AW
1.Issue
31. Society should make efforts to save endangered species only if the potential extinction of those species is the result of human activities.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：此題在Issue考試中為top 5的高頻題，與63跟67題本質(zhì)上是相同的。觀點(diǎn)的評(píng)價(jià)其實(shí)應(yīng)該不難，我簡單的說下。
1>誠然，過去很多的動(dòng)物都是因?yàn)樽陨聿荒軌蜻m應(yīng)自然條件或者競爭法則而滅絕的。
The first is essentially the Darwinian argument that extinction results from the inexorable process of so-called "natural selection" in which stronger species survive while weaker ones do not.
然而，professional agency of species protection公布的數(shù)據(jù)表明，目前動(dòng)物因?yàn)槿祟悳缃^的數(shù)量是自然滅絕的 100 倍。人類對(duì)環(huán)境的污染導(dǎo)致很多生物不能夠適應(yīng)劇變的環(huán)境而滅亡；人類的大量開發(fā)土地和 deforest 導(dǎo)致生物的生存空間越來越小。人類正在成為 leading killer，所以，我們有責(zé)任去保護(hù)那些瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)物。
2>保護(hù)那些瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)物對(duì)我們的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有好處。
3>一個(gè)國家的人類財(cái)力是有限的，不能一味的全用來保護(hù)瀕危物種。保護(hù)瀕危物種與社會(huì)的進(jìn)步，經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展不應(yīng)該對(duì)立。
82/97/100/124
82.Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.
學(xué)院或大學(xué)應(yīng)該要求學(xué)生在國外至少留學(xué)一個(gè)學(xué)期。
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：此題相對(duì)高頻，top20的樣子，而本身難度其實(shí)很低，大家都是要出國的人，如果連這么簡單的辯證分析都搞不出來那也不用混了。
1>當(dāng)今出國留學(xué)已成為一股熱潮，增長知識(shí)，豐富閱歷，感受文化，培養(yǎng)獨(dú)立能力。
2>沒有必要人人都出國，有些專業(yè)出國給學(xué)生自身的提升帶不來什么提升。
3>正確定位，選擇最適合的方式。要考慮家庭負(fù)擔(dān)以及自控能力；有些學(xué)生因?yàn)橐m應(yīng)環(huán)境，或者無法適應(yīng)環(huán)境，不但沒有學(xué)到預(yù)想的知識(shí)，還浪費(fèi)了大好青春。
2.Argument
60/145/146/150/154/155
60.The following appeared in a letter from a firm providing investment advice to a client.
"Homes in the northeastern United States, where winters are typically cold, have traditionally used oil as their major fuel for heating. Last year that region experienced twenty days with below-average temperatures, and local weather forecasters throughout the region predict that this weather pattern will continue for several more years. Furthermore, many new homes have been built in this region during the past year. Because of these developments, we predict an increased demand for heating oil and recommend investment in Consolidated Industries, one of whose major business operations is the retail sale of home heating oil."
Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
翻譯：在冬季非常寒冷的美國東北部的房屋，一直都使用傳統(tǒng)的油料作為采暖的主要燃料。去年該地區(qū)經(jīng)歷了90天低于往年平均氣溫的嚴(yán)寒，并且氣象預(yù)測家們預(yù)測這種天氣會(huì)持續(xù)未來數(shù)年。而且，去年本地建造了很多的房屋。按此趨勢，我們預(yù)測對(duì)于油料的需求將會(huì)增加. 所以我們建議對(duì)CI公司投資，該公司的主要業(yè)務(wù)之一就是家用采暖油料的零售。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：這是Argu中頻的題目，沒準(zhǔn)備過絕對(duì)要打*！
1>90多天的冬季看似很久，可以以前的天氣情況沒有提，要是一般的冬季都比這個(gè)時(shí)間長的話，那么這個(gè)冬天就是暖冬了，自然油料的使用量可能就不會(huì)提高，相反還會(huì)下降，而且泛泛的指出是在零下，沒有說零下多少度，要是很冷的溫度只持續(xù)了一小段時(shí)間，而大多數(shù)的時(shí)間都是比零度低一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的話，那么溫度總體上還是提高的，油料也是沒有用處的。
2>很多的住宅新建起來，不見得很多人都會(huì)立刻搬進(jìn)去居住，可能是房子的質(zhì)量不好，也可能是人們的工資負(fù)擔(dān)不起那里昂貴的房價(jià)> 又或者交通不便利，環(huán)境不好等因素。
3>這個(gè)公司是零售的，而那里的人們，小區(qū)什么的都是承包給大的集團(tuán)公司，他們這樣的小公司可能沒有市場>
62/121/122
62.The following appeared in a memo from the director of a large group of hospitals.
"In a laboratory study of liquid antibacterial hand soaps, a concentrated solution of UltraClean produced a 40 percent greater reduction in the bacteria population than did the liquid hand soaps currently used in our hospitals. During a subsequent test of UltraClean at our hospital in Workby, that hospital reported significantly fewer cases of patient infection than did any of the other hospitals in our group. Therefore, to prevent serious patient infections, we should supply UltraClean at all hand-washing stations throughout our hospital system."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted
翻譯：再一次對(duì)于抗菌洗手液的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究中，UC濃縮液比我們醫(yī)院目前使用的洗手液多殺40%的細(xì)菌。我們對(duì)在W的醫(yī)院做的隨后測試中發(fā)現(xiàn)，該醫(yī)院上報(bào)的患者感染數(shù)量明顯少于我們集團(tuán)的其他醫(yī)院。因此，為防止嚴(yán)重的患者感染，我們應(yīng)該在我們的醫(yī)院系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的所有洗手站提供UC洗手液。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：這題也是挺熱門的，難度也不大，下面是解析，大家可以稍微參考下：
1>前提不一定成立，即使用N洗手能減少感染，論者提供的論據(jù)不足以支持結(jié)論。
2>首先室驗(yàn)室的結(jié)果不證明在現(xiàn)實(shí)使用中效果一樣顯著，因?yàn)镹有可能受到現(xiàn)實(shí)環(huán)境中其它化學(xué)和物理因素的影響，而使其失效。
3>論據(jù)沒有說服力，關(guān)于S醫(yī)院的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。首先S醫(yī)院的感染病人比其它醫(yī)院少，但是與它不使用N的時(shí)候呢？如果不使用N，S醫(yī)院的此類病人也少，就不能證明是N防止了病人感染。其次S醫(yī)院對(duì)N的測試，但未說是如何使用，可能并不只是用于洗手液。結(jié)論：首先N是否有副作用，
4>其次，N殺死的細(xì)菌是否是能引起嚴(yán)重感染的，還是只是較弱的細(xì)菌。
結(jié)論：論者應(yīng)進(jìn)一步了解N用于洗手液在實(shí)際情況中的殺菌效果，并一步了解S醫(yī)院的經(jīng)驗(yàn)是否值得推廣
3.作文總結(jié)
這次考試的作文組合大概是兩個(gè)版本：Issue 31 + Argu 60 或者Issue 82 + Argu 62的組合。應(yīng)該來說，GRE作文在經(jīng)歷了黑暗3月份的冷門迭爆之后，ETS終于腦子正常的出了回正常題，本次的作文題無論是難易度還是熱門度上都可以說對(duì)于認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備的考生而言，so easy~
1.Issue
31. Society should make efforts to save endangered species only if the potential extinction of those species is the result of human activities.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：此題在Issue考試中為top 5的高頻題，與63跟67題本質(zhì)上是相同的。觀點(diǎn)的評(píng)價(jià)其實(shí)應(yīng)該不難，我簡單的說下。
1>誠然，過去很多的動(dòng)物都是因?yàn)樽陨聿荒軌蜻m應(yīng)自然條件或者競爭法則而滅絕的。
The first is essentially the Darwinian argument that extinction results from the inexorable process of so-called "natural selection" in which stronger species survive while weaker ones do not.
然而，professional agency of species protection公布的數(shù)據(jù)表明，目前動(dòng)物因?yàn)槿祟悳缃^的數(shù)量是自然滅絕的 100 倍。人類對(duì)環(huán)境的污染導(dǎo)致很多生物不能夠適應(yīng)劇變的環(huán)境而滅亡；人類的大量開發(fā)土地和 deforest 導(dǎo)致生物的生存空間越來越小。人類正在成為 leading killer，所以，我們有責(zé)任去保護(hù)那些瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)物。
2>保護(hù)那些瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)物對(duì)我們的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有好處。
3>一個(gè)國家的人類財(cái)力是有限的，不能一味的全用來保護(hù)瀕危物種。保護(hù)瀕危物種與社會(huì)的進(jìn)步，經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展不應(yīng)該對(duì)立。
82/97/100/124
82.Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.
學(xué)院或大學(xué)應(yīng)該要求學(xué)生在國外至少留學(xué)一個(gè)學(xué)期。
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：此題相對(duì)高頻，top20的樣子，而本身難度其實(shí)很低，大家都是要出國的人，如果連這么簡單的辯證分析都搞不出來那也不用混了。
1>當(dāng)今出國留學(xué)已成為一股熱潮，增長知識(shí)，豐富閱歷，感受文化，培養(yǎng)獨(dú)立能力。
2>沒有必要人人都出國，有些專業(yè)出國給學(xué)生自身的提升帶不來什么提升。
3>正確定位，選擇最適合的方式。要考慮家庭負(fù)擔(dān)以及自控能力；有些學(xué)生因?yàn)橐m應(yīng)環(huán)境，或者無法適應(yīng)環(huán)境，不但沒有學(xué)到預(yù)想的知識(shí)，還浪費(fèi)了大好青春。
2.Argument
60/145/146/150/154/155
60.The following appeared in a letter from a firm providing investment advice to a client.
"Homes in the northeastern United States, where winters are typically cold, have traditionally used oil as their major fuel for heating. Last year that region experienced twenty days with below-average temperatures, and local weather forecasters throughout the region predict that this weather pattern will continue for several more years. Furthermore, many new homes have been built in this region during the past year. Because of these developments, we predict an increased demand for heating oil and recommend investment in Consolidated Industries, one of whose major business operations is the retail sale of home heating oil."
Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
翻譯：在冬季非常寒冷的美國東北部的房屋，一直都使用傳統(tǒng)的油料作為采暖的主要燃料。去年該地區(qū)經(jīng)歷了90天低于往年平均氣溫的嚴(yán)寒，并且氣象預(yù)測家們預(yù)測這種天氣會(huì)持續(xù)未來數(shù)年。而且，去年本地建造了很多的房屋。按此趨勢，我們預(yù)測對(duì)于油料的需求將會(huì)增加. 所以我們建議對(duì)CI公司投資，該公司的主要業(yè)務(wù)之一就是家用采暖油料的零售。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：這是Argu中頻的題目，沒準(zhǔn)備過絕對(duì)要打*！
1>90多天的冬季看似很久，可以以前的天氣情況沒有提，要是一般的冬季都比這個(gè)時(shí)間長的話，那么這個(gè)冬天就是暖冬了，自然油料的使用量可能就不會(huì)提高，相反還會(huì)下降，而且泛泛的指出是在零下，沒有說零下多少度，要是很冷的溫度只持續(xù)了一小段時(shí)間，而大多數(shù)的時(shí)間都是比零度低一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的話，那么溫度總體上還是提高的，油料也是沒有用處的。
2>很多的住宅新建起來，不見得很多人都會(huì)立刻搬進(jìn)去居住，可能是房子的質(zhì)量不好，也可能是人們的工資負(fù)擔(dān)不起那里昂貴的房價(jià)> 又或者交通不便利，環(huán)境不好等因素。
3>這個(gè)公司是零售的，而那里的人們，小區(qū)什么的都是承包給大的集團(tuán)公司，他們這樣的小公司可能沒有市場>
62/121/122
62.The following appeared in a memo from the director of a large group of hospitals.
"In a laboratory study of liquid antibacterial hand soaps, a concentrated solution of UltraClean produced a 40 percent greater reduction in the bacteria population than did the liquid hand soaps currently used in our hospitals. During a subsequent test of UltraClean at our hospital in Workby, that hospital reported significantly fewer cases of patient infection than did any of the other hospitals in our group. Therefore, to prevent serious patient infections, we should supply UltraClean at all hand-washing stations throughout our hospital system."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted
翻譯：再一次對(duì)于抗菌洗手液的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究中，UC濃縮液比我們醫(yī)院目前使用的洗手液多殺40%的細(xì)菌。我們對(duì)在W的醫(yī)院做的隨后測試中發(fā)現(xiàn)，該醫(yī)院上報(bào)的患者感染數(shù)量明顯少于我們集團(tuán)的其他醫(yī)院。因此，為防止嚴(yán)重的患者感染，我們應(yīng)該在我們的醫(yī)院系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的所有洗手站提供UC洗手液。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：這題也是挺熱門的，難度也不大，下面是解析，大家可以稍微參考下：
1>前提不一定成立，即使用N洗手能減少感染，論者提供的論據(jù)不足以支持結(jié)論。
2>首先室驗(yàn)室的結(jié)果不證明在現(xiàn)實(shí)使用中效果一樣顯著，因?yàn)镹有可能受到現(xiàn)實(shí)環(huán)境中其它化學(xué)和物理因素的影響，而使其失效。
3>論據(jù)沒有說服力，關(guān)于S醫(yī)院的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。首先S醫(yī)院的感染病人比其它醫(yī)院少，但是與它不使用N的時(shí)候呢？如果不使用N，S醫(yī)院的此類病人也少，就不能證明是N防止了病人感染。其次S醫(yī)院對(duì)N的測試，但未說是如何使用，可能并不只是用于洗手液。結(jié)論：首先N是否有副作用，
4>其次，N殺死的細(xì)菌是否是能引起嚴(yán)重感染的，還是只是較弱的細(xì)菌。
結(jié)論：論者應(yīng)進(jìn)一步了解N用于洗手液在實(shí)際情況中的殺菌效果，并一步了解S醫(yī)院的經(jīng)驗(yàn)是否值得推廣
3.作文總結(jié)
這次考試的作文組合大概是兩個(gè)版本：Issue 31 + Argu 60 或者Issue 82 + Argu 62的組合。應(yīng)該來說，GRE作文在經(jīng)歷了黑暗3月份的冷門迭爆之后，ETS終于腦子正常的出了回正常題，本次的作文題無論是難易度還是熱門度上都可以說對(duì)于認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備的考生而言，so easy~