Passage1：
Today， supermarkets are found in almost every large city in the world. But the first supermarket was opened only fifty years ago. It was opened in New York by a man named Michael Cullen.
A supermarket is different from other types of stores in several ways. In supermarkets， goods are placed on open shelves. The customers choose what they want and take them to the check-out counter. This means that fewer employees are required than in other stores.
The way products are displayed is another difference between supermarkets and many other types of stores. For example， in supermarkets， there is usually a display of small inexpensive items just in front of the check-out counter： candies， chocolate， magazines， cheap books and so on， why are they there？
Most customers who go to a supermarket buy from a shopping list. They know exactly what they need to buy. They shop according to a plan. By the time he or she reaches the check-out counter， the customer is feeling pleaded and relaxed because the task of shopping is finished. In this happy mood， the customer sees an attractive display of inexpensive goods that were not on her shopping list. Now she feels like buying something just for her own pleasure and enjoyment. Many customers buy from these displays of products near the check-out counter， and this is exactly what the owner of the supermarket hopes they will do.
Another important fact in helping a customer choose what to buy， is where a product is placed on a shelf. A product that is placed at eyelevel on a shelf sells much better than one which is placed on a lower or higher shelf. A product which is easy to see sells best. Manufacturers pay a higher price to have their products placed at eye level on the shelves.
The comfort and convenience of shopping centers is another factor which makes them popular with customers. Large parking spaces are provided， and many supermarkets stay open until very late at night.
1. According to the passage which statement is NOT true？
A） Today supermarkets are found in almost every big city.
B） The first supermarket was opened only half a century ago.
C） The first supermarket was opened in New York.
D） A supermarket is different from other kinds of stores in two ways
答案： D
解析： 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容知道A、B和C都是正確的，另外第2段的第一句中several ways和下面文章的內(nèi)容也都可以知道不僅僅是兩個(gè)方式。
2. According to the passage which statement is true/
A） Supermarkets need more clerks than other stores.
B） In supermarkets goods are placed on closed shelves.
C） The customers prefer supermarkets to other kinds of stores.
D） The customers pay any clerk they meet for what they have bought in supermarkets
答案： C
解析： A 正好和作者的意思相反了，B也是，應(yīng)該是opened才是正確的。D中不是直接向?qū)з?gòu)付費(fèi)。
3. A product that is placed ___ sells best.
A） on a lower shelf B） on a higher shelf
C） as high as one‘s waist D） as high as one’s eyes
答案： D
解析： 細(xì)節(jié)題。文章中的A product that is placed at eyelevel on a shelf sells much better than one which is placed on a lower or higher shelf可以知道正確的答案，
4. Why do you think shopping centers attract more customers than other kinds of stores/
A） They have more kinds of goods.
B） They have few employees.
C） They display small inexpensive items in front of check-out counters.
D） They have large parking lots and they stay open until almost midnight.
答案： D
解析： 細(xì)節(jié)題。文章的后一段是說(shuō)明超市比較起其它的商店優(yōu)點(diǎn)。也是受大家喜歡的原因。
5. According to the way small inexpensive items are displayed we can infer that the owner of a supermarket has a good knowledge of ___
A） physiology B） psychology C） biology D） biophysics
答案： B
解析： A是生理的意思，B是心理，C是生物D是生物物理原理，推論對(duì)消費(fèi)者的促銷只有依據(jù)消費(fèi)者的心里才能做出正確的經(jīng)營(yíng)決策。 Passage 2：
Most of the ill health we suffer could be prevented if people made more effort to change their life styles. Instead， many people continue to smoke， to drink excessively to eat unbalanced diets. How can governments help people protect their health and avoid premature death？
Well， many of the measures which need not be expensive. One of the first preventive health measures should be an increase in taxes on tobacco to the point at which consumption falls off. The aim should be to raise the same amount of revenue from a decreasing number of people. In the short term such a policy could even raise extra money， which could then be spent on subsidizing sport so that advertising tobacco through sports sponsorship could be banned.
Legislation is badly needed to ban all advertising of tobacco products as it persuades people to smoke more and so is in a larger part responsible for the ill health and thousands of premature deaths caused by cancer of the lung. Other measures should be enforced， such as a much tougher health warning on cigarette packets， and tobacco companies should be made to contribute to research into a cure for lung cancer.
Alcoholism could be prevented by making wines， spirits and strong beers more expensive and the revenue raised could be used to set up clinics to help the people who already have a drinking problem and want to give up. Similarly all advertising of alcohol should be banned and compensation paid to families of alcoholics who die of the liver disease.
6. Among the following statements， which one is not the life style that people should make more effort to change in order to suffer less？
A） stop smoking B） drink less C） eat balanced food D） collect stamps
答案： D
解析： 一段中都已經(jīng)提到了吸煙和飲食，就是沒(méi)有涉及到收集郵票的形式，所以不選D這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。
7. What does “revenue” in the second paragraph mean？
A） the general income of a government
B） pocket money
C） broad street with trees on both sides
D） building built in memory of somebody or some event
答案： A
解析： revenue是稅收的含義，第2段的第2句主要介紹了利用稅收的方式來(lái)規(guī)范人們的行為。其它的選項(xiàng)不符合文章的要求。
8. Which of the following answers is wrong as to the result of new legislation on tobacco？
A） In a short term， the new legislation on tobacco？
B） Then， the money can stop tobacco sponsorship with sports.
C） In the long run， the new legislation will cause tobacco consumption to fall.
D） But in the long run， the new legislation may raise the falling number of smokers again
答案： D
解析： 第3段陳述了集中方法，法律收入和警告的形式，前三項(xiàng)都沒(méi)有問(wèn)題的，D錯(cuò)在無(wú)中生有new legislation作者沒(méi)有提到。
9. Choose the one measure that the writer wants to carry out against both tobacco and alcohol companies.
A） higher taxes B） lower prices C） advertising banned D） tougher warning
答案： C
解析： 推論題。后一段的后一句是作者的建議，別出心裁其它的幾項(xiàng)是說(shuō)明常見(jiàn)和常用的方法，C是作者的建議。
10. How is the writer‘s attitude towards tobacco and alcohol？
A） positive B） slightly negative C） strongly opposing them D） objective
答案： C
解析： 判斷作者態(tài)度題。A是支持的意思，B、D分別是“有點(diǎn)反對(duì)、客觀的含義”C是明顯的反對(duì)的意思，符合作者的觀點(diǎn)。 Passage 3：
In America Mother‘s Day is celebrated on the second Sunday in May. On that day we send our mothers a special Mother’s Day card， and perhaps some flowers or candy， to show our love and appreciation for all they have done for us. Although Mother‘s Day is a relatively new holiday in America， more and more other countries are also setting aside a day to honor their mothers.
I want to tell you today how the idea of having a special day for mothers began. It all started over a hundred years ago with a woman named Anna May Jarvis.
Anna was born on May 1， 1864， just before the end of the Civil War and the assassination of President Lincoln. She was the daughter of a “minister”， which in American English means a church leader. She was a quiet girl who liked to study in school， but she liked everyone and was liked by everyone as well.
After she became an adult， Anna worked for a life insurance company in Philadelphia， Pennsylvania-a city about halfway between New York City and Washington， D.C. then， in 1906， just two weeks after Anna‘s 42nd birthday， her mother died. It was the second Sunday in May.
In the months that followed， Anna began to change. No longer was she so gentle， so relaxed and easy-going. Instead she now had just one goal for her life-to have her mother and all other mothers honored throughout the whole world on the second Sunday of May.
After more than a year of careful planning， Anna arranged the first Mother‘s Day church service， on May 10， 1908， in Grafton， West Virginia. The next year Anna was able to get the city of Philadelphia， where she lived and worked， to proclaim the second Sunday of May as an official Mother’s Day-the first city to do so. After three more years， the state of West Virginia， where Anna‘s mother had lived， made Mother’s Day a statewide observance – not a holiday in the normal sense， but still a day to remember what mothers have done for their children and society.
11. Which answer is right about Mother‘s Day？
A） In America， Mother‘s Day is a holiday with a very long history.
B） More and more countries are put aside their tradition of celebrating Mother‘s Day.
C） In America， Mother‘s Day is on the second Sunday in May.
D） Throughout the world， Mother‘s Day is celebrated on the same day.
答案： D
解析： 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可以知道A、B、C是正確的，C錯(cuò)在the same day和文章的意思不一樣，僅僅是說(shuō)其它的國(guó)家抽出一天但是沒(méi)有說(shuō)是在同一天。
12. Choose the right explanation of the word “observance” in the last paragraph
A） remark made by people
B） action in accordance with custom
C） performance of certain tradition
D） notice paid widely
答案： C
解析： C的含義是傳統(tǒng)的履行，實(shí)際上是過(guò)節(jié)日。根據(jù)上下文的含義應(yīng)該是慶祝母親節(jié)選擇C較合適。
13. How long in all had Anna spent to establish Mother‘s Day in West Virginia？
A） from May 10， 1908 to May 10， 1911
B） for more than four years
C） for more than three years
D） for about three years
答案： B
解析： 細(xì)節(jié)題。這題有一定的推算性，on May 10， 1908然后After three more years可以知道應(yīng)該至少是四年。B是正確的答案。
14. Choose the right understanding of this passage.
A） Anna was born just before the assassination of President Lincoln which ended the Civil War.
B） Anna was a daughter of a minister which in English means a church worker.
C） Anna‘s mother’s death had done a little damage to him easy life.
D） The Mother‘s Day celebrated in West Virginia is not a normal holiday， but a day with special meaning.
答案： D
解析： 細(xì)節(jié)題。后一段的Mother's Day a statewide observance – not a holiday in the normal sense， but still a day to remember what mothers have done for their children and society.可以知道答案。
15. According to the passage， what most probably happened in the paragraph following？
A） The United States Congress proclaimed the Second in May as Mother‘s Day forever in the United States.
B） Mother‘s Day gradually became a conventional celebration.
C） Anna retired from her job with a fortune of over a hundred thousand dollars.
D） People stopped buying candy to their mothers.
答案： B
解析： 文義推論題。本文的作者主要是說(shuō)母親節(jié)的來(lái)歷，到文章的后只是說(shuō)明了這個(gè)節(jié)日的歷史，但尚沒(méi)有說(shuō)出在以后的時(shí)間里漸漸成為一個(gè)conventional（慣常的、慣例的）節(jié)日。 Passage 4：
Many of us believe that a person‘s mind becomes less active as he grows older. But this is not true， according to Dr Jarvik， professor of psychiatry at the University of California. She has studied the mental functioning of aging persons for several years. For example， one of her studies concerns 136 pairs of identical twins， who were first examined when they were already 60 years old. As Dr Jarvik continued the study of the twins into their 70s and 80s， their minds did not generally decline as was expected.
However， there was some decline in their psycho-motor speed. This means that it took them longer to accomplish mental tasks than it used to. But when speed was not a factor， they lost very little intellectual ability over the years. In general， Dr Jarvik‘s studies have shown that there is no decline in knowledge or reasoning ability. This is true not only with those in their 30s and 40s， but with those in their 60s and 70s as well.
It is true that older people themselves often complain that their memory is not as good as it once was. However， much of what we call “l(fā)oss of memory” is not that at all. There usually was incomplete learning in the first place. For example， the older person perhaps had trouble hearing， or poor vision， or inattention， or was trying to learn the new thing at too fast a pace. In the cases where the older person‘s mind really seems to decay， it is not necessarily a sign of decay due to old age. Often it is simply a sign of a depressed emotional state.
16.This passage is mainly about ____.
A） how Dr Jarvik studied mental functioning of the twins.
B） what caused mental decay.
C） the results evidenced by Dr Jarvik‘s studies.
D） the difference between middle – aged and older persons
答案： C
解析： 大意題。本文主要向讀者傳達(dá)了人的記憶和分析能力不是隨著年齡的增大而消退，主要是通過(guò)。Dr Jarvik的研究成果來(lái)顯示的。其它選項(xiàng)不是文章的主旨意思。
17. The word “psychiatry” in paragraph 1 most probably means ____.
A） the study of human behavior.
B） the study of disease of the mind.
C） the study of problems with aging persons.
D） the study of twins growth.
答案： B
解析： 大意題。同上題的解釋。主要的是disease of the mind和年齡的區(qū)別。
18. A long – term study of 136 pairs of twins showed that ____.
A） they lost a little ability to reason over the years.
B） the only factor which declined over the years was their speed with which to perform mental tasks.
C） their memory was not as good as it had once been.
D） their minds became is not considered as they grew older.
答案： B
解析： 細(xì)節(jié)和推論。文章的第一段后一句和第２段的前兩句都是說(shuō)明這樣的一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)說(shuō)明研究結(jié)果。即，僅僅和速度有關(guān)系，課文的下面部分也相應(yīng)作了解釋。
19. Which of the following is not considered as an instanced of “incomplete learning”？
A） Poor hearing.
B） Bad eyesight.
C） Lack of attention.
D） The attempt to learn too many new things at the same time
答案： D
解析：后一句的中間部分For example， the older person perhaps had trouble hearing， or poor vision， or inattention， or was trying to learn the new thing at too fast a pace沒(méi)有提到Ｄ項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容。Ｄ項(xiàng)僅僅說(shuō)的是心理原因造成的結(jié)果。
20. What we call mental decay is usually a sign of ____.
A） a low – spirited state.
B） a worsening state of health.
C） old age.
D） nervous tension
答案： A
解析： 細(xì)節(jié)題。文章的后兩句都是說(shuō)明這個(gè)問(wèn)題a sign of a depressed emotional state是說(shuō)明的mental因素。 Passage 5：
Leaving a tip in a restaurant has become a custom in most countries. The word “tip” came from the Latin word “Gratis”， meaning free. Tips are defined as small gifts of money for service in addition to the payment due.
Believe it or not， the practice of tipping has a little interesting history. The custom can be traced back to the Roman era. The Romans were the first civilization to use coins. It is possible that the word “tip” came from the word stipend. Strips in Latin means gift. A more common belief is tips were first given in the 18th century England. A popular coffee house equipped each table with a coin box. The label of each box read： “To insure promptness.” Dropping a coin into the box would result in quick service. Also， the first letter of each word is T.I.P. – tip.
In America and Europe it is customary to tip anywhere from 10% to 20%. Taxi drivers， waiters in restaurants， waitresses in lounges， hotel boys， doormen， and disco coat check girls， all expect a little something. People working at these jobs usually receive a low basic salary. Tips are quite necessary to supplement their income. Today most people decide the size of tip according to the quality of the service. If the service is good ，most people are quite happy to leave a tip.
The world is full of big spenders and people who act like big spenders. Surprisingly， rich people are not “big tippers” unless entertaining guests. It is no use showing off if nobody is there to watch， right？ Many throw money around like water to impress a group of friends out for an evening “on the town”。 People who usually cannot afford it are the biggest tippers in front of their friends. It is all part of the show to prove a certain level of social success. Nobody wants to look cheap， stingy， or poor in front of their friends. Over-tipping also gives some satisfaction just to see the waiter‘s reaction.
For whatever reason， tipping will continue to be practiced in most countries. Tipping does have its place in our modern society. It will also remain a somewhat personal expression of gratitude.
21. What is the meaning of the word “gratis” according to the passage？
A） free of obligation B） free of charge C） plenty in time D） free from tax
答案：A
解析：B是免于起訴C是充足的時(shí)間D是免于征稅，A是責(zé)任義務(wù)的免除。根據(jù)文章對(duì)消費(fèi)的介紹選擇A相比較妥帖。
22. When were tips first given in England
A） in the 17th century B） in the 18th century
C） in the 19th century D） in the 20th century
答案： B
解析： 細(xì)節(jié)題，第2段的第四句中A more common belief is tips were first given in the 18th century England其它的選項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的
23. Which of the following statements is true？
A） Most people think that tips originated in England.
B） Most people think that tips originated in Rome
C） Today most people decide the size of tips according to their mood.
D） According to the author， the practice of tipping does not have an interesting history
答案： A
解析： 推論題。第2段的。2句是說(shuō)這個(gè)習(xí)慣追溯到羅馬但是大家普遍認(rèn)為的是在英國(guó)，理由同上。
24. How to understand the sentence “The world is full of big spenders and people who act like big spenders.”？
A） All people in the world have a lot of money.
B） No one in the world has a lot of money.
C） Many people spend a large sum of money every day.
D） The number of people who either have a lot of money or who pretend to be rich is great.
答案： D
解析： A、B明顯是錯(cuò)誤的！C和文章沒(méi)有聯(lián)系，主要是說(shuō)一些有錢的和貌似有錢的人在消費(fèi)上面的表現(xiàn)。C不能體現(xiàn)出該要表達(dá)的含義。
25. Why are people who cannot afford tipping the biggest tippers in front of their friends？
A） Because they have a lot of money.
B） Because they sympathize with taxi drivers， waiters in restaurants， waitresses in lounges and disco coat check girls， etc.
C） Because of their vanity.
D） None of the above.
答案： C
解析： vanity是虛榮奢華的含義，后2段主要說(shuō)。 It is all part of the show to prove a certain level of social success. Nobody wants to look cheap， stingy， or poor in front of their friends是說(shuō)沒(méi)有錢人的虛榮！C應(yīng)該是合適的答案。 Passage 6：
The current generation of parents must， in many cases， balance care of children with care for their own aging parents. It is estimated that women can now expect their mothers to live 55 years after their own birth and 30 to 40 years after the birth of their first child， many analysts suggest that this added pressure disproportionately touches the women， who already carry major responsibility for their own children.
Perhaps the most important issue that emerges from the social trends just described is the impact of family instability and single parenting on children. Some argue that single-parent families are a deficient form of family functioning. Others see them as a courageous， desirable alternative to unhappy two-parent families.
On average， kids fare better in two-parent families. But a sizable percentage of children in single parent families thrive， and many in two-parent families do not， what matters most – regardless of family structure – is what happens within the family.
Particularly important is the family‘s ability to support and nurture， minimize conflict， practice democratic decision making， provide consistent and positive forms of discipline and mode， and encourage values of caring and responsibility. Families should also provide access to structured activities （e.g.church participations， clubs， organizations， lessons） and a stimulating environment for learning （including parental involvement in schooling）。 While it is somewhat easier to deliver these in two-parent families， some single-parent families do succeed by drawing on informal and formal support systems from neighborhoods， schools， and churches.
26. The current generation of parents shoulder a heavy pressure ___.
A. since they carry major responsibility for their own children.
B. because in many cades they must balance care of children with care for their own aging parents.
C. they must burren lots of work in family.
D. because they hardly obtain any help from others
答案： Ｂ
解析： 細(xì)節(jié)題。文章的第一段第一句就是該題的答案，主要說(shuō)作為母親在家庭里面在孩子和對(duì)他們的老父母之間的權(quán)衡利弊。
27. Perhaps the most important issue that emerges from the social trends is ___.
A. the deficiency of single-parent families.
B. whether single-parent families can be regarded as a courageous， desirable alternative to unhappy two-parent families.
C. the impact of family instability and single parenting on children.
D. the poverty of the single-parent families.
答案： C
解析： 細(xì)節(jié)題。第２段的第一句就是這題的答案，要大家對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)仔細(xì)的把握，該句的意思是說(shuō)：當(dāng)今社會(huì)出現(xiàn)的家庭的不穩(wěn)定性的單身家庭的出現(xiàn)對(duì)孩子這代的嚴(yán)重沖擊。
28. On average， kids fare better in two-parent families， while ___.
A. many of them are not so obedient.
B. a sizable percentage of children in single-parent families thrive.
C. what happens within the family really matters.
D. children in single-parent families are not well fed.
答案： B
解析： 細(xì)節(jié)題。第２段的后兩句，意思是說(shuō)在也有一定比例的單身家庭里面的孩子，生活學(xué)習(xí)也有進(jìn)步。
29. All the following statements are mentioned as the important family abilities EXCEPT ___.
A. try to avoid the conflict.
B. decisions are always made democratically.
C. encourage the qualities of caring and responsibility.
D. make sure to monitor the fulfillment of each one‘s duty.
答案： D
解析：?。牡囊馑际钦f(shuō)務(wù)必監(jiān)視每個(gè)人的責(zé)任的履行。后一段的第一句分別提到了Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容。只有第４項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容沒(méi)有涉及。
30. In what way can the single-parent families succeed in participating in the structured activities？
A. By providing access to church participation， clubs， etc.
B. By drawing on support systems from various kinds of organizations.
C. By taking part in parental involvement in schooling.
D. By following the two-parent families
答案： Ｂ
解析： 細(xì)節(jié)題。在文章的后一句，是說(shuō)利用那些來(lái)自鄰居教堂和社會(huì)正式和非正式的援助 informal and formal support systems from neighborhoods， schools， and churches. Passage 7
Hyperinflation （極度通貨膨脹） is defined as an economic condition during which there is a steep increase in prices. In accordance with the laws of economics， three factors combine to create this condition. First， demand must be much greater than the supply of available goods. Second， the country must continuously create and thereby build up an ever increasing supply of money. Third， the governmental processes that are used to collect taxes must be crippled. Let‘s imagine a country where production is barely accomplishing its goal to keep up with demand. When this happens， the government should decrease the salaries of the workers by raising taxes. But the government is powerless to collect the taxes， so it prints more money to compensate for（補(bǔ)償）the goods it must purchase. This new money goes to the workers who produced the goods： as a result， the people are not forced to give up certain things for a while – they actually become richer. While this might appear to be a positive step， it is actually regressive. Every month the government is forced to print more and more money， thereby increasing its liabilities （債務(wù)） until it is destroyed. The only way to prevent total economic collapse in such a situation is for the government to increase taxes in a manner that is characterized by impartiality （公正） to everyone involved.
大意：主要是說(shuō)明了經(jīng)濟(jì)的的宏觀調(diào)控政策比如：調(diào)控市場(chǎng)供求關(guān)系。或是貨幣的發(fā)行來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)市場(chǎng)。
31. Which of the following might occur during hyperinflation？
A. A slight increase in prices.
B. Rapid growth of economy.
C. Decrease of workers‘ salary.
D. Soaring prices.
答案：?。?BR> 解析： 細(xì)節(jié)題。文章的第一段的第１句increase in prices是物價(jià)飛漲的意思Soaring prices的意思和這是一樣的。
32. The author states that during hyperinflation ___.
A. goods appear to be overabundant.
B. the country has to supply more money.
C. government may become richer by collecting more taxes.
D. people are forced to give up certain things
答案：?。?BR> 解析： 細(xì)節(jié)題。問(wèn)題是通貨膨脹的時(shí)候應(yīng)該用什么樣的貨幣政策，Second， the country must continuously create and thereby build up an ever increasing supply of money可以知道這道題的答案。
33. The passage implies that ___.
A. hyperinflation is just a passing phase in the economic development.
B. people could benefit a lot from hyperinflation.
C. hyperinflation is used by a government to raise taxes.
D. hyperinflation may cause the downfall of a government.
答案：?。?BR> 解析： 推論題。文章的第７句可以知道，當(dāng)出現(xiàn)通貨膨脹時(shí)候在稅收和商品的補(bǔ)償上政府要付出一定的代價(jià)。因而一定產(chǎn)生downfall下降的效應(yīng)。
34. The word “regressive” probably means ___.
A. harmful. B. negative. C. going back. D. progressive
答案：?。?BR> 解析： Ａ是有害的Ｃ是倒退，Ｄ是進(jìn)程的意思，Ｂ是否定的、反作用的意思，While this might appear to be a positive step， it is actually regressive.另外這是個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折句關(guān)系，應(yīng)該和positive相反。
Today， supermarkets are found in almost every large city in the world. But the first supermarket was opened only fifty years ago. It was opened in New York by a man named Michael Cullen.
A supermarket is different from other types of stores in several ways. In supermarkets， goods are placed on open shelves. The customers choose what they want and take them to the check-out counter. This means that fewer employees are required than in other stores.
The way products are displayed is another difference between supermarkets and many other types of stores. For example， in supermarkets， there is usually a display of small inexpensive items just in front of the check-out counter： candies， chocolate， magazines， cheap books and so on， why are they there？
Most customers who go to a supermarket buy from a shopping list. They know exactly what they need to buy. They shop according to a plan. By the time he or she reaches the check-out counter， the customer is feeling pleaded and relaxed because the task of shopping is finished. In this happy mood， the customer sees an attractive display of inexpensive goods that were not on her shopping list. Now she feels like buying something just for her own pleasure and enjoyment. Many customers buy from these displays of products near the check-out counter， and this is exactly what the owner of the supermarket hopes they will do.
Another important fact in helping a customer choose what to buy， is where a product is placed on a shelf. A product that is placed at eyelevel on a shelf sells much better than one which is placed on a lower or higher shelf. A product which is easy to see sells best. Manufacturers pay a higher price to have their products placed at eye level on the shelves.
The comfort and convenience of shopping centers is another factor which makes them popular with customers. Large parking spaces are provided， and many supermarkets stay open until very late at night.
1. According to the passage which statement is NOT true？
A） Today supermarkets are found in almost every big city.
B） The first supermarket was opened only half a century ago.
C） The first supermarket was opened in New York.
D） A supermarket is different from other kinds of stores in two ways
答案： D
解析： 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容知道A、B和C都是正確的，另外第2段的第一句中several ways和下面文章的內(nèi)容也都可以知道不僅僅是兩個(gè)方式。
2. According to the passage which statement is true/
A） Supermarkets need more clerks than other stores.
B） In supermarkets goods are placed on closed shelves.
C） The customers prefer supermarkets to other kinds of stores.
D） The customers pay any clerk they meet for what they have bought in supermarkets
答案： C
解析： A 正好和作者的意思相反了，B也是，應(yīng)該是opened才是正確的。D中不是直接向?qū)з?gòu)付費(fèi)。
3. A product that is placed ___ sells best.
A） on a lower shelf B） on a higher shelf
C） as high as one‘s waist D） as high as one’s eyes
答案： D
解析： 細(xì)節(jié)題。文章中的A product that is placed at eyelevel on a shelf sells much better than one which is placed on a lower or higher shelf可以知道正確的答案，
4. Why do you think shopping centers attract more customers than other kinds of stores/
A） They have more kinds of goods.
B） They have few employees.
C） They display small inexpensive items in front of check-out counters.
D） They have large parking lots and they stay open until almost midnight.
答案： D
解析： 細(xì)節(jié)題。文章的后一段是說(shuō)明超市比較起其它的商店優(yōu)點(diǎn)。也是受大家喜歡的原因。
5. According to the way small inexpensive items are displayed we can infer that the owner of a supermarket has a good knowledge of ___
A） physiology B） psychology C） biology D） biophysics
答案： B
解析： A是生理的意思，B是心理，C是生物D是生物物理原理，推論對(duì)消費(fèi)者的促銷只有依據(jù)消費(fèi)者的心里才能做出正確的經(jīng)營(yíng)決策。 Passage 2：
Most of the ill health we suffer could be prevented if people made more effort to change their life styles. Instead， many people continue to smoke， to drink excessively to eat unbalanced diets. How can governments help people protect their health and avoid premature death？
Well， many of the measures which need not be expensive. One of the first preventive health measures should be an increase in taxes on tobacco to the point at which consumption falls off. The aim should be to raise the same amount of revenue from a decreasing number of people. In the short term such a policy could even raise extra money， which could then be spent on subsidizing sport so that advertising tobacco through sports sponsorship could be banned.
Legislation is badly needed to ban all advertising of tobacco products as it persuades people to smoke more and so is in a larger part responsible for the ill health and thousands of premature deaths caused by cancer of the lung. Other measures should be enforced， such as a much tougher health warning on cigarette packets， and tobacco companies should be made to contribute to research into a cure for lung cancer.
Alcoholism could be prevented by making wines， spirits and strong beers more expensive and the revenue raised could be used to set up clinics to help the people who already have a drinking problem and want to give up. Similarly all advertising of alcohol should be banned and compensation paid to families of alcoholics who die of the liver disease.
6. Among the following statements， which one is not the life style that people should make more effort to change in order to suffer less？
A） stop smoking B） drink less C） eat balanced food D） collect stamps
答案： D
解析： 一段中都已經(jīng)提到了吸煙和飲食，就是沒(méi)有涉及到收集郵票的形式，所以不選D這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。
7. What does “revenue” in the second paragraph mean？
A） the general income of a government
B） pocket money
C） broad street with trees on both sides
D） building built in memory of somebody or some event
答案： A
解析： revenue是稅收的含義，第2段的第2句主要介紹了利用稅收的方式來(lái)規(guī)范人們的行為。其它的選項(xiàng)不符合文章的要求。
8. Which of the following answers is wrong as to the result of new legislation on tobacco？
A） In a short term， the new legislation on tobacco？
B） Then， the money can stop tobacco sponsorship with sports.
C） In the long run， the new legislation will cause tobacco consumption to fall.
D） But in the long run， the new legislation may raise the falling number of smokers again
答案： D
解析： 第3段陳述了集中方法，法律收入和警告的形式，前三項(xiàng)都沒(méi)有問(wèn)題的，D錯(cuò)在無(wú)中生有new legislation作者沒(méi)有提到。
9. Choose the one measure that the writer wants to carry out against both tobacco and alcohol companies.
A） higher taxes B） lower prices C） advertising banned D） tougher warning
答案： C
解析： 推論題。后一段的后一句是作者的建議，別出心裁其它的幾項(xiàng)是說(shuō)明常見(jiàn)和常用的方法，C是作者的建議。
10. How is the writer‘s attitude towards tobacco and alcohol？
A） positive B） slightly negative C） strongly opposing them D） objective
答案： C
解析： 判斷作者態(tài)度題。A是支持的意思，B、D分別是“有點(diǎn)反對(duì)、客觀的含義”C是明顯的反對(duì)的意思，符合作者的觀點(diǎn)。 Passage 3：
In America Mother‘s Day is celebrated on the second Sunday in May. On that day we send our mothers a special Mother’s Day card， and perhaps some flowers or candy， to show our love and appreciation for all they have done for us. Although Mother‘s Day is a relatively new holiday in America， more and more other countries are also setting aside a day to honor their mothers.
I want to tell you today how the idea of having a special day for mothers began. It all started over a hundred years ago with a woman named Anna May Jarvis.
Anna was born on May 1， 1864， just before the end of the Civil War and the assassination of President Lincoln. She was the daughter of a “minister”， which in American English means a church leader. She was a quiet girl who liked to study in school， but she liked everyone and was liked by everyone as well.
After she became an adult， Anna worked for a life insurance company in Philadelphia， Pennsylvania-a city about halfway between New York City and Washington， D.C. then， in 1906， just two weeks after Anna‘s 42nd birthday， her mother died. It was the second Sunday in May.
In the months that followed， Anna began to change. No longer was she so gentle， so relaxed and easy-going. Instead she now had just one goal for her life-to have her mother and all other mothers honored throughout the whole world on the second Sunday of May.
After more than a year of careful planning， Anna arranged the first Mother‘s Day church service， on May 10， 1908， in Grafton， West Virginia. The next year Anna was able to get the city of Philadelphia， where she lived and worked， to proclaim the second Sunday of May as an official Mother’s Day-the first city to do so. After three more years， the state of West Virginia， where Anna‘s mother had lived， made Mother’s Day a statewide observance – not a holiday in the normal sense， but still a day to remember what mothers have done for their children and society.
11. Which answer is right about Mother‘s Day？
A） In America， Mother‘s Day is a holiday with a very long history.
B） More and more countries are put aside their tradition of celebrating Mother‘s Day.
C） In America， Mother‘s Day is on the second Sunday in May.
D） Throughout the world， Mother‘s Day is celebrated on the same day.
答案： D
解析： 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可以知道A、B、C是正確的，C錯(cuò)在the same day和文章的意思不一樣，僅僅是說(shuō)其它的國(guó)家抽出一天但是沒(méi)有說(shuō)是在同一天。
12. Choose the right explanation of the word “observance” in the last paragraph
A） remark made by people
B） action in accordance with custom
C） performance of certain tradition
D） notice paid widely
答案： C
解析： C的含義是傳統(tǒng)的履行，實(shí)際上是過(guò)節(jié)日。根據(jù)上下文的含義應(yīng)該是慶祝母親節(jié)選擇C較合適。
13. How long in all had Anna spent to establish Mother‘s Day in West Virginia？
A） from May 10， 1908 to May 10， 1911
B） for more than four years
C） for more than three years
D） for about three years
答案： B
解析： 細(xì)節(jié)題。這題有一定的推算性，on May 10， 1908然后After three more years可以知道應(yīng)該至少是四年。B是正確的答案。
14. Choose the right understanding of this passage.
A） Anna was born just before the assassination of President Lincoln which ended the Civil War.
B） Anna was a daughter of a minister which in English means a church worker.
C） Anna‘s mother’s death had done a little damage to him easy life.
D） The Mother‘s Day celebrated in West Virginia is not a normal holiday， but a day with special meaning.
答案： D
解析： 細(xì)節(jié)題。后一段的Mother's Day a statewide observance – not a holiday in the normal sense， but still a day to remember what mothers have done for their children and society.可以知道答案。
15. According to the passage， what most probably happened in the paragraph following？
A） The United States Congress proclaimed the Second in May as Mother‘s Day forever in the United States.
B） Mother‘s Day gradually became a conventional celebration.
C） Anna retired from her job with a fortune of over a hundred thousand dollars.
D） People stopped buying candy to their mothers.
答案： B
解析： 文義推論題。本文的作者主要是說(shuō)母親節(jié)的來(lái)歷，到文章的后只是說(shuō)明了這個(gè)節(jié)日的歷史，但尚沒(méi)有說(shuō)出在以后的時(shí)間里漸漸成為一個(gè)conventional（慣常的、慣例的）節(jié)日。 Passage 4：
Many of us believe that a person‘s mind becomes less active as he grows older. But this is not true， according to Dr Jarvik， professor of psychiatry at the University of California. She has studied the mental functioning of aging persons for several years. For example， one of her studies concerns 136 pairs of identical twins， who were first examined when they were already 60 years old. As Dr Jarvik continued the study of the twins into their 70s and 80s， their minds did not generally decline as was expected.
However， there was some decline in their psycho-motor speed. This means that it took them longer to accomplish mental tasks than it used to. But when speed was not a factor， they lost very little intellectual ability over the years. In general， Dr Jarvik‘s studies have shown that there is no decline in knowledge or reasoning ability. This is true not only with those in their 30s and 40s， but with those in their 60s and 70s as well.
It is true that older people themselves often complain that their memory is not as good as it once was. However， much of what we call “l(fā)oss of memory” is not that at all. There usually was incomplete learning in the first place. For example， the older person perhaps had trouble hearing， or poor vision， or inattention， or was trying to learn the new thing at too fast a pace. In the cases where the older person‘s mind really seems to decay， it is not necessarily a sign of decay due to old age. Often it is simply a sign of a depressed emotional state.
16.This passage is mainly about ____.
A） how Dr Jarvik studied mental functioning of the twins.
B） what caused mental decay.
C） the results evidenced by Dr Jarvik‘s studies.
D） the difference between middle – aged and older persons
答案： C
解析： 大意題。本文主要向讀者傳達(dá)了人的記憶和分析能力不是隨著年齡的增大而消退，主要是通過(guò)。Dr Jarvik的研究成果來(lái)顯示的。其它選項(xiàng)不是文章的主旨意思。
17. The word “psychiatry” in paragraph 1 most probably means ____.
A） the study of human behavior.
B） the study of disease of the mind.
C） the study of problems with aging persons.
D） the study of twins growth.
答案： B
解析： 大意題。同上題的解釋。主要的是disease of the mind和年齡的區(qū)別。
18. A long – term study of 136 pairs of twins showed that ____.
A） they lost a little ability to reason over the years.
B） the only factor which declined over the years was their speed with which to perform mental tasks.
C） their memory was not as good as it had once been.
D） their minds became is not considered as they grew older.
答案： B
解析： 細(xì)節(jié)和推論。文章的第一段后一句和第２段的前兩句都是說(shuō)明這樣的一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)說(shuō)明研究結(jié)果。即，僅僅和速度有關(guān)系，課文的下面部分也相應(yīng)作了解釋。
19. Which of the following is not considered as an instanced of “incomplete learning”？
A） Poor hearing.
B） Bad eyesight.
C） Lack of attention.
D） The attempt to learn too many new things at the same time
答案： D
解析：后一句的中間部分For example， the older person perhaps had trouble hearing， or poor vision， or inattention， or was trying to learn the new thing at too fast a pace沒(méi)有提到Ｄ項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容。Ｄ項(xiàng)僅僅說(shuō)的是心理原因造成的結(jié)果。
20. What we call mental decay is usually a sign of ____.
A） a low – spirited state.
B） a worsening state of health.
C） old age.
D） nervous tension
答案： A
解析： 細(xì)節(jié)題。文章的后兩句都是說(shuō)明這個(gè)問(wèn)題a sign of a depressed emotional state是說(shuō)明的mental因素。 Passage 5：
Leaving a tip in a restaurant has become a custom in most countries. The word “tip” came from the Latin word “Gratis”， meaning free. Tips are defined as small gifts of money for service in addition to the payment due.
Believe it or not， the practice of tipping has a little interesting history. The custom can be traced back to the Roman era. The Romans were the first civilization to use coins. It is possible that the word “tip” came from the word stipend. Strips in Latin means gift. A more common belief is tips were first given in the 18th century England. A popular coffee house equipped each table with a coin box. The label of each box read： “To insure promptness.” Dropping a coin into the box would result in quick service. Also， the first letter of each word is T.I.P. – tip.
In America and Europe it is customary to tip anywhere from 10% to 20%. Taxi drivers， waiters in restaurants， waitresses in lounges， hotel boys， doormen， and disco coat check girls， all expect a little something. People working at these jobs usually receive a low basic salary. Tips are quite necessary to supplement their income. Today most people decide the size of tip according to the quality of the service. If the service is good ，most people are quite happy to leave a tip.
The world is full of big spenders and people who act like big spenders. Surprisingly， rich people are not “big tippers” unless entertaining guests. It is no use showing off if nobody is there to watch， right？ Many throw money around like water to impress a group of friends out for an evening “on the town”。 People who usually cannot afford it are the biggest tippers in front of their friends. It is all part of the show to prove a certain level of social success. Nobody wants to look cheap， stingy， or poor in front of their friends. Over-tipping also gives some satisfaction just to see the waiter‘s reaction.
For whatever reason， tipping will continue to be practiced in most countries. Tipping does have its place in our modern society. It will also remain a somewhat personal expression of gratitude.
21. What is the meaning of the word “gratis” according to the passage？
A） free of obligation B） free of charge C） plenty in time D） free from tax
答案：A
解析：B是免于起訴C是充足的時(shí)間D是免于征稅，A是責(zé)任義務(wù)的免除。根據(jù)文章對(duì)消費(fèi)的介紹選擇A相比較妥帖。
22. When were tips first given in England
A） in the 17th century B） in the 18th century
C） in the 19th century D） in the 20th century
答案： B
解析： 細(xì)節(jié)題，第2段的第四句中A more common belief is tips were first given in the 18th century England其它的選項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的
23. Which of the following statements is true？
A） Most people think that tips originated in England.
B） Most people think that tips originated in Rome
C） Today most people decide the size of tips according to their mood.
D） According to the author， the practice of tipping does not have an interesting history
答案： A
解析： 推論題。第2段的。2句是說(shuō)這個(gè)習(xí)慣追溯到羅馬但是大家普遍認(rèn)為的是在英國(guó)，理由同上。
24. How to understand the sentence “The world is full of big spenders and people who act like big spenders.”？
A） All people in the world have a lot of money.
B） No one in the world has a lot of money.
C） Many people spend a large sum of money every day.
D） The number of people who either have a lot of money or who pretend to be rich is great.
答案： D
解析： A、B明顯是錯(cuò)誤的！C和文章沒(méi)有聯(lián)系，主要是說(shuō)一些有錢的和貌似有錢的人在消費(fèi)上面的表現(xiàn)。C不能體現(xiàn)出該要表達(dá)的含義。
25. Why are people who cannot afford tipping the biggest tippers in front of their friends？
A） Because they have a lot of money.
B） Because they sympathize with taxi drivers， waiters in restaurants， waitresses in lounges and disco coat check girls， etc.
C） Because of their vanity.
D） None of the above.
答案： C
解析： vanity是虛榮奢華的含義，后2段主要說(shuō)。 It is all part of the show to prove a certain level of social success. Nobody wants to look cheap， stingy， or poor in front of their friends是說(shuō)沒(méi)有錢人的虛榮！C應(yīng)該是合適的答案。 Passage 6：
The current generation of parents must， in many cases， balance care of children with care for their own aging parents. It is estimated that women can now expect their mothers to live 55 years after their own birth and 30 to 40 years after the birth of their first child， many analysts suggest that this added pressure disproportionately touches the women， who already carry major responsibility for their own children.
Perhaps the most important issue that emerges from the social trends just described is the impact of family instability and single parenting on children. Some argue that single-parent families are a deficient form of family functioning. Others see them as a courageous， desirable alternative to unhappy two-parent families.
On average， kids fare better in two-parent families. But a sizable percentage of children in single parent families thrive， and many in two-parent families do not， what matters most – regardless of family structure – is what happens within the family.
Particularly important is the family‘s ability to support and nurture， minimize conflict， practice democratic decision making， provide consistent and positive forms of discipline and mode， and encourage values of caring and responsibility. Families should also provide access to structured activities （e.g.church participations， clubs， organizations， lessons） and a stimulating environment for learning （including parental involvement in schooling）。 While it is somewhat easier to deliver these in two-parent families， some single-parent families do succeed by drawing on informal and formal support systems from neighborhoods， schools， and churches.
26. The current generation of parents shoulder a heavy pressure ___.
A. since they carry major responsibility for their own children.
B. because in many cades they must balance care of children with care for their own aging parents.
C. they must burren lots of work in family.
D. because they hardly obtain any help from others
答案： Ｂ
解析： 細(xì)節(jié)題。文章的第一段第一句就是該題的答案，主要說(shuō)作為母親在家庭里面在孩子和對(duì)他們的老父母之間的權(quán)衡利弊。
27. Perhaps the most important issue that emerges from the social trends is ___.
A. the deficiency of single-parent families.
B. whether single-parent families can be regarded as a courageous， desirable alternative to unhappy two-parent families.
C. the impact of family instability and single parenting on children.
D. the poverty of the single-parent families.
答案： C
解析： 細(xì)節(jié)題。第２段的第一句就是這題的答案，要大家對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)仔細(xì)的把握，該句的意思是說(shuō)：當(dāng)今社會(huì)出現(xiàn)的家庭的不穩(wěn)定性的單身家庭的出現(xiàn)對(duì)孩子這代的嚴(yán)重沖擊。
28. On average， kids fare better in two-parent families， while ___.
A. many of them are not so obedient.
B. a sizable percentage of children in single-parent families thrive.
C. what happens within the family really matters.
D. children in single-parent families are not well fed.
答案： B
解析： 細(xì)節(jié)題。第２段的后兩句，意思是說(shuō)在也有一定比例的單身家庭里面的孩子，生活學(xué)習(xí)也有進(jìn)步。
29. All the following statements are mentioned as the important family abilities EXCEPT ___.
A. try to avoid the conflict.
B. decisions are always made democratically.
C. encourage the qualities of caring and responsibility.
D. make sure to monitor the fulfillment of each one‘s duty.
答案： D
解析：?。牡囊馑际钦f(shuō)務(wù)必監(jiān)視每個(gè)人的責(zé)任的履行。后一段的第一句分別提到了Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容。只有第４項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容沒(méi)有涉及。
30. In what way can the single-parent families succeed in participating in the structured activities？
A. By providing access to church participation， clubs， etc.
B. By drawing on support systems from various kinds of organizations.
C. By taking part in parental involvement in schooling.
D. By following the two-parent families
答案： Ｂ
解析： 細(xì)節(jié)題。在文章的后一句，是說(shuō)利用那些來(lái)自鄰居教堂和社會(huì)正式和非正式的援助 informal and formal support systems from neighborhoods， schools， and churches. Passage 7
Hyperinflation （極度通貨膨脹） is defined as an economic condition during which there is a steep increase in prices. In accordance with the laws of economics， three factors combine to create this condition. First， demand must be much greater than the supply of available goods. Second， the country must continuously create and thereby build up an ever increasing supply of money. Third， the governmental processes that are used to collect taxes must be crippled. Let‘s imagine a country where production is barely accomplishing its goal to keep up with demand. When this happens， the government should decrease the salaries of the workers by raising taxes. But the government is powerless to collect the taxes， so it prints more money to compensate for（補(bǔ)償）the goods it must purchase. This new money goes to the workers who produced the goods： as a result， the people are not forced to give up certain things for a while – they actually become richer. While this might appear to be a positive step， it is actually regressive. Every month the government is forced to print more and more money， thereby increasing its liabilities （債務(wù)） until it is destroyed. The only way to prevent total economic collapse in such a situation is for the government to increase taxes in a manner that is characterized by impartiality （公正） to everyone involved.
大意：主要是說(shuō)明了經(jīng)濟(jì)的的宏觀調(diào)控政策比如：調(diào)控市場(chǎng)供求關(guān)系。或是貨幣的發(fā)行來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)市場(chǎng)。
31. Which of the following might occur during hyperinflation？
A. A slight increase in prices.
B. Rapid growth of economy.
C. Decrease of workers‘ salary.
D. Soaring prices.
答案：?。?BR> 解析： 細(xì)節(jié)題。文章的第一段的第１句increase in prices是物價(jià)飛漲的意思Soaring prices的意思和這是一樣的。
32. The author states that during hyperinflation ___.
A. goods appear to be overabundant.
B. the country has to supply more money.
C. government may become richer by collecting more taxes.
D. people are forced to give up certain things
答案：?。?BR> 解析： 細(xì)節(jié)題。問(wèn)題是通貨膨脹的時(shí)候應(yīng)該用什么樣的貨幣政策，Second， the country must continuously create and thereby build up an ever increasing supply of money可以知道這道題的答案。
33. The passage implies that ___.
A. hyperinflation is just a passing phase in the economic development.
B. people could benefit a lot from hyperinflation.
C. hyperinflation is used by a government to raise taxes.
D. hyperinflation may cause the downfall of a government.
答案：?。?BR> 解析： 推論題。文章的第７句可以知道，當(dāng)出現(xiàn)通貨膨脹時(shí)候在稅收和商品的補(bǔ)償上政府要付出一定的代價(jià)。因而一定產(chǎn)生downfall下降的效應(yīng)。
34. The word “regressive” probably means ___.
A. harmful. B. negative. C. going back. D. progressive
答案：?。?BR> 解析： Ａ是有害的Ｃ是倒退，Ｄ是進(jìn)程的意思，Ｂ是否定的、反作用的意思，While this might appear to be a positive step， it is actually regressive.另外這是個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折句關(guān)系，應(yīng)該和positive相反。