2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)理工類(lèi)C級(jí)詞匯選項(xiàng)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)(五)
請(qǐng)?jiān)?4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中找出與加底線的詞或短語(yǔ)意義昀相近的一項(xiàng)。
1. They have been living under the most appalling conditions for two years.
A dreadful B bad C unpleasant D poor
2. I wasn’t qualified for the job really but I got it anyhow.
A besides B anyway C well D anymore
3. He achieved success through hard work.
A reached B reaped C attained D took
4. The standards set four years ago in Seoul will be far below the athletes’ capabilities now.
A capacities B strengths C possibilities D abilities
5. The army should have operated in conjunction with the fleet to raid the enemy’s coast.
A together B in succession C in alliance D in connection
6. His claims seem credible to many people.
A workable B convincing C practical D reliable
7. Jack is a diligent worker. 杰克是一個(gè)勤奮的員工。
A ambitious B lazy C hardworking D clever
8. Society is now much more diverse than ever before.
A colorful B attractive C flexible靈活的 D varied
9. Their interpretation was faulty.
A wrong B ambiguous C unclear D unbelievable
10. These old buildings are gorgeous.
A ridiculous B lovely C magnificent D peculiar
11. Contact your doctor if the cough persists.
12. A insists B perseveres C continues D resists
12. The powers of the European Commission to regulate competition in the Community are increasing. A fight B abolish C remove D control
13. They scattered after dinner.
A separated B fled C departed D spread
14. From my standpoint, you know, this thing is just ridiculous. A position B point of view C knowledge D opinion
15. The story was touching.
A inspiring B boring C moving D frightening
答案：
1. A appalling表示條件之差使人感到吃驚。 dreadful有類(lèi)似的意義。如: My financial situation is dreadful.此句改用 appalling也是可以的。 bad，unpleasant和 poor都可以跟 condition搭配。因此可以說(shuō)： They have been living under bad conditions for two years. They have been living under unpleasant conditions for two years. They have been living under poor conditions for two years.注意：appalling conditions蘊(yùn)涵 bad (或 unpleasant或 poor) conditions.但反向的蘊(yùn)涵是不成立的。用句通俗的話說(shuō)，是 appalling conditions必定是 had (或 unpleasant或 poor) conditions，但是，是 bad (或 unpleasant或 poor) conditions未必都是 appalling conditions。也就是說(shuō)， appalling跟 bad，unpleasant和 poor在意義上存在著明顯的差別。注意：如果用
bad或 poor替也是 appalling，生成的都是錯(cuò)誤的句子。
2. B anyhow的一種意思是：不管其他句子所說(shuō)的，本命題為真?？梢钥闯觯撛~用在該句中非常合適，因?yàn)?I wasn’t qualified for the job really是“不管其他句子所說(shuō)的”， I got it 這個(gè)命題是真的。又如： I am coming anyhow, no matter what others say.其中的 no matter what others say是說(shuō)：不管其他人怎么說(shuō)。 I am coming這個(gè)命題是真的。 anyway在絕大多數(shù)情況中表達(dá)的意義跟 anyhow都相同，因而二者可替換。 anyhow有一種意思是后面所說(shuō)的支持前面所說(shuō)的，在這一種意思上，它等于 besides。Mother certainly won’t let him stay with her and anyhow he wouldn’t. 此處的 anyhow可由 besides替換。但練習(xí)題中的 anyhow不是這個(gè)意思。 anyhow也可用來(lái)結(jié)束會(huì)話，這也是 well的一個(gè)功能。如 : Anyhow, thanks a lot. Bye-bye. 但練習(xí)題中的 anyhow不是用來(lái)結(jié)束會(huì)話的，因而不能由 well替換。
3. C attain有通過(guò)努力取得了某種東西或達(dá)到某種狀態(tài)的意思。如： He attained the position of minister. They were unable to attain their objectives. achieve的意思是通過(guò)努力取得或達(dá)到某種目標(biāo)，意思跟 attain很接近，因而可由后者替換。 reached也有“達(dá)到”的意思，但它本身并不含“需要通過(guò)努力”，因而它不可替代 achieved。下面舉一個(gè) reach用法的例子 : The process of political change in South Africa has reached the stage where it is irreversible. reap是“收獲，獲得”的意思。 The painting depicted a group of peasants reaping a harvest of fruits and vegetables. You’ll soon begin to reap the benefits of being fitter. take也有“獲得，取得”的意思，但它不能跟 success搭配。
4. D capability:能力，力量。又如： Now we have the capability of defending our country, all thanks to our own efforts. The country has the capability to defeat any aggressor. ability:能力，本領(lǐng)。 From each according to his abilities, to each according to his work. ability和 capability在意義上有相同的一面，因而在一定語(yǔ)境中可以互換?？梢钥闯?ability和 capability在搭配上是有差別的，前者只可跟 to搭配，但后者既可跟 to又可跟 of搭配。二者的形容詞分別是 able和 capable: I ought to be able to live on my salary. She was perfectly capable of taking care of herself. 注意：capable只能跟 of而不能跟 to搭配。不難看出，詞的意義不決定句法結(jié)構(gòu)。 strength:力量;優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 Their military strength has gone down because their air force has proved to be an effective force.此句中的 strength可由 capacity替代而不改變句子的意義。 possibility:可能性。
5. A in conjunction with:與……共同 (或協(xié)力)。together with具有相同的意思，用 together代入后，所生成的也是一個(gè)在語(yǔ)法上正確的句子。 in succession:接連發(fā)生，不跟 with，如： He had missed five dinners. in alliance with:結(jié)盟。They are now in a position to govern the state in alliance with either the Free Democrats or the Green Party. in connection with:與……一起;與……相關(guān)。 13 men were questioned in connection with the murder.
6. B credible:可信的。 convincing:可信的。 That is the least convincing excuse that you could offer. convincing可替換 credible而不改變句子的意思。 workable:可行的，行得通的。 Your plan is workable. practical:實(shí)際的，現(xiàn)實(shí)的。 He is weak in practical matters. reliable:靠得住的。 John is a reliable man.
7. C diligent:勤奮的，努力的。 hardworking:勤奮的，努力的。 Jack was hardworking and energetic.
ambitious:雄心勃勃的;有野心的。 Chris is so ambitious, so determined to do it all. lazy:懶惰的。 I was too lazy to read music. clever:聰明的。 She is beautiful and clever.
8. D diverse:多種多樣的;不 |司的。 varied:多種多樣的;不同的。 It is important that your diet is varied and balanced. colorful:多色的;絢麗的。 People in this small town wear colorful clothes. attractive:迷人的;吸引人的。 She is both attractive and intelligent. flexible:靈活的。My schedule is flexible.
9. A faulty:有錯(cuò)誤的;有毛病的。 wrong:有錯(cuò)誤的;有毛病的。 Cheating is always wrong. ambiguous:歧義的;模棱兩可的。This sentence is ambiguous. unclear:不清楚的。His itinerary is still unclear. unbelievable:不可信的。 I find it unbelievable that people can accept this sort of behavior.
10. C gorgeous:好極了;壯麗的。 magnificent:壯麗的;宏偉的。 There is a magnificent country house near the river. ridiculous:可笑的。 It was an absolutely ridiculous decision. lovely:可愛(ài)的;美麗的。 The girl is lovely. peculiar:奇特的;奇怪的。 This house is peculiar in lots of ways.這些詞都可替換，所生成的句子在語(yǔ)法上都是正確的。相比之下， magnificent昀接近 gorgeous。
11. C persist:堅(jiān)持;持續(xù)。 continue:持續(xù)。She continued the work day after day. insist:堅(jiān)持;堅(jiān)持主張。 My family insisted that I should not give in, but stay and fight. persevere:堅(jiān)持。 Despite the failure of his early experiments, the scientist persevered in his research. resist:反抗;頂住。The nation was able to resist the invasion. insist和 persist在意義上并不完全相同。 insist缺乏“持續(xù)”這個(gè)義項(xiàng)。 persevere也缺少“持續(xù)”這個(gè)義項(xiàng)。因此，正確的選擇是， continue?！皥?jiān)持”與“持續(xù)”在意義上似乎很接近，但在語(yǔ)義上的差別是很明顯的?！皥?jiān)持”至少要求有生命的東西做主語(yǔ)。但“持續(xù)”就沒(méi)有這個(gè)要求。
12. D regulate:調(diào)整;控制。 control:控制。She also had a temper, but she controlled it. fight:搏斗;戰(zhàn)斗。 More units to fight forest fires are planned. abolish:廢除。The whole system should be abolished. remove:除去;消除。 Most of her fears have been removed.
13. A scatter:分散;散布;消散。 separate:分散;分離。 We didn’t separate until nightfall. flee:逃走;消失。The robbers tried to flee, but they were caught. depart:離開(kāi);出發(fā)。 We are ready to depart. spread:展開(kāi);散布。 The rumour quickly spread through the village. spread與 scatter有相同的義項(xiàng)—“散布”。但此處只能是“分散”的意思。
14. B standpoint:立場(chǎng);觀點(diǎn)。 point of view:觀點(diǎn);看法。 The novel is shown from the girl’s point of view. position:位置;立場(chǎng)。 The union may shift its position on the question. knowledge:知識(shí)。To my knowledge, he owns three houses, and he may own more. opinion:看法;意見(jiàn)。 In my opinion, this book is the best book on the subject.雖然 position也有“立場(chǎng)”的意思，但不能說(shuō) from my position。同樣地我們也不能說(shuō) from my opinion。
15. C touching:動(dòng)人的;感人的。 moving:動(dòng)人的;感人的。 The beggar told her such a moving story that she almost wept. inspiring:鼓舞人心的。 He made an inspiring speech. boring:令人厭煩的。 Not only are mothers not paid but also most of their boring work is unnoticed. frightening:嚇人的。He gave us a frightening，but believable account of his childhood.