Out of the darkness沖出黑暗-新概念英語第二冊自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀筆記第33課

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新概念英語第二冊第33課課文重難點(diǎn) further notes on the text
    1.nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. 幾乎過了一個(gè)星期,那姑娘才能講述自己的遭遇。
    (1)這句話有兩個(gè)從句。before一直到結(jié)尾是句子的時(shí)間狀語從句。在這個(gè)從句中,explain又有自己的賓語從句,what為這個(gè)從句的主語。
    (2)before在引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí),有時(shí)不一定譯為"在……之前",雖然表達(dá)的是這個(gè)意思,如文中的這句話。類似的情況有:
    it will be months before he can come back.要過好幾個(gè)月他才能回來。
    he ran off before his mother could stop him.他母親還沒來得及阻止他,他就跑掉了。
    新概念英語第二冊第33課課文重難點(diǎn) further notes on the text
    1.nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. 幾乎過了一個(gè)星期,那姑娘才能講述自己的遭遇。
    (1)這句話有兩個(gè)從句。before一直到結(jié)尾是句子的時(shí)間狀語從句。在這個(gè)從句中,explain又有自己的賓語從句,what為這個(gè)從句的主語。
    (2)before在引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí),有時(shí)不一定譯為"在……之前",雖然表達(dá)的是這個(gè)意思,如文中的這句話。類似的情況有:
    it will be months before he can come back.要過好幾個(gè)月他才能回來。
    he ran off before his mother could stop him.他母親還沒來得及阻止他,他就跑掉了。
    2.one afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. 一天下午,她乘小船從海岸出發(fā),遇上了風(fēng)暴。
    (1)我們已經(jīng)學(xué)過 set out表示"出發(fā)":
    captain alison will set out at eight o'clock.艾利森船長將于8點(diǎn)鐘啟航。
    set out from表示"從……出發(fā)"。
    (2) be caught in表示某人"(突然)遇到/上(風(fēng)暴等)":
    he was caught in a heavy rain on the way home.他在回家途中遇到了大雨。
    3.then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. 她在海里游了整整一夜才游到岸邊。
    介詞after的賓語是動名詞spending及這個(gè)動名詞的賓語、狀語,這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)在意義上等于 after she had spent the whole nightin the water。
    4.during that time she covered a distance of eight miles. 在那段時(shí)間里,她游了8英里。
    (1)that time指上句話中提到的the whole night。
    (2)cover可以籠統(tǒng)地表示"行過(一段路程)",根據(jù)上下文可具體譯為"走過"、"飛過"、"游過"等:
    the bird covered the distance in three minutes.這只鳥用3分鐘飛完了全程。
    (3)
    表示具體的距離可以用"a distance of+ 具體長度"這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)。
    5.high up on the cliffs,在高高的峭壁上。
    up為形容詞,
    表示"在上面的"、"高高的"、"在較高處的",high為副詞,修飾up。
    6.on arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towardsthe light she had seen.到達(dá)岸邊后,姑娘朝著她看到的燈光方向掙扎著往峭壁上爬去。
    (1)"on+ 動名詞"相當(dāng)于 as soon as或 when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句:
    on reaching the airport, he was arrested by the police.他一到機(jī)場就被警察逮捕了。
    (2) she had seen為 the light的定語從句,關(guān)系代詞 that/which省略了。
    (3)up 在此處為介詞,表示"沿著……往上"。
    7.that was all she remembered. 她所記得的就是這些。
    that指前面(從第2句話開始)描述的內(nèi)容。she remembered為all 的定語從句,關(guān)系代詞that(不能用which)被省略了。
    語法 grammar in use
    用于表示方向和目的地的介詞和副詞(也被稱為小品詞)
    (1)表示"上"、"下"
    的兩對小品詞是on和off,up和 down:jim's standing on the roof. i hope he won't fall off.吉姆正站在房頂上。我希望他不會掉下來。
    tom's climbing up the tree. i hope he won't fall down.湯姆正在爬樹。我希望他不要摔下來。
    (2)表示"來"、"去"
    的一對小品詞是from和to;towards的意義與to相近,表示"朝"、"向"、"接近"等; for在有些動詞后面也表示"往"、"向"的意思:
    he came from moscow. he's going to new york.
    他從莫斯科來。他將要去紐約。
    the plane flies from moscow to new york.這架飛機(jī)從莫斯科飛往紐約。
    he went towards the shop quickly.他快速地向商店走去。
    he went for home.他回家了。
    he left/ set out for new york yesterday.他昨天動身去紐約了。
    (3)表示"進(jìn)去"、"出來"
    這兩種方向的介詞為into和out of;表示"在某個(gè)地方"或"在……里面/外面"可用 at,in,out of等;表示目的地或位置往往用at:
    when did you come into the restaurant?你什么時(shí)候進(jìn)的餐館?
    you weren't in the restaurant when i come in.我進(jìn)來的時(shí)候你不在餐館。
    we ran out of the house.我們從屋里跑了出來。
    we arrived in the country on sunday.星期天我們到達(dá)鄉(xiāng)下。(范圍大時(shí)用in)
    we arrived at the station in the evening.晚上我們到達(dá)車站。(范圍小時(shí)用at)
     (4)表示"穿過"、"越過"、"繞過"
    等動作時(shí),往往用 through,across,under,over,round等介詞:
     詞匯學(xué)習(xí) word study
    1.pass與past
    (1)動詞 pass的過去式為 passed,過去分詞為 passed或past。當(dāng)它作及物動詞用時(shí),可以表示"經(jīng)過"、"通過(考試)"或"超過"等,作不及物動詞用時(shí)可以表示"(時(shí)間等)消逝":
    you passed me without even noticing me!你從我身邊經(jīng)過時(shí)居然沒注意到我!
    your sister passed me in her new car, driving at great speed.你姐姐/妹妹開著她的新車從我身旁駛過,開得非???。
    i've passed/ past my french test.我法語考試通過了。
    a month has passed/ past since i left home.我離開家已一個(gè)月了。
    (2)past可以作形容詞、介詞、名詞等。作形容詞時(shí)表示"以前的"、"過去的"等:
    many things happened in the post week.過去的這一周內(nèi)發(fā)生了許多事。
    frank is proud of his past experiences.弗蘭克為自己以往的經(jīng)歷感到自豪。
    作介詞時(shí)它表示"經(jīng)過"或"超出(范圍等)":
    he has just walked past me.他剛從我身邊走過去。
    his words are past my understanding.我不懂他的話。
    作名詞時(shí)它表示"過去"、"昔時(shí)"或"往事"等:
    can you tell me something about your past?您能給我講講您過去的一些事嗎?
    in the past, we used to gather under the town hall clock to welcome the new year.我們過去常聚集在市政廳的大鐘下面迎新年。
    2.next與other
    next表示時(shí)間順序上"緊接的"、"下一個(gè)"。如果以現(xiàn)在為基準(zhǔn),則next前一般不加the;
    如果以過去或?qū)淼哪骋粫r(shí)間為基準(zhǔn),則 next前面要加the或其他修飾詞:
    see you next friday.下個(gè)星期五再見。
    mary phoned the next day to tell us that she couldn't come to the party.第2天瑪麗打來電話告訴我們她不能來參加晚會了。
    the other day指時(shí)間時(shí)可以有a few days ago的意思:
    mary phoned the other day to tell us that she had arrived in london.前幾天瑪麗來電話告訴我們她已到達(dá)倫敦。
    練習(xí)答案 key to written exercises
    1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
    a 1 the girl set out from the coast.
    2 she jumped into the sea.
    3 she swam to the shore.
    b 1 to 2 from/out of 3 (up) to 4 for/ from
    5 from…to/ to…from 6 at 7 to 8 from
    c ( sample answers)
    1 a bird flew into the room.
    2 the parachutist jumped from the aeroplane.
    3 the child pointed at the fat lady.
    4 put the milk in the refrigerator.
    2.難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案
    1 the other day 2 passed 3 next 4 past
    3.多項(xiàng)選擇題答案
    1 d 2 b 3 d 4 a 5 c 6 b
    7 b 8 c 9c 10 c 11a 12 c