11] 在管理級別上,
[04:16.99]decision making includes limiting alternatives as well as identifying them,
[04:21.02]決策包括限定并確定可選擇的事物,
[04:25.04]and the range is from highly limited to practically unlimited.
[04:28.53]其范圍從極其有限到實際上無限多.
[04:32.01] Decision makers must have some way of determining
[04:34.94]決策者必須有辦法決定
[04:37.86]which of several alternatives is best,
[04:40.24]在若干種可供選擇的事物中哪能種是優(yōu)的,
[04:42.62]that is which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals.
[04:46.64]也就是哪種有助于完成組織目標.
[04:50.66]An organizational goal
[04:54.50]is an end or a state of affairs the organization seeks to reach.
[04:57.98]組織目標是組織所追求達到的事件的結束或狀態(tài).
[05:01.45]Because individuals(and organizations)frequently have different ideas about