英語資源頻道為大家整理的china daily 雙語新聞：被低估的中國經(jīng)濟，供大家閱讀參考。
作者：羅思義為中國網(wǎng)英文評論欄目專欄作家，前英國倫敦經(jīng)濟與商業(yè)政策署署長，現(xiàn)為中國人民大學重陽金融研究院高級研究員，上海交大訪問教授。
Author: Luo Siyi is Chinese net English commentary column columnist, former British London School of economic and business policy director, senior researcher at the Renmin University of China, the Institute of finance, Professor of Shanghai Jiaotong University access.
中國在世界經(jīng)濟中的地位常被誤導成一個與其經(jīng)濟發(fā)展成就不匹配的地位。在2012年，僅有30%的世界人口生活在人均GDP比中國高的國家，而超過50%的人口生活在人均GDP比中國低的國家。
China's position in the world economy are often misled into one and the achievement of economic development does not match the status. In 2012, only 30% of the world's population lives in countries with high per capita GDP than China, and more than 50% of the population lives in countries with low per capita GDP than china.
因而就經(jīng)濟發(fā)展來看，中國已處于世界的中上游，而不是通常所說的 “中間”位置(中間意味著在其上和其下的人口相等)，更不用說是“窮”國了。事實上，世界絕大多數(shù)人口生活在人均GDP低于中國的國家，高于中國的人只有不到三分之一。
Thus the point of economic development, China is already a world in the upstream, but not usually said "intermediate" position (intermediate means in the overlying and underlying population equal), not to mention the "poor" country. In fact, the vast majority of the world population lives below China's per capita GDP in the country, than the Chinese people only 1/3.
為了避免有人說我的說法過于夸大，我有必要澄清數(shù)據(jù)是用中國常用的現(xiàn)行市場匯率來測算的——盡管西方經(jīng)濟學家首選的是平價購買力計算方法，但這也與結果無顯著差異。
In order to avoid some people said I was too exaggerated, I need to clarify data is used in current market exchange rate China is commonly used to measure -- although western economists is the preferred method for calculating the purchasing power parity, but it has no significant difference with the results.
上圖清楚地展現(xiàn)了中國的進步非凡。在1978年改革開放之初，中國是世界上最貧窮的國家之一——當時只有0.5%的世界人口人均GDP低于中國。但現(xiàn)在形勢逆轉(zhuǎn)，中國人均GDP已超過世界大多數(shù)人口。這是在人類最偉大的一次經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型，在如此短的時間內(nèi)影響到了如此多的人。
This clearly demonstrates the extraordinary progress in china. In 1978 the beginning of reform and opening up, China is one of the poorest countries in the world -- only 0.5% of the world population, per capita GDP is lower than that of china. But now the situation reversed, China's per capita GDP is more than the majority of the world's population. This is an economic transformation in human history the greatest, in such a short period of time to affect so many people.
既然數(shù)據(jù)清楚地顯示，中國的經(jīng)濟地位已在世界靠前一半的位置。但為何中國仍被稱為“中等國家”，更有甚者誤導說，按照國際標準，中國仍然是一個“貧窮”的國家呢？
Since the data clearly show, China's economic status in the world on the top half of the position. But why China is still called "intermediate state", even more misleading, in accordance with international standards, China is still a "poor" countries?
這種初級錯誤常見于收入分配的分析當中。例如，有時會出現(xiàn)如下說法：在國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)發(fā)布的《世界經(jīng)濟展望》數(shù)據(jù)庫中，中國人均GDP在188個國家僅排第94位——所以中國是處于“中游”位置。另一個有時引用的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)例子是，比較中國與世界平均水平——中國2012年人均GDP僅占世界平均人均GDP的59%，這讓中國看起來像一個“貧窮”的國家。
The primary error is common in the analysis of the distribution of income. For example, sometimes appear as follows: in the International Monetary Fund (IMF) released "world economic outlook" database, China's per capita GDP in 188 countries ranked only ninety-fourth -- so China is in the "middle" position. Another example is sometimes cited statistics, comparison of China and the world average per capita in 2012 -- Chinese GDP only accounts for the world average per capita GDP of 59%, which makes China look like a "poor" countries.
按照國家“排名”的方法錯在沒有將人口基數(shù)考慮進去。例如，僅57,000人口的加勒比國家圣基茨和尼維斯人均GDP高于中國；而12.23億人口的印度，其人均GDP則低于中國。說中國人均GDP是處于“兩者之間”，就仿佛代表圣基茨和尼維斯與印度在世界經(jīng)濟中占有同等份量的位置。這純粹是在玩文字游戲，而不是在進行嚴謹?shù)慕?jīng)濟分析。考慮到人口小的發(fā)達經(jīng)濟體數(shù)量眾多，這種初級的統(tǒng)計規(guī)則造成的誤差則更加明顯。因此，計算中國在世界經(jīng)濟中實際相對位置時，必須將人口數(shù)量計算在內(nèi)。
According to the methods of national "ranking" fault in the absence of the population into account. For example, only 57000 of the population of the Caribbean countries per capita GDP is higher than that of Saint Kitts and Nevis China; while the 1223000000 population of India, its per capita GDP was lower than chinese. Said China's per capita GDP is in the "between", as representative of Saint Kitts and Nevis and India share the same weight's position in the world economy. This is purely a play on words, but not in rigorous economic analysis. Considering the number of developed economies population small many, is more obvious error of this statistical rules primary cause. Therefore, calculation of China in the world economy actual relative position, must be included in the calculation of population.
第二個錯誤出現(xiàn)在將中國與“平均”水平相比，且令人驚奇的是這種錯誤仍在繼續(xù)。
Second errors in comparing Chinese and the "average" level, and surprisingly this error continues.
統(tǒng)計學家們知道，從技術上來講，“平均值”受到少量極端值的干擾。在一個國家內(nèi)，少量億萬富翁的收入會極大地提高平均值，從而歪曲了真實情況。
They know that, technically speaking, "average" disturbed by small amounts of extreme value. Within a country, a billionaire income will greatly improve the average value, which distorts the truth.
這種歪曲在國際統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)中更為常見。世界人均GDP，即世界GDP除以世界人口，略超過10000美元一年。但是僅有29.9%的世界人口是高于此平均水平，還有70.1%的世界人口則在此水準之下。只有29.9% 的人高于均值，而70.1%的人低于均值的標準，則不是通常人們眼中的平均水平。
This distorted in the international statistical data is more common. The per capita GDP, namely the world GDP divided by the population of the world, slightly more than $10000 a year. But only 29.9% of the world's population is higher than the average level, and 70.1% of the world's population is on the level. Only 29.9% of people above the average, while 70.1% of the people below average standards, are not usually considered average.
大多數(shù)人理解的平均值，即中間點，不是統(tǒng)計術語中的平均值，而是中位數(shù)。因而，有威望的收入分配研究幾乎都采用中位數(shù)而非平均值，以避免極端值引起的扭曲效應。使用統(tǒng)計學誤導性的平均值而不是中間點，將中國目前人均GDP高于絕大多數(shù)的世界人口的事實，荒唐可笑地轉(zhuǎn)化成了中國仍然是一個貧窮國家的表象！
The average value of most people understand, namely the middle point, the average value is not statistical terms, but the median. Therefore, a study on income distribution of prestige in almost all the median rather than the mean, in order to avoid the distortions caused by extreme value. The average value instead of intermediate points using statistical misleading, will China's per capita GDP is higher than the vast majority of the world's population fact, ridiculously into China is still a poor country representation!
為什么準確地展現(xiàn)中國的發(fā)展水平如此重要？
Why exactly show the development level of China is so important?
首先，制定政策必須以準確的分析為依據(jù)——在討論嚴肅的事件時，樂觀主義亦或悲觀主義都不是美德，只有現(xiàn)實主義才是美德。用一句中國的成語來概括，實事求是才是必要的。
First, policy must be based on accurate analysis as the basis -- in the discussion of serious incidents, optimism or pessimism is not a virtue, only the realism is the virtue. A famous Chinese idiom to sum up, it is necessary to seek truth from facts.
第二，準確地展現(xiàn)中國的發(fā)展水平有助于認清中國面臨的真正挑戰(zhàn)。例如，除馬來西亞外，中國的人均GDP現(xiàn)在高于所有南亞和東南亞的發(fā)展中國家——說明了中國以低工資為競爭策略為什么是行不通的。
Second, to accurately show the development level of China is helpful to recognize the real challenge for china. For example, in addition to Malaysia, China's per capita GDP is higher than all of South and Southeast Asian developing countries -- the Chinese with low wages for why the competition strategy.
第三，中國人均GDP現(xiàn)在處于世界的中上游位置，表明目前中國經(jīng)濟技術水平是由中等而非低等技術主導。
Third, China's per capita GDP is now in the upper position of the world, indicates that the current Chinese economic and technological level is dominated by the middle rather than low technology.
中國的真實發(fā)展水平會危及到其被國際認定的“發(fā)展中國家”身份嗎？不會。世界銀行還沒有更新“發(fā)達經(jīng)濟體”人均GDP的標準。但根據(jù)2011年的標準，“高收入”經(jīng)濟體年均人均GDP必須略過12000美元。只有16%的世界人口生活在這樣的經(jīng)濟體。中國還需要10-15年的時間才可以進入“高收入”國家行列——雖然到那時，生活在這樣的經(jīng)濟體中的人口數(shù)量將增加一倍以上。
China's development will endanger the international recognition as a "developing country"? Not. The world bank has not updated "developed economies" per capita GDP standard. But according to the standards of 2011, "high income" economies annual per capita GDP must be over 12000 dollars. Only 16% of the world's population lives in such economies. China also needs 10-15 years before they can enter the "high income countries" -- although at that time, the number of people living in such an economy will more than double.
實現(xiàn)“中國夢”需要準確地了解中國目前的現(xiàn)實。中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平現(xiàn)在已達到了世界中上游水平。僅有30%的世界人口居住在人均GDP高于中國的國家，這是對中國在世界經(jīng)濟中相對應位置的準確分析。實現(xiàn)“中國夢”不僅需要杜絕任何浮夸，也需要摒棄任何系統(tǒng)性的低估。
The realization of "Chinese dream" needs to accurately understand the current reality of china. China's economic development has now reached the upper level in the world. Only 30% of the world population living higher than China's per capita GDP in the country, this is to accurately analyze the corresponding to the position of China in the world economy. The realization of "Chinese dream" not only need to eliminate any coxcombical, also need to abandon any systematic underestimation.
作者：羅思義為中國網(wǎng)英文評論欄目專欄作家，前英國倫敦經(jīng)濟與商業(yè)政策署署長，現(xiàn)為中國人民大學重陽金融研究院高級研究員，上海交大訪問教授。
Author: Luo Siyi is Chinese net English commentary column columnist, former British London School of economic and business policy director, senior researcher at the Renmin University of China, the Institute of finance, Professor of Shanghai Jiaotong University access.
中國在世界經(jīng)濟中的地位常被誤導成一個與其經(jīng)濟發(fā)展成就不匹配的地位。在2012年，僅有30%的世界人口生活在人均GDP比中國高的國家，而超過50%的人口生活在人均GDP比中國低的國家。
China's position in the world economy are often misled into one and the achievement of economic development does not match the status. In 2012, only 30% of the world's population lives in countries with high per capita GDP than China, and more than 50% of the population lives in countries with low per capita GDP than china.
因而就經(jīng)濟發(fā)展來看，中國已處于世界的中上游，而不是通常所說的 “中間”位置(中間意味著在其上和其下的人口相等)，更不用說是“窮”國了。事實上，世界絕大多數(shù)人口生活在人均GDP低于中國的國家，高于中國的人只有不到三分之一。
Thus the point of economic development, China is already a world in the upstream, but not usually said "intermediate" position (intermediate means in the overlying and underlying population equal), not to mention the "poor" country. In fact, the vast majority of the world population lives below China's per capita GDP in the country, than the Chinese people only 1/3.
為了避免有人說我的說法過于夸大，我有必要澄清數(shù)據(jù)是用中國常用的現(xiàn)行市場匯率來測算的——盡管西方經(jīng)濟學家首選的是平價購買力計算方法，但這也與結果無顯著差異。
In order to avoid some people said I was too exaggerated, I need to clarify data is used in current market exchange rate China is commonly used to measure -- although western economists is the preferred method for calculating the purchasing power parity, but it has no significant difference with the results.
上圖清楚地展現(xiàn)了中國的進步非凡。在1978年改革開放之初，中國是世界上最貧窮的國家之一——當時只有0.5%的世界人口人均GDP低于中國。但現(xiàn)在形勢逆轉(zhuǎn)，中國人均GDP已超過世界大多數(shù)人口。這是在人類最偉大的一次經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型，在如此短的時間內(nèi)影響到了如此多的人。
This clearly demonstrates the extraordinary progress in china. In 1978 the beginning of reform and opening up, China is one of the poorest countries in the world -- only 0.5% of the world population, per capita GDP is lower than that of china. But now the situation reversed, China's per capita GDP is more than the majority of the world's population. This is an economic transformation in human history the greatest, in such a short period of time to affect so many people.
既然數(shù)據(jù)清楚地顯示，中國的經(jīng)濟地位已在世界靠前一半的位置。但為何中國仍被稱為“中等國家”，更有甚者誤導說，按照國際標準，中國仍然是一個“貧窮”的國家呢？
Since the data clearly show, China's economic status in the world on the top half of the position. But why China is still called "intermediate state", even more misleading, in accordance with international standards, China is still a "poor" countries?
這種初級錯誤常見于收入分配的分析當中。例如，有時會出現(xiàn)如下說法：在國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)發(fā)布的《世界經(jīng)濟展望》數(shù)據(jù)庫中，中國人均GDP在188個國家僅排第94位——所以中國是處于“中游”位置。另一個有時引用的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)例子是，比較中國與世界平均水平——中國2012年人均GDP僅占世界平均人均GDP的59%，這讓中國看起來像一個“貧窮”的國家。
The primary error is common in the analysis of the distribution of income. For example, sometimes appear as follows: in the International Monetary Fund (IMF) released "world economic outlook" database, China's per capita GDP in 188 countries ranked only ninety-fourth -- so China is in the "middle" position. Another example is sometimes cited statistics, comparison of China and the world average per capita in 2012 -- Chinese GDP only accounts for the world average per capita GDP of 59%, which makes China look like a "poor" countries.
按照國家“排名”的方法錯在沒有將人口基數(shù)考慮進去。例如，僅57,000人口的加勒比國家圣基茨和尼維斯人均GDP高于中國；而12.23億人口的印度，其人均GDP則低于中國。說中國人均GDP是處于“兩者之間”，就仿佛代表圣基茨和尼維斯與印度在世界經(jīng)濟中占有同等份量的位置。這純粹是在玩文字游戲，而不是在進行嚴謹?shù)慕?jīng)濟分析。考慮到人口小的發(fā)達經(jīng)濟體數(shù)量眾多，這種初級的統(tǒng)計規(guī)則造成的誤差則更加明顯。因此，計算中國在世界經(jīng)濟中實際相對位置時，必須將人口數(shù)量計算在內(nèi)。
According to the methods of national "ranking" fault in the absence of the population into account. For example, only 57000 of the population of the Caribbean countries per capita GDP is higher than that of Saint Kitts and Nevis China; while the 1223000000 population of India, its per capita GDP was lower than chinese. Said China's per capita GDP is in the "between", as representative of Saint Kitts and Nevis and India share the same weight's position in the world economy. This is purely a play on words, but not in rigorous economic analysis. Considering the number of developed economies population small many, is more obvious error of this statistical rules primary cause. Therefore, calculation of China in the world economy actual relative position, must be included in the calculation of population.
第二個錯誤出現(xiàn)在將中國與“平均”水平相比，且令人驚奇的是這種錯誤仍在繼續(xù)。
Second errors in comparing Chinese and the "average" level, and surprisingly this error continues.
統(tǒng)計學家們知道，從技術上來講，“平均值”受到少量極端值的干擾。在一個國家內(nèi)，少量億萬富翁的收入會極大地提高平均值，從而歪曲了真實情況。
They know that, technically speaking, "average" disturbed by small amounts of extreme value. Within a country, a billionaire income will greatly improve the average value, which distorts the truth.
這種歪曲在國際統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)中更為常見。世界人均GDP，即世界GDP除以世界人口，略超過10000美元一年。但是僅有29.9%的世界人口是高于此平均水平，還有70.1%的世界人口則在此水準之下。只有29.9% 的人高于均值，而70.1%的人低于均值的標準，則不是通常人們眼中的平均水平。
This distorted in the international statistical data is more common. The per capita GDP, namely the world GDP divided by the population of the world, slightly more than $10000 a year. But only 29.9% of the world's population is higher than the average level, and 70.1% of the world's population is on the level. Only 29.9% of people above the average, while 70.1% of the people below average standards, are not usually considered average.
大多數(shù)人理解的平均值，即中間點，不是統(tǒng)計術語中的平均值，而是中位數(shù)。因而，有威望的收入分配研究幾乎都采用中位數(shù)而非平均值，以避免極端值引起的扭曲效應。使用統(tǒng)計學誤導性的平均值而不是中間點，將中國目前人均GDP高于絕大多數(shù)的世界人口的事實，荒唐可笑地轉(zhuǎn)化成了中國仍然是一個貧窮國家的表象！
The average value of most people understand, namely the middle point, the average value is not statistical terms, but the median. Therefore, a study on income distribution of prestige in almost all the median rather than the mean, in order to avoid the distortions caused by extreme value. The average value instead of intermediate points using statistical misleading, will China's per capita GDP is higher than the vast majority of the world's population fact, ridiculously into China is still a poor country representation!
為什么準確地展現(xiàn)中國的發(fā)展水平如此重要？
Why exactly show the development level of China is so important?
首先，制定政策必須以準確的分析為依據(jù)——在討論嚴肅的事件時，樂觀主義亦或悲觀主義都不是美德，只有現(xiàn)實主義才是美德。用一句中國的成語來概括，實事求是才是必要的。
First, policy must be based on accurate analysis as the basis -- in the discussion of serious incidents, optimism or pessimism is not a virtue, only the realism is the virtue. A famous Chinese idiom to sum up, it is necessary to seek truth from facts.
第二，準確地展現(xiàn)中國的發(fā)展水平有助于認清中國面臨的真正挑戰(zhàn)。例如，除馬來西亞外，中國的人均GDP現(xiàn)在高于所有南亞和東南亞的發(fā)展中國家——說明了中國以低工資為競爭策略為什么是行不通的。
Second, to accurately show the development level of China is helpful to recognize the real challenge for china. For example, in addition to Malaysia, China's per capita GDP is higher than all of South and Southeast Asian developing countries -- the Chinese with low wages for why the competition strategy.
第三，中國人均GDP現(xiàn)在處于世界的中上游位置，表明目前中國經(jīng)濟技術水平是由中等而非低等技術主導。
Third, China's per capita GDP is now in the upper position of the world, indicates that the current Chinese economic and technological level is dominated by the middle rather than low technology.
中國的真實發(fā)展水平會危及到其被國際認定的“發(fā)展中國家”身份嗎？不會。世界銀行還沒有更新“發(fā)達經(jīng)濟體”人均GDP的標準。但根據(jù)2011年的標準，“高收入”經(jīng)濟體年均人均GDP必須略過12000美元。只有16%的世界人口生活在這樣的經(jīng)濟體。中國還需要10-15年的時間才可以進入“高收入”國家行列——雖然到那時，生活在這樣的經(jīng)濟體中的人口數(shù)量將增加一倍以上。
China's development will endanger the international recognition as a "developing country"? Not. The world bank has not updated "developed economies" per capita GDP standard. But according to the standards of 2011, "high income" economies annual per capita GDP must be over 12000 dollars. Only 16% of the world's population lives in such economies. China also needs 10-15 years before they can enter the "high income countries" -- although at that time, the number of people living in such an economy will more than double.
實現(xiàn)“中國夢”需要準確地了解中國目前的現(xiàn)實。中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平現(xiàn)在已達到了世界中上游水平。僅有30%的世界人口居住在人均GDP高于中國的國家，這是對中國在世界經(jīng)濟中相對應位置的準確分析。實現(xiàn)“中國夢”不僅需要杜絕任何浮夸，也需要摒棄任何系統(tǒng)性的低估。
The realization of "Chinese dream" needs to accurately understand the current reality of china. China's economic development has now reached the upper level in the world. Only 30% of the world population living higher than China's per capita GDP in the country, this is to accurately analyze the corresponding to the position of China in the world economy. The realization of "Chinese dream" not only need to eliminate any coxcombical, also need to abandon any systematic underestimation.