為大家整理的2013年成人英語三級(jí)語法講義，供大家參考：
在這部分我們將對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞以及主謂一致這些知識(shí)點(diǎn)分別進(jìn)行詳細(xì)講解。
(一)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)
動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)指的是作謂語的動(dòng)詞用來表示動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)發(fā)生時(shí)間的各種形式。英語中共16種動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。
現(xiàn)在：1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、4現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
過去：5一般過去時(shí)、6過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、7過去完成時(shí)、8過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
將來：9一般將來時(shí)、10將來進(jìn)行時(shí)、11將來完成時(shí)、12將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
過去將來：13一般過去將來時(shí)、14過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)、15過去將來完成時(shí)、16過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
這部分常考知識(shí)點(diǎn)有：
(1)條件、時(shí)間、讓步狀語從句中的“主將從現(xiàn)”。
(2)一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別。考 易網(wǎng)提供
(3)將來完成時(shí)。
1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
(1)表示經(jīng)常如發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)：常和always，usually，often，sometimes，every day，every
week等時(shí)間狀語連用。例：He goes to work every day。他每天去上班。
(2)表示普遍的真理。由于是眾所周知的客觀事實(shí)，所以一般不用時(shí)間狀語。
例：The earth is round. 地球是圓的。
(3)有些表示心理狀態(tài)或感情的動(dòng)詞往往用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
例：I don′t think you are right. 我認(rèn)為你錯(cuò)了。
(4)在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中表示將來的動(dòng)作，遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”的原則。常用的連詞有as soon as，
when，until，if，unless。我們?cè)诖艘萌勒骖}。
例1-When are you going to visit your uncle in Chicago?
-As soon as ____ _ our work for tomorrow.
A.we′re complete B. we′d complete C. we′ll complete D. we complete
答案【D】(2003年11月34題)
例2 They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they ____ their exams.
A.have finished B.finsh C.finished D.was finishing
答案【B】(1996年22題)
例3 When the mixture ____ ，it will give off a powerful force.
A.will heat B.will be heated C.is heated D.has heated
答案【C】(1992年5題)
2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
(1)表示此時(shí)此刻(說話時(shí))正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
例：The teacher is talking with his students.老師正在與學(xué)生們談話。
(2)表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
例：I am attending a conference in New York. 我正在紐約參加一個(gè)會(huì)議。 3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
(1)表示動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束(常和just，now，already，yet等詞連用);或表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果(一般不用
時(shí)間狀語)
例1 Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明剛剛把燈關(guān)上。(說明現(xiàn)在燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了)
例2 I has lost my pen. 我把筆丟了。(說明過去某時(shí)丟的，現(xiàn)在我還沒有找到這支筆)
(2)表示過去某時(shí)開始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且可能會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下午(常與由since 引導(dǎo)的短語
或從句，或由for引導(dǎo)的短語連用)。
例1 He has ____ the army for ten years and is now an officer. 他入伍10年，現(xiàn)為軍官。(現(xiàn)在還在軍中)
A.gone into B.joined in C.been in D.come into
【答案】C(1995年49題)
例2 They′ve known each other since childhood.他們從小認(rèn)識(shí)。(現(xiàn)在還繼續(xù)來往)
(3)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和it is + 時(shí)間 + since... (過去的)
英語中有些動(dòng)詞不能延續(xù)，因?yàn)椴荒芎捅硎狙永m(xù)的時(shí)間狀語連用(如for ten years)
例：It is ten years since he left home and joined the army.他離鄉(xiāng)入伍已10年。
對(duì)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表達(dá)完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)常用it is+時(shí)間+since... 的句型代替，從句用過去時(shí)態(tài)。
(4)have (has) been to和have (has) gone to的區(qū)別：
have (has) been to：去過某地(表示某人的一種經(jīng)歷)，可以和once，twice，often，never，ever連用。
have (has) gone to：去某地了(表示某人已經(jīng)離開本地，在去某地的路途上或已在某地，所以一般來說此句只用于第三人稱)，此句型不能與上述時(shí)間狀語連用。
例1 He has gone to America. 他已經(jīng)去了美國(guó)。(現(xiàn)在不在本地)
例2 He has been to America twice. 他(曾經(jīng))去過美國(guó)兩次。
4、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
表示從過去某時(shí)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作一般會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去，或是到說話時(shí)結(jié)束，但是強(qiáng)調(diào)說話時(shí)為止一直在做的動(dòng)作。
例1 I ____ on the door for ten minutes now without an answer.
A.was knocking B.am knocking C.knocking D.have been knocking
【答案】D (1998年49題) now 表示敲門動(dòng)作持續(xù)進(jìn)行一直到現(xiàn)在
例2 Since he left the university， he ____ in an accounting company.
A.has been working B.had worked C.had been working D.have been knocking
【答案】A (2006年4月16題)表示自大學(xué)畢業(yè)起一直在會(huì)計(jì)公司工作。 1、一般過去時(shí)
(1)表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和具體的過去時(shí)間狀語連用，如just now，last year，when I was 18 years old等。
例：You′ve already missed too many classes this term.You ____ two classes just last week.
A.missed B.would miss C.had missed D.have missed
【答案】A (1995年59題)
(2)used to do sth.過去常常做……
例：I used to take a walk in the morning.我過去是在早晨散步。(意味著現(xiàn)在不在早晨散步了)
注意：
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：
一般過去時(shí)主要表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或存在過的狀態(tài)。這種動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與現(xiàn)在沒有任何聯(lián)系。它只是表示過去發(fā)生過(或已完成)，過去存在過。句中往往有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語。如：just now，last year，when I was 18 years old等。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則是由現(xiàn)在回顧過去的一種狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“是否曾經(jīng)有過怎么一回事，該事完成后一流下來的影響或結(jié)果”。絕對(duì)不能使用指定過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)的時(shí)間狀語。常與下列副詞連用：aleady，recently，yet，before，just，ever，never，since，so far，in (over，during) the past few years 等。上面舉的例子就能很好地體現(xiàn)這一區(qū)別。
2、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
(1)表示在過去某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常需用表示過去的時(shí)間狀語或通過上下文萊判斷時(shí)間。
例子：He was doing his homework form seven to nine last night.昨天晚上7點(diǎn)到9點(diǎn)他正在做作業(yè)。
(2)when和while的用法區(qū)別：
when 表示一定特定時(shí)間點(diǎn)，其所引導(dǎo)的句子用過去時(shí)，while表示持續(xù)的一段時(shí)間，其所引導(dǎo)的句子用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
例1 I fell and hurt muself while I ____ tennis. A.was playing B.am playing C.play D.played
【答案】A(1983年43題)
例2 When you ____ this over with her，you should not see her any more.
A.talk B.talked C.will talk D.talking
【答案】B(1999年35題)
例2One of the guards ____ when the general came in，which made him very angry.
A.has slept B.were sleeping C.slept D.was sleeping
【答案】D(1996年23題)
(3)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將來的作用?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來的動(dòng)作。同樣過去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以表示
從過去某時(shí)間看將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
例：He went to see Xiao Li. He was leaving early the next morning. 他去看小李。他第二天一早就要離開此地了。 3、過去完成時(shí)
(1)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作(即過去的過去)。這個(gè)過去的某一時(shí)間可用
by，before等介詞或連詞引導(dǎo)的短語或一個(gè)從句來表示。
例1 When I went to visit Mrs. Smith last week, I was told she ____ two days before.
A.has left B.was leaving C.would leave D.had left
【答案】D(2003年11月40題)
例2 About the sixth century A.D. when few Europeans could read，the Chinese ____ paper.
A.inented B.had inwented C.have inented D.had been invented
【答案】B(1997年35題)
(2)表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始，一直持續(xù)到另一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。
例：The chemistry class ____ for live minutes when we hurried there.
A.had been on B.was on C.has been on D.would be on
【答案】A(1995年24題)
(3)在含有before，after，as soon as 等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，由于連詞本身可以明確表
示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序，因此主句和從句都可以用一般過去時(shí)表示，而不用過去完成時(shí)。
例：I called him as soon as I arrived. 我剛一到就給他打電話。
(4)過去完成時(shí)常用在 no sooner … than …，hardly/scarcely/barely…when…，“一…就…”句型之中，句子倒裝。
例1 No sooner had we sat down ____ we found it was time to go. A.than B.when C.as D.while
例2 Scarcely had he opened the door when a gust of wind blew the candle out. 他剛打開門，蠟燭就被一陣風(fēng)催滅了。
注意：
一般過去時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：
兩者都表示的動(dòng)作，但一般過去時(shí)表示相當(dāng)于現(xiàn)在的過去時(shí)間，而過去完成時(shí)則表示相當(dāng)于過去某一時(shí)刻的過去，即過去的過去。過去曾經(jīng)做過的事，應(yīng)該用過去時(shí)。過去完成時(shí)一般表示兩個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作的一先一后。過去完成時(shí)單獨(dú)使用時(shí)要用by引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語表示“到……時(shí)候?yàn)橹埂?，如?BR> I finished the work yesterday.
They had fulfilled their task by the end of last year.
4、一般將來時(shí)
(1)will(shall)+ 原形動(dòng)詞：表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)
例：He will come and help you. 他回來幫助你的。
(2)be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形：表示馬上就要發(fā)生的事情或打算好要做的事。
例：Are you going to attend the lecture? 你打算去聽這個(gè)講座嗎?
(3)be to + 動(dòng)詞原形：表示安排或計(jì)劃好了的動(dòng)作。
例：The Five-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day. 五環(huán)路將在國(guó)慶節(jié)前通車。
(4)be about to + 動(dòng)詞原形：表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
例：The lecture is about to begin. 講座即將開始。
(5)某些表示開始、終結(jié)、往來行動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如：go，come，start，arrive，leave等，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示將來。
例1 We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我們明天動(dòng)身去北京
例2 The foreign guests are arriving in Shnghai tonight.
9、將來完成時(shí)
表示在將來某一時(shí)間以前完成的動(dòng)作。這是近年來考試的重點(diǎn)。其句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)就是will have hone. 我們下面通過幾道真題來講解這一語法點(diǎn)。
例1 By next year he ____ in New York for live years.
A.has worked B.has been working C.works D.will have worked
【答案】D (2004年11月30題)
本劇的意思是：到明年為止，他在紐約已經(jīng)工作了5年了。
補(bǔ)充：如果句子中由by引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語，句子需要用完成時(shí);by后跟的是將來的時(shí)間，句子需要用將來完成時(shí)，表示將來某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，如
By next Friday, he will have studied here for three years.到下周五，他在這里學(xué)習(xí)就要滿3年了。
例2 By the end of next year they ____ together for twenty years.
A.will have worked B.had worked C.would work D.have worked
【答案】A (2001年48題) 本句的意思是：到明年年底為止，他們已經(jīng)一起工作了20年。
例3I ____ writing the article by the time you get back.
A.shall finish B.must have finished C.have finished D.shall have finsihed
【答案】D(2000年24題)本句的意思是：到你回來的時(shí)候，我會(huì)完成這篇論文。 10、將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
這一語言點(diǎn)在近的考試中也有所考查。句型結(jié)構(gòu)為will have been doing。
例：By the time you arrive this evening, ____ for two hours.
A.I will study B.I will have been studied C.I had studied D.I will have been studying
【答案】D(2004年11月41題)本句的意思是：到今晚你來的時(shí)候，我就已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。
動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)配套練習(xí)
1. Mary ____ in the garden when it began to rain.
A.was walking B.walked C.walking D.had waked
2. English ____in a new way at my college in the past few years.
A.has been teaching B.was being taught C.has been taught D.has been taught
3. Smith is to study medicine as soon as be ____ military service.
A.will finish B has finished C finish D would finish
4. Please be sure to telephone me the next time you ____ .
A.will come B.would come C.shall come D.come
5. When I got to the top of the mountain , the sun ____.
A.shone B.shines C.has shone D.was shining
6. Return the book immediately to the library as soon as you ____ with it.
A.finish B.are finished C.have finished D.are finishing
7. -How are you feeling?
-I have been feeling better since ____ .
A.the orctor has come B.the doctor will come C.the doctor had come D.the doctor came
8. The chemistry class ____ for five minutes when we hurried there.
A.had been on B.was on C.has been on D.would be on
9. By the time Juan gets home, her aunt ____ .
A.will have B.leaves C.will have left D.is leaving
10. You′ve already missed too many classes this term.You ___ two classes just last week.
A.missed B.would miss C.had missed D.have missed
11. One of the guards ____ when the general came in, which made him very angry.
A.has slept B.were sleeping C.slept D.was sleeping
12. Dr.Robert went to New York, bought some books and ____ .
A.visiting his daughter B.to visit his daughter C.visit his daughter D.visited his daughter
13.I ____writing the article by the time you get back.
A.shall finish B.must have finished C.have finished D.shall have finished
14. There is a knock on the door. It is the second time someone ____ me this evening.
A.interrupted B.has interrupted C.would interrupt D.interrupt
15. -Is there anything wrong?
-No，so far I ____ no trouble.
A.have had B.had C.have D.had had
16. No one can be sure if the car on display fits him or her until he or she _____ them.
A.tries B.will try C.are trying D.has tried
ACBDD; CDACA; DDDBAA (二)被動(dòng)語態(tài)
考試重點(diǎn)：謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài);感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài);用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的含義。
1、謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)：基本形式見上面表格，多結(jié)合時(shí)態(tài)來考查。
例1 The goods ____ when we arrived at the airport.
A.were just unloading B.wrer just been unloading C.had just unloaded D.were just being unloaded
【答案】D(2006年4月22題)
例2 He _____ when the bus came to a sudden stop.
A.was almost hurt B.was almost to hurt himself C.was almost hurt himself D.was almost hurting himself
【答案】A(2005年4月33題)
2、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞
例：I can′t find the recorder in the room. It _____ by somebody.
A. must have taken B.may have taken C.may have been taken D.should have been taken
【答案】C(2003年11月22題)
此題考察的是綜合知識(shí)點(diǎn)。首先是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，錄音機(jī)被人拿走了。另外還考察了情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加完成式表 考 易網(wǎng)提供
示對(duì)過去時(shí)間的推測(cè)。
3、感官動(dòng)詞及使役動(dòng)詞(如：see，feel，hear，watch，make，bid)在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中用無to不定式作賓
補(bǔ)，改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)不定式前要加to
例1 Because of many mistakes，she was made _____ these letters again.
A.tape B.to typing C.typed D.to type
【答案】D(2006年11月22題)本句的意思是：因?yàn)殄e(cuò)誤太多，她又把字重新打了一遍。
4、用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的含義
(1)need/require+doing sth.(=to be done)(此句型主語大多為物)。
例1 It is hot and dry;the flowers need _____ . A.being watered B.be watered C.to water D.to be watered
【答案】D(2006年11月23題)本句的意思是：天氣又熱又干燥，花需要澆水。
例2 My room is a mess.It needs _____ . A.to be tidying up B.tidying up C.to tidy up D.tidied up
【答案】B(2000年47題)本句的意思是：我的房間很亂，需要收拾。
(2)sell，wash，read，write，run等動(dòng)詞帶狀語修飾時(shí)。
例：This kind of clothes sells well.這種衣服賣得很好。The pen writes smoothly.這支筆書寫流利。
(3)主語 + sound(feel，look，smell，taste)+形容詞。
例：The dish ____ _ terrible!I don′t like it at all. A.tastes B.tasted C.will taste D.is tasted
【答案】A(2005年11月19題) 本句的意思是：這盤菜太難吃了，我一點(diǎn)也不喜歡。 被動(dòng)語態(tài)配套練習(xí)
1. This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen ____ comfortably.
A.in worn B.wearing C.wears D.are worn
2. The middle-aged man was seen _____ out of the house on the afternoon of the murder.
A.came B.come C.to come D.have come
3. This out-of-date teaching method ___ _ .
A.must do away with B.must have done away with C.must being done away with D.must be done away wish
4. A fire _____ during the night and a large number of houses ____ _ to ashes.
A.broke out ， were burnt B.was broke out ， were burnt C.broke out ， burnt D.set out ， were burned
5. A new house ____ at the corner of the road.
A.is building B.is being built C.been bulit D.be building
6.English _____ in Australia. A.speaks B.are spoken C.is soeaking D.is spoken 7. His new book _____ next month.
A.will be published B.is publishing C.si beding published D.has been published
8. _____ the watch been repaired yet? I bably need it. A.Does B.Has C.Is D.Are
9. The flowers ___ _ often. A.must be water B.must be watered C.must watered D.must water
10. The pot ___ _ for ____ _ hot water.
A.used;keeping B.was used;keeping C.is used;to keep D.are used;keep
11. How dirty the tables are ! They need _____ . A.to clean B.clean C.cleaning D.cleaned
12. Newly-born babies _____ in hospital.
A.are taken good care B.are taken good care of C.take good care of D.take good care
13. The apple _____ very sweet. A.is tasted B.taste C.tastes D.are tasting
14.-What do you think of the TV play?
-Wonderful. It is worth _____ a second time.
A.watching B.watched C.seen D.seeing
15.A photo _____ each time that button ______ .
A.has taken;has pushed B.has been taken;has pushed C.is taken;will be pushed D.is taken;is pushed
CCDAD; BABBB; CBCAD 虛擬語氣配套練習(xí)
1.You didn′t let me drive. If we ____ in turn，you ____ so tired.
A.drove ;did′t B.drove wouldn′t get C.were driving;wouldn′t get D.had driven;wouldn′t have got
2. ____ ，we could not have finished the work on time.
A.If they do not help us B.Was it not for their help C.Should they other to help us D.But for their help
3. ____ today，he would get there by Friday.
A.Was he leaving B.If he in leaving C.Were he to leave D.If he leaves
4.If only I ____ how to operate a computer as you do!
A.had known B.would know C.should know D.knew
5. When a pencil is parly in a glass of water， it looks as if it ____ .
A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken
6. The chairman requested that ____ .
A.the members studied the problem more B.the problems were more carefully studied
C.the problems could be studied with more care D.the members study the problem more carefully
7. If I ____ you，I ____ more attention to English idioms and phrases.
A.was;shall pay B.am;will play C.would be;would pay D.were;would pay
8. We cannot imagine what our world ____ like without electric power. A.is B.will be C.would be D.were
9.There was a half smile on his face which suggested that be ____ happy to have given his life for his
country. A.was B.should be C.would be D.were
10. We all agreed to her suggestion that we ____ to the Great Wall for sightseeing.
A.will go B.go C.shall go D.should have gone
11. The young man insisted that he ____ nothing wrong and ____ free.
A.did;set B.had done;should be set C.do;be set D.had done;must be set
12. I lost your address，otherwise I ____ you long befor.
A.had visited B.have visited C.would have sisited 1D.should visit
13. ____ the rain we would have had a nice holiday. A.But that B.But for C.Despite D.In spite of
14. ____ no gravity ，there would be no air around the earth.
A.Were there B.There were C.Was there D.There be
15. It′s getting rather late.It′time we ____ . A.are going B.went C.go D.must go
16. They keep telling us that it is vital that we ____ there on time. A.are B.be C.must be D.would be
DDCDC; DDCAB; BCBAB; B (四)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用來表示能力、允許、許諾、可能、勸告、意愿等概念或態(tài)度。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無人稱變化，在句子中和動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。從這幾年的考試看，著重測(cè)驗(yàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞接完成時(shí)的用法，尤其是與虛擬語氣結(jié)合來考查學(xué)生的掌握情況。另外情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)也成為今年考查重點(diǎn)，須引起重視。
1.must+完成時(shí) 表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情的一種肯定的猜測(cè)
例1 Since this road is wet and slippery this morning，it ____ last night.
A.must rain B.was raining C.must have rained D.may rain
【答案】C(2004年11月35題)
例 2 I believe he ____ an accident，otherwise he would have arrived on time.
A.would have had B.could have had C.should have had D.must have had
【答案】D(2001年58題)
例3 Mr.Green ____ my letter，otherwise be would have replied before now.
A.must have received B.must have failed to receive C.must receive D.must fail to receive
【答案】B(1998年44題)
例4 She ___ be ill because I saw her playing tennis just now.A.can′t B.could′t C.mustn′t D.may not
【答案】A(2005年10月20題)
2、should(ought to)+完成時(shí) 表示應(yīng)該做的事情而沒有做，否定式表示不該做的事情做了。含有對(duì)
過去的動(dòng)作的責(zé)備、批評(píng)。
例1 You ought ____ the matter to the manager the day before yesterday.
A.oughtn′t to go B.hadn′t gone C.shouldn′t have gone D.mustn′have gone
【答案】C(2006年11月30題)
例2 You ought ____ the matter to the manager the day before yesterday.
A.to report B.to have reported C.to reporting D.have reported
【答案】B(2003年11月36題)
例3 I′m sorry I couldn′t get in touch with him before be left，I ____ him earlier.
A.had a telephone B.have phoned C.should have phoned D.should be phoned
【答案】C(2000年26題)考 易網(wǎng)提供
2.could/might + 完成時(shí) 表示能做的事情而沒有做。表示對(duì)過去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜、遺憾。
例1 He could have joined us，but he didn′t get our invitation in time.
他本來能夠和我們?cè)谝黄?，但是他沒有及時(shí)收到我們的請(qǐng)柬。
例2 He might have given you more help，but he was busy then.
他本來可以給你更多幫助的，但他那時(shí)很忙。
例3 He abandoned a career that _____ to his becoming one of the most influential people in the world.
A.could have led B.would lead C.should have led D.must lead
【答案】A(2005年11月33題) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞配套練習(xí)
1.-That car must have cost a lot of money. -Oh，no，_____.
A.it mustn′t B.it hasn′t C.it doesn′t D.it didn′t
2.You ____ read that article if you don′t want to. A.haven′t B.can′t C.mustn′t D.needn′
3. The road was muddy. It ____ last night.
A.must rained B.must have rained C.must be rained D.could have rained
4. I ____ asleep in the corner，for I remember nothing of what happened during the night.
A.might fall B.must fall C.must have fallen D.can have fallen
5. I′m feeling sick.I ____ so much chocolate.
A.needn′t have eaten B. couldn′t have eaten C. mustn′t have eaten D. shouldn′t have eaten
6. As he had heart attack，he was told that he_____continue the work.
A.needn′d B.may not C.mustn′t D. can′t
7. Mr.Green ____ my letter，otherwise he would have replied before now.
A.must have received B.must have failed to receive C.must receive D.must fail to receive
8. You could have done things they ought ____ .
A.didn′t you B. couldn′t you C. hadn′t you D.shouldn′t you
9.They have done things they ought ____ .
A.not to do B.not to be done C.not to have done D.not having done
10. Something must have happened on their way. Or they ____ by now.
A.should have arrived B.should arrive C.would have arrived D.would arrive
11. -I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.
-It ____ true because there was little snow there.
A.may not be B.won′t be C.couldn′t be D.mustn′be
12. -Shall we go skating or stay at home?
-Which ____ do yourself?
A.do you rather B.would you rather C.will you rather D.should you rather
13.I know things are hard with you，but you ____ try to get over the difficulties.
A.can B.may C.must D.ought
14. Someone is coming here. Who ____ it be? A.will B.shall C.must D.can
15. -May I stop here? -No，you ___ _ . A.mustn′t B.might not C.needn′t D.won′ (五)主謂一致
1、名詞physics“物理”，maths“數(shù)學(xué)”，news“新聞”，means“方法”等一般被認(rèn)為是形式上是復(fù)數(shù)、
而意思上是單數(shù)的名詞，它們作主語的時(shí)候動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。
例1 The news coming from different parts of the world are often extremely discouraging these days.
【答案】C(2000年63題) 應(yīng)該為is。
例2 Every means has been tried.每一種方法都試過了。
1.動(dòng)名詞、不定式、從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。考 易提供
例1 A number of errors made by him was surprising.
【答案】A(1998年66題) 應(yīng)該為The。
例2 A number of cars ____ in front of my house.A.was parked B.were parking C.is parking D.are parked
【答案】D
4、當(dāng)主語由as well as，along with，together with，including，accompanied by 等短語+名詞(代詞)時(shí)，主語與謂語的一致關(guān)系不受影響，主語是單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
例1 Professor Smith，along with his assistants，____ on the project day and night to meet the deadline，
A.work B.working C.is working D.are working
【答案】C (2007年4月37題)
例2 The teacher，as well as all his students，____ by the dancer′s performance.
A.was impressed B.had impressed C.impressed vv D.were impressed
【答案】A(2006年4月42題)
例3 Mr.Smith，together with his wife and children，____ going to the party this weekend.
A.am B.is C.are D.will
【答案】B(2004年11月28題)
5、當(dāng)用and連接的名詞前有each，every等修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。當(dāng)主語是each…and…，every…and every…，many a …and… 機(jī)構(gòu)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
例1 Many a singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. 許多歌唱家和舞蹈家將參加我們的晚會(huì)。
例2 In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. 在我們國(guó)家每個(gè)人都有接受教育的權(quán)利。
6、就近原則
由or，not only…but also…，either…or…，neither…nor…連接兩個(gè)并列的主語時(shí)，謂語的數(shù)和鄰近的主語一致。
例1 Either you or I am right. 不是你對(duì)就是我對(duì)。
例2 Not only Jane but also her family members were friendly to me.不僅是簡(jiǎn)，她的家人對(duì)我也很好。 主謂一致配套練習(xí)
1.____ was wrong.
A.Not the teacher but the students B.Both the students and the teacher
C.Neither the teacher not the students D.Not the students but the teacher
2. Ench man and woman ____ the same rights. A.has B.have C.had D.is having
3. - ____ twenty dollars a big sum to her?
- I suppose to.
A.Will be B.Is C.Are D.Were
4. All that you said ____ true. All ____ reading their textbooks when the teacher entered.
A.was;were B.were;was C.was;was D.were;were
5. Many a student ____ the improtance of learning a foreign language.
A.have realized B.has realized C.have been realized D.has been realized
6. This glass works ____ near the city. A.is B.are C.were D.be
7. The Philippines ____ to the south-east of China. A.lies B.lie C.lay D.lays
8. The president，accompanied by his assistants，___. A.have arrived B.are arriving C.had arrived D.has arrived
9. A number of cars ____ in front of the park. A.is parked B.was parked C.are parked D.has parked
10. In that country，the rich ____ richer，the poor poorer. A.become B.has become C.becomes D.in becoming
11. -What ____ the population of China? -One third of population ____ workers here.
A.is;are B.are;are C.is;is D.are;is
12. It seemed to me that what she saw and heard ____ very interesting. A.was B.were C.is D.are
13. Not only he but also we ____ right. He，as weel as we，____ right.
A.are;are B.are;is C.is;is D.is;are
14. Large quantities of water ____ for irrigation. A.is needed B.has needed C.are needed D.need
15. The teacher and writer ____ her fiend. A.are B.have C.is D.were
16. His selected poems ____ first published in 1965. A.were B.was C.has been D.is 二、非謂語動(dòng)詞
非謂語動(dòng)詞指的是在句中起名詞、形容詞和副詞作用的動(dòng)詞形式，而不是做謂語的動(dòng)詞形式。與謂語動(dòng)詞相比，非謂語動(dòng)詞既不能單獨(dú)作謂語，其形式又不受主語的人稱或數(shù)的限制。具體分三種：動(dòng)名詞、不定式和分詞。
(一)動(dòng)名詞
基本形式：
語法功能：在句子中可以充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。本部分將重點(diǎn)講解動(dòng)名詞基本用法、完成式以及帶邏輯邏輯主語時(shí)的用法。
動(dòng)名詞的基本用法。本節(jié)將著重講解其作賓語時(shí)的情況，這是考試經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn)。
只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞。
admit 承認(rèn) appreciate 贊賞，感激 finish 完成 avoid 避免，避開
imagine 想象 miss 錯(cuò)過 practice 練習(xí) delay 耽擱
mind 介意 consider 考慮 postpone 推遲 enjoy 享受
risk 冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn) suggest 建議
例1 She apologized for ____ to attend the meeting.
her being not able B.her to be not able C.her not to be able D.her not being able
【答案】A(2005年11月27題)
例2 I am considering ____ my job as I′m not getting on well with my boss.
A.changing B.to change C.changed D.to be changed
【答案】A(2004年4月31題)
(2)在下列慣用詞中，應(yīng)使用動(dòng)名詞。考 易網(wǎng)提供
1)can′t help+V-ing...禁不住=can′t help laughing=can′t but laugh
2)There is / It is no use (good ) +V-ing… ……沒有用
It is no use quarreling with her.與她爭(zhēng)吵是沒有用的。
3)be worth +V-ing… 值得……
4)be busy +V-ing 忙于……
5)feel like +V-ing 想……
6)What (How) about +V-ing…? ……如何?
7)spend + time + (in)+ V-ing… 花時(shí)間做……
8)have + a difficulty(困難)/trouble(麻煩)/ problem(問題)/good (hard)time(快樂/艱苦時(shí)刻)
+ (in)+ V-ing…
They have difficulty(in) communicating with each other.他們彼此間溝通有困難。
例1 You don′t know about the difficulty I had ____ the work then at all.
A.done B.to do C.for doing D.in doing
【答案】D (2007年4月17題)
例2 Do you feel like ____ today?
A.having something eaten B.having something to eat C.to have something eaten D.to have something to eat
【答案】B(2004年11月23題)
2、動(dòng)名詞的完成時(shí) 表示的動(dòng)作在謂語所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生時(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞的完成時(shí)。
例1 I don′t remember___ .
A.having something eaten B.having something to eat C.to have something eaten D.to have something to eat
【答案】C
例2 I regret having done such a thing. 我后悔做了這樣的事。
3、動(dòng)名詞的邏輯短語 當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語是代詞，可使用形容詞性的物主代詞或代詞的賓格。
例1 Whould you mind ____ the computer game in your room?
A. he play B.his playing C.him to play D.him play
【答案】B(2004年11月29題)
mind的后面要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語用物主代詞+動(dòng)名詞。本句的意思是：“我在你房間
里玩電腦游戲你介意嗎?”
例2 He forgot about ____ him to attend my wife′s birthday party.
A.I asking B.my asking C.me to ask D.mine to ask
【答案】B(1998年29題)
(二)不定式
基本形式：
主動(dòng)形式
被動(dòng)形式
一般時(shí)
（not）to make
（not）to be made
完成時(shí)
（not）to have made
（not）to have been made
進(jìn)行時(shí)
（not）to be making
（not）to be being made
語法功能：在句子中可以充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)足語。本部分將主要講解不定式的
基本用法、被動(dòng)式、完成式及其與動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別。
1、動(dòng)詞不定式的基本用法
動(dòng)詞不定式是一種非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，由不定式符號(hào)to加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，多與某些動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞
搭配。
(1)作主語
例：It is not easy ____ the answer to the difficult math problem.
A.to figure out B.figuring out C.figure out D.being figured out
【答案】A(2005年11月23題)
(2)作賓語 以下動(dòng)詞只能跟不定式作賓語。
afford 花費(fèi)得起，提供 appear好像 heppen碰巧 arrange安排 hope希望
attempt試圖 intend企圖 decide決定 learn學(xué)會(huì) plan計(jì)劃
expect期望 offer打算 pretend假裝 promise答應(yīng) refuse拒絕
fail未能 manage設(shè)法 fear害怕 want要想 wish希望
(3)作賓語補(bǔ)足語 動(dòng)詞+賓語+不帶to的不定式(do)作賓語補(bǔ)足語的情況，可以分類為三大類動(dòng)詞：
1)感官動(dòng)詞：see，watch，notice，look at，hear，listen to，semll，taste，feel
2)使役動(dòng)詞：make，let，have(使得)，help(可帶to，也可不帶to)
3)某些詞組：would rather，would/had better
例1 Who would you rather have ____ the computer，Mr.Lin or Mr.Chen?
A.repaired B.repair C.repairing D.to repair
【答案】B(2007年4月25題)
例2 The teacher has his students ____ a composition every other week.
A.to write B.written C.writing D.write
【答案】D(2005年11月37題)
當(dāng)感官和使役動(dòng)詞后面得不定式變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，必須加上to。
例：Henry is often seen ____ English aloud every morning in the classroom.
A.read B.readsC.readingD.to read
【答案】D (2004年11月31題)
(4)作狀語
例1 ____ a teacher，one must first be a pupil. A.Being B.Having been C.To be D.To have been
【答案】C(2006年4月31題) 在這里不定式作目的狀語。
例2 We hurried to the station ____ find ourselves three hours earlier for the train.
A.only to B.in order to C.so as so D.such as to
【答案】A(2006年11月17題)在這里，不定式作結(jié)果狀語。
(5)作定語。通常后置，放于被修飾詞的后面，與前面被修飾的詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。
例：The question ____ at the meeting tomorrow is very important.
A.to discuss B.being discussed C.to be discussed D.will be discussed
【答案】C(2004年11月34題)本句的意思是：“明天會(huì)上要討論的問題非常重要?！?BR> 2、動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式
當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的對(duì)象時(shí)(或動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí))，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)式。我們
通過幾道真題來體會(huì)。
例1 Pierre often makes himself ____ by gesturing with his hands.
A.to understand B.understanding C.to be understood D.understood
【答案】D(2004年11月45題)根據(jù)使役動(dòng)詞后賓語和補(bǔ)語的關(guān)系確定使用主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
例2 We shall ask for samples ____ and then wen can make our decision.
A.to be sent B.being sent C.to sent D.to have been sent
【答案】A(2003年4月17題)本句的意思：“我們要求把產(chǎn)品的樣品送來，然后才能作出決定。”
例3 The ability ____ is very important for any speaker.
A.to hear clearly B.to be clearly heard C.to hearing clearly D.to being clearly heard
【答案】B(199年39題)本句的意思：“發(fā)言人的一個(gè)重要能力就是讓大家都聽清楚說話。”
注意：區(qū)別使役動(dòng)詞后賓補(bǔ)的形式：
have sth. done表示這個(gè)動(dòng)作有別人來做，這是省去to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
have sb. do sth.表示讓某人做某事。 例1 Excuse me ，but it is time to have your temperature____. A.taking B.taken C.took D.take
【答案】B(2003年11月38題)
例2 I′ll ____ _ that I′m a qualified engineer.
A.have you know B.have known you C.have you knowing D.have you konwn
【答案】A(2003年4月25題)
例3 We are going to have our office ____ to make room for a new engineer.
【答案】C(2002年50題)不定式在easy，difficult，hard，heavy，pleasant等形容詞后作狀語，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)。
例4 One of the benefits of the new model is that it is easier ____ than the old one.
A.operating B.to be operated C.to operate D.operated
【答案】C(2003年4月13題) 相當(dāng)于：To operate it is easier than to operate the old one.
相信通過真正理解這幾道例題，考生會(huì)對(duì)不定式的被動(dòng)式有更直觀、更深刻的認(rèn)識(shí)。
3、動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式
表示不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子謂語所表示的動(dòng)作之前。因此考生不但要熟練掌握動(dòng)詞的不定式，還要理解好句意。
例：Charles Babbage is Generally considered ____ the first computers.
A .to invernt B.inventing C.to have invented D.having invented
【答案】C (2007年4月19題)
4、不定式與動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別
(1) 有的動(dòng)詞后的toj既可以是不定式符號(hào)，又可以是介詞，使用時(shí)要特別注意區(qū)別。
例1 We look forward to ____ to the opening ceremony.
A.invite B.be invited C.having been invited D.being calling
【答案】D (2003年11月37題)
look forward to 短語中的to是介詞，因此其后要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，又根據(jù)題意，要用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式。笨句的意思是;“我們都盼望著能被邀請(qǐng)參加開幕式?！?BR> 例2 You don’t object ____ you bu your first name，do you?
A.for me to call B.me to call C.to my calling D.my calling
【答案】C (1996年21題) Object to 中的to是介詞，故接動(dòng)名詞做賓語。
(2) stop 和go on后面接不定式和動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別。
動(dòng)名詞表示停下或繼續(xù)正在做的事情;不定式表示停下以便做某事或改做另外一件事。
例1 The old man walked slowly. Stopping frequently ____ . A.on rest B.at rest C.resting D.to rest
【答案】D (1999年29題) 本句中“to rest”做目的狀語，意思為“停下來的目的是為了休息?！?BR> 例2 He began by showing us where the country was and went on ____ us about its climate.
A.telling B.to tell C.to telling D.to be told
【答案】B (2006年11月24題)
(3)remember，forge，，regret接不定式和動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別。
remember，forget，regret + doing sth.表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生正在過去。
remember，forget，regret + to do sth.表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生。
例1 Don’t forget ____ the window before leaving the room.
A.to have closed B.to close C.having closed D.closing
【答案】B (2001年28題) “to close”表示一個(gè)在“l(fā)eaving”之后發(fā)生的將來的動(dòng)作。
例2 I remember giving the letter to him.我記得把信給他了。
“giving”表示一個(gè)在“remember” 之前放生過的動(dòng)作。
例3 I regret to say that you didn’t pass the exam.我很抱歉的告訴你，你沒通過考試。(對(duì)馬上要說這件事表示抱歉)
We regret telling her the truth.我們后悔告訴了她真相。(已經(jīng)告訴了她，現(xiàn)在后悔)
(4) mean 后面加to do 表示：打算，企圖做某事;加 V-ing則表示：意味著要做某事。
例1 Being a student means studying hard. 作為一個(gè)學(xué)生，意味著你要好好學(xué)習(xí)。
例2 John really upset Granny，but I’m sure he did not mean to. 約翰真讓奶奶心煩，不過我相信他無意的。
例3 I meant ____ you，but I’m afraid Iforgot. A.ringing B.being ringing C.to ringing D.to ring
【答案】D (2006年11月18題) (三)分詞
分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞(V-ing)和過去分詞(V-ed)。下面將著重講解兩者的基本用法、區(qū)別及其獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
1、分詞在詞語中的作用：兩者都可以在句中擔(dān)任定語、表語、狀語、補(bǔ)語、和獨(dú)立主格
例1.I walked out of the cinema, ____ to retuen to see the wonderful film the next Sunday.
A.determine B.being determined C.determined D.to be determined
【答案】C (2007年4月21題) 過去分詞在這里作伴隨狀語。
例2 Before the gusts come,I must get the glasses ____ .
A.washed B.to be washed C.being washed D.to wash
【答案】A (2007年4月24題) 過去分詞在這里做賓語補(bǔ)足語。
例3 John, ____ the bet,had to pay for the dinner.
A.lost B.having lost C.losing D.having loss
【答案】B (2004年4月33題) 現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí)在這里作原因狀語。
2、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞區(qū)別：主要在于現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng),動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行;過去分詞表示被動(dòng),動(dòng)作完成。
例1 Is there any possibility of getting the price ____ further?
A.reduced B.reduce C.reducing D.be reduced
【答案】A (2006年11月20題)
get sth.done 結(jié)構(gòu)中,sth.與后面動(dòng)詞為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。若選現(xiàn)在分詞的話則為主謂關(guān)系。
例2 .Today the police can watch cars ____ on roads by radar. A.run B.to run C.running D.to be run
【答案】C((2005年4月45題) 在這里,現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，且為主動(dòng)。
例3 She told me that it was the most ____ gift her daughter had received.
A.delighting B.delighted C.delights D.delight
【答案】A(2003年38題)
現(xiàn)在分詞修飾的是事物,常譯作“令人……”，具有主動(dòng)的意思。過去分詞修飾人,常譯作“感到……”
,具有被動(dòng)的意思。又如：the moved audience受感動(dòng)的觀眾,a moving film 感人的電影。
3、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式和過去分詞的區(qū)別
例1 Standing on the bank,the children watched the ship ____ with all kinds of goods.
A.loading B.being loaded C.to be loaded D.having loaded
【答案】B(2000年23題)
例2 The interviewer should take down notes at the moment the person ____ answers the questions.
A.to be interviewed B.interviewing C.being interviewed D.interviewed
【答案】C(1997年33題)現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式,表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生,且表被動(dòng)。
例3 We found the cake eaten by Tom.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)是湯姆吃了蛋糕。
過去分詞表示動(dòng)作的完成結(jié)果。
4、分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語關(guān)系
(1)二者一致時(shí),分詞形式要由動(dòng)詞與主語的關(guān)系決定。
例1 ____ tired after a hard work,she fell into bed and went straight to sleep.
A.Felt B.Feeling C.Being felt D.To feel
【答案】B(1998年50題) feel 為系動(dòng)詞,因此用表示主動(dòng)的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示伴隨狀態(tài)。
例2 Arriving at the bus stop, ____ waiting there.
A.he found a lot of people B.a lot of people were C.he found a lot of people’s D.people were found
【答案】A(1996年37題) 分詞短語作伴隨狀語時(shí),和主句共用一個(gè)主語。
(2)當(dāng)分詞短語帶有自己的邏輯主語時(shí),則要涉及分詞的獨(dú)立主格形式(一般由名詞擔(dān)任)。
例1 All things ____,the planned trip had to be called off.
A.considering B.be considered C.considering D.having considered
【答案】A(2006年4月23題)
例2 Classes ____,the students left for home without delay. A.were over B.being C.are over D.over
【答案】B(2004年18題)
當(dāng)分詞短語有自己的主語而且又和主句的主語不一致的時(shí)候,要用分詞的獨(dú)立主格，因此只有B符合語法結(jié)構(gòu)。本句的意思為：“下課后,同學(xué)們一點(diǎn)沒有耽擱，直接回家了?！狈衷~的獨(dú)立主格作時(shí)間狀語。
例3 ____,We decided to leave at once,as we didn’t want to risk missing the bus.
A.As it being pretty late B.It being pretty late C.It was being pretty late D.Being pretty late
【答案】B((2004年11月26題)
本題考查的也是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因此B為正確答案。本句的意思是：“已經(jīng)很晚了,我們決定立刻離開,因?yàn)槲覀儾幌胝`車?！?BR> 例4 The plane crashed ,its bombs ____ as it hit the ground.
A.exploded B.were exoloded C.exploding D.were exploding
【答案】C(1999年43題)
我們?cè)趤砜磶椎谰毩?xí),強(qiáng)化這部分知識(shí)：
Weather permitting,We’ll go to the Summer Palace.
如果天氣允許的話,我們?nèi)ヮU和園。分詞的獨(dú)立主格作條件狀語。
It being Sunday,you needn’t go to school.因?yàn)槭切瞧谔?，你用不著去上學(xué)。分詞的獨(dú)立主格作原因狀語。
All the work done,you can have a rest.所有的工作都完成了，你可以休息了。分詞獨(dú)立主格作條件狀語。
5、with (without) 引導(dǎo)的分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)
例1 With the bridge ____ ,there was nothing for it but to swim.
A.was destroyed B.destroying C.being destroyed D. destroyed
【答案】D(2005年4月39題) 這里過去分詞表示被動(dòng)，With 結(jié)構(gòu)表示原因。
例2 With the flowers ____ everywhere,the park looks beautiful.
A.to bloom B.blooming C.be blooming D.to be blooming
【答案】B(2004年4月38題)
with 后面接復(fù)合賓語,因?yàn)橘e語the flowers和賓語不足語之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞,B為正確答案。本句的意思是：“到處鮮花盛開,公園非常美麗?！?BR> 例3 With the old man ____ the way,we ha no trouble in find that mysterious cave.
A.leading B.led C.lead D.to be led
【答案】A(2000年27題)
出題思路和上例基本相同。本句的意思是：“有老人帶路,我們毫不費(fèi)力地找到了那個(gè)神秘的山洞。” 三、從句
英語中從句包括：名詞從句、定語從句和狀語從句。這部分內(nèi)容較為復(fù)雜，我們將逐一講解。
(一)名詞從句
名詞從句包括主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。
1、主語從句
在句子中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語的是一個(gè)從句，這個(gè)從句就叫主語從句。主語從句可以由下列連詞、連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)，且不能省略。
連詞：that，whether
連接代詞：what，whatover，who，whoever等
連接副詞：when，where，how，why
(1)由連詞that，whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句
連詞that，whether在主語從句中的作用只是引導(dǎo)主語從句，在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，不能省略，且由它們引導(dǎo)的主語從句，多用it做形式主語。
例1 ___you don’t know the rule won’t be a sufficient for your failure. A.It is B.That C.Because D.What
【答案】B(2007年4月27題)
例2 That the earth is round is true.(=It is true the earth is round..)地球是圓的，這是和事實(shí)。
(2)由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句。
What有時(shí)可以用來表示the thing whitch這種意思，引導(dǎo)從句，表示一樣?xùn)|西或一件事情。它們分別在從句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語或狀語，不能省略。注意翻譯時(shí)不能把它們譯為疑問句。由它們引導(dǎo)的主語從句，也可以用形式主語it引導(dǎo)。who，whom，whitch，what可以和ever構(gòu)成合成詞，和what一樣引導(dǎo)從句，ever起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。此類句子不能用形式主語it引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)詞在句子中擔(dān)任成分，不能省略，語序?yàn)殛愂鼍涞恼Z序。
例1 ____ was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality. A.What B.That C.Which D.As
【答案】A(2004年11月27題)
What在從句中作主語。本句的意思是：“曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為是不可能的事如今變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。”
例2 ____ I saw was two men crossing the street. A.What B.Whom C.Who D.That
【答案】A(2001年38題)
例3 ____ was not the way the event happened.
A.Which the press reported B.That the press reported
C.What did the press report D.What the press reported
【答案】D(1998年24題) 主語從句，what在從句中作賓語。
(3)由連接副詞when，where，how，why引導(dǎo)的主語從句。
例1 When we’ll start is not clear(=It is not clear when we’ll start.)我們何時(shí)出發(fā)還不清楚。
例2 ____ he says or does won’t make me change my mind at all. A.Whatever B.However C.Which D.How
【答案】D(2006年4月19題)
(4)句型It is desirable (suggested，necessary，requested，ordered，proposed，urgent)+that+主語+should(可省略)+V(動(dòng)詞原形)。
例1 It’s urgent that a meeting ____ before the final decision is made.
A.will be arranged B.must be arranged C.be arranged D.would be arranged
【答案】C(2003年4月45題)
例2 It is highly desirable that a new president ____ for this university.
A.is appointed B.will be appointed C. be appointed D.has been appointed
【答案】C(1997年52題) 2、表語從句
(1)在從句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。它位于主句中的系動(dòng)詞之后，常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞和主語從句相同。
例1 Isn’t that ____ they call peace and friendship? A.which B.this C.what D.where
【答案】C(2004年4月27題)
例2 This is what he wants.這就是他想要的東西。
例3 The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow morning.
問題是我們明天上午能否完成任務(wù)。
(2)用suggestion，advice，order等詞表示愿望、建議、命令等情緒時(shí)，用虛擬語氣，從句中用should(可省略)+動(dòng)詞原形。
例1 My suggestion yesterday was that a metting ____ to discuss the matter.
A.should hold B.must be held C.would be held D.be held
【答案】D(2007年4月23題)
例2 The doctor’sadvice was that the patient ____ at once.
A.to be operated B.being operated C.be operated D.operated
【答案】C(2005年11月34題)
例3 The general’s command was that the soldiers ____ their fort and carry out more important tasks.
A.would leave B.leave C.left D.have left
【答案】B(2002年48題)
(一)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)
動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)指的是作謂語的動(dòng)詞用來表示動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)發(fā)生時(shí)間的各種形式。英語中共16種動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。
現(xiàn)在：1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、4現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
過去：5一般過去時(shí)、6過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、7過去完成時(shí)、8過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
將來：9一般將來時(shí)、10將來進(jìn)行時(shí)、11將來完成時(shí)、12將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
過去將來：13一般過去將來時(shí)、14過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)、15過去將來完成時(shí)、16過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
這部分常考知識(shí)點(diǎn)有：
(1)條件、時(shí)間、讓步狀語從句中的“主將從現(xiàn)”。
(2)一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別。考 易網(wǎng)提供
(3)將來完成時(shí)。
1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
(1)表示經(jīng)常如發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)：常和always，usually，often，sometimes，every day，every
week等時(shí)間狀語連用。例：He goes to work every day。他每天去上班。
(2)表示普遍的真理。由于是眾所周知的客觀事實(shí)，所以一般不用時(shí)間狀語。
例：The earth is round. 地球是圓的。
(3)有些表示心理狀態(tài)或感情的動(dòng)詞往往用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
例：I don′t think you are right. 我認(rèn)為你錯(cuò)了。
(4)在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中表示將來的動(dòng)作，遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”的原則。常用的連詞有as soon as，
when，until，if，unless。我們?cè)诖艘萌勒骖}。
例1-When are you going to visit your uncle in Chicago?
-As soon as ____ _ our work for tomorrow.
A.we′re complete B. we′d complete C. we′ll complete D. we complete
答案【D】(2003年11月34題)
例2 They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they ____ their exams.
A.have finished B.finsh C.finished D.was finishing
答案【B】(1996年22題)
例3 When the mixture ____ ，it will give off a powerful force.
A.will heat B.will be heated C.is heated D.has heated
答案【C】(1992年5題)
2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
(1)表示此時(shí)此刻(說話時(shí))正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
例：The teacher is talking with his students.老師正在與學(xué)生們談話。
(2)表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
例：I am attending a conference in New York. 我正在紐約參加一個(gè)會(huì)議。 3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
(1)表示動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束(常和just，now，already，yet等詞連用);或表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果(一般不用
時(shí)間狀語)
例1 Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明剛剛把燈關(guān)上。(說明現(xiàn)在燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了)
例2 I has lost my pen. 我把筆丟了。(說明過去某時(shí)丟的，現(xiàn)在我還沒有找到這支筆)
(2)表示過去某時(shí)開始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且可能會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下午(常與由since 引導(dǎo)的短語
或從句，或由for引導(dǎo)的短語連用)。
例1 He has ____ the army for ten years and is now an officer. 他入伍10年，現(xiàn)為軍官。(現(xiàn)在還在軍中)
A.gone into B.joined in C.been in D.come into
【答案】C(1995年49題)
例2 They′ve known each other since childhood.他們從小認(rèn)識(shí)。(現(xiàn)在還繼續(xù)來往)
(3)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和it is + 時(shí)間 + since... (過去的)
英語中有些動(dòng)詞不能延續(xù)，因?yàn)椴荒芎捅硎狙永m(xù)的時(shí)間狀語連用(如for ten years)
例：It is ten years since he left home and joined the army.他離鄉(xiāng)入伍已10年。
對(duì)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表達(dá)完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)常用it is+時(shí)間+since... 的句型代替，從句用過去時(shí)態(tài)。
(4)have (has) been to和have (has) gone to的區(qū)別：
have (has) been to：去過某地(表示某人的一種經(jīng)歷)，可以和once，twice，often，never，ever連用。
have (has) gone to：去某地了(表示某人已經(jīng)離開本地，在去某地的路途上或已在某地，所以一般來說此句只用于第三人稱)，此句型不能與上述時(shí)間狀語連用。
例1 He has gone to America. 他已經(jīng)去了美國(guó)。(現(xiàn)在不在本地)
例2 He has been to America twice. 他(曾經(jīng))去過美國(guó)兩次。
4、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
表示從過去某時(shí)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作一般會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去，或是到說話時(shí)結(jié)束，但是強(qiáng)調(diào)說話時(shí)為止一直在做的動(dòng)作。
例1 I ____ on the door for ten minutes now without an answer.
A.was knocking B.am knocking C.knocking D.have been knocking
【答案】D (1998年49題) now 表示敲門動(dòng)作持續(xù)進(jìn)行一直到現(xiàn)在
例2 Since he left the university， he ____ in an accounting company.
A.has been working B.had worked C.had been working D.have been knocking
【答案】A (2006年4月16題)表示自大學(xué)畢業(yè)起一直在會(huì)計(jì)公司工作。 1、一般過去時(shí)
(1)表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和具體的過去時(shí)間狀語連用，如just now，last year，when I was 18 years old等。
例：You′ve already missed too many classes this term.You ____ two classes just last week.
A.missed B.would miss C.had missed D.have missed
【答案】A (1995年59題)
(2)used to do sth.過去常常做……
例：I used to take a walk in the morning.我過去是在早晨散步。(意味著現(xiàn)在不在早晨散步了)
注意：
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：
一般過去時(shí)主要表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或存在過的狀態(tài)。這種動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與現(xiàn)在沒有任何聯(lián)系。它只是表示過去發(fā)生過(或已完成)，過去存在過。句中往往有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語。如：just now，last year，when I was 18 years old等。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則是由現(xiàn)在回顧過去的一種狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“是否曾經(jīng)有過怎么一回事，該事完成后一流下來的影響或結(jié)果”。絕對(duì)不能使用指定過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)的時(shí)間狀語。常與下列副詞連用：aleady，recently，yet，before，just，ever，never，since，so far，in (over，during) the past few years 等。上面舉的例子就能很好地體現(xiàn)這一區(qū)別。
2、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
(1)表示在過去某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常需用表示過去的時(shí)間狀語或通過上下文萊判斷時(shí)間。
例子：He was doing his homework form seven to nine last night.昨天晚上7點(diǎn)到9點(diǎn)他正在做作業(yè)。
(2)when和while的用法區(qū)別：
when 表示一定特定時(shí)間點(diǎn)，其所引導(dǎo)的句子用過去時(shí)，while表示持續(xù)的一段時(shí)間，其所引導(dǎo)的句子用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
例1 I fell and hurt muself while I ____ tennis. A.was playing B.am playing C.play D.played
【答案】A(1983年43題)
例2 When you ____ this over with her，you should not see her any more.
A.talk B.talked C.will talk D.talking
【答案】B(1999年35題)
例2One of the guards ____ when the general came in，which made him very angry.
A.has slept B.were sleeping C.slept D.was sleeping
【答案】D(1996年23題)
(3)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將來的作用?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來的動(dòng)作。同樣過去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以表示
從過去某時(shí)間看將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
例：He went to see Xiao Li. He was leaving early the next morning. 他去看小李。他第二天一早就要離開此地了。 3、過去完成時(shí)
(1)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作(即過去的過去)。這個(gè)過去的某一時(shí)間可用
by，before等介詞或連詞引導(dǎo)的短語或一個(gè)從句來表示。
例1 When I went to visit Mrs. Smith last week, I was told she ____ two days before.
A.has left B.was leaving C.would leave D.had left
【答案】D(2003年11月40題)
例2 About the sixth century A.D. when few Europeans could read，the Chinese ____ paper.
A.inented B.had inwented C.have inented D.had been invented
【答案】B(1997年35題)
(2)表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始，一直持續(xù)到另一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。
例：The chemistry class ____ for live minutes when we hurried there.
A.had been on B.was on C.has been on D.would be on
【答案】A(1995年24題)
(3)在含有before，after，as soon as 等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，由于連詞本身可以明確表
示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序，因此主句和從句都可以用一般過去時(shí)表示，而不用過去完成時(shí)。
例：I called him as soon as I arrived. 我剛一到就給他打電話。
(4)過去完成時(shí)常用在 no sooner … than …，hardly/scarcely/barely…when…，“一…就…”句型之中，句子倒裝。
例1 No sooner had we sat down ____ we found it was time to go. A.than B.when C.as D.while
例2 Scarcely had he opened the door when a gust of wind blew the candle out. 他剛打開門，蠟燭就被一陣風(fēng)催滅了。
注意：
一般過去時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：
兩者都表示的動(dòng)作，但一般過去時(shí)表示相當(dāng)于現(xiàn)在的過去時(shí)間，而過去完成時(shí)則表示相當(dāng)于過去某一時(shí)刻的過去，即過去的過去。過去曾經(jīng)做過的事，應(yīng)該用過去時(shí)。過去完成時(shí)一般表示兩個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作的一先一后。過去完成時(shí)單獨(dú)使用時(shí)要用by引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語表示“到……時(shí)候?yàn)橹埂?，如?BR> I finished the work yesterday.
They had fulfilled their task by the end of last year.
4、一般將來時(shí)
(1)will(shall)+ 原形動(dòng)詞：表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)
例：He will come and help you. 他回來幫助你的。
(2)be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形：表示馬上就要發(fā)生的事情或打算好要做的事。
例：Are you going to attend the lecture? 你打算去聽這個(gè)講座嗎?
(3)be to + 動(dòng)詞原形：表示安排或計(jì)劃好了的動(dòng)作。
例：The Five-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day. 五環(huán)路將在國(guó)慶節(jié)前通車。
(4)be about to + 動(dòng)詞原形：表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
例：The lecture is about to begin. 講座即將開始。
(5)某些表示開始、終結(jié)、往來行動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如：go，come，start，arrive，leave等，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示將來。
例1 We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我們明天動(dòng)身去北京
例2 The foreign guests are arriving in Shnghai tonight.
9、將來完成時(shí)
表示在將來某一時(shí)間以前完成的動(dòng)作。這是近年來考試的重點(diǎn)。其句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)就是will have hone. 我們下面通過幾道真題來講解這一語法點(diǎn)。
例1 By next year he ____ in New York for live years.
A.has worked B.has been working C.works D.will have worked
【答案】D (2004年11月30題)
本劇的意思是：到明年為止，他在紐約已經(jīng)工作了5年了。
補(bǔ)充：如果句子中由by引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語，句子需要用完成時(shí);by后跟的是將來的時(shí)間，句子需要用將來完成時(shí)，表示將來某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，如
By next Friday, he will have studied here for three years.到下周五，他在這里學(xué)習(xí)就要滿3年了。
例2 By the end of next year they ____ together for twenty years.
A.will have worked B.had worked C.would work D.have worked
【答案】A (2001年48題) 本句的意思是：到明年年底為止，他們已經(jīng)一起工作了20年。
例3I ____ writing the article by the time you get back.
A.shall finish B.must have finished C.have finished D.shall have finsihed
【答案】D(2000年24題)本句的意思是：到你回來的時(shí)候，我會(huì)完成這篇論文。 10、將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
這一語言點(diǎn)在近的考試中也有所考查。句型結(jié)構(gòu)為will have been doing。
例：By the time you arrive this evening, ____ for two hours.
A.I will study B.I will have been studied C.I had studied D.I will have been studying
【答案】D(2004年11月41題)本句的意思是：到今晚你來的時(shí)候，我就已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。
動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)配套練習(xí)
1. Mary ____ in the garden when it began to rain.
A.was walking B.walked C.walking D.had waked
2. English ____in a new way at my college in the past few years.
A.has been teaching B.was being taught C.has been taught D.has been taught
3. Smith is to study medicine as soon as be ____ military service.
A.will finish B has finished C finish D would finish
4. Please be sure to telephone me the next time you ____ .
A.will come B.would come C.shall come D.come
5. When I got to the top of the mountain , the sun ____.
A.shone B.shines C.has shone D.was shining
6. Return the book immediately to the library as soon as you ____ with it.
A.finish B.are finished C.have finished D.are finishing
7. -How are you feeling?
-I have been feeling better since ____ .
A.the orctor has come B.the doctor will come C.the doctor had come D.the doctor came
8. The chemistry class ____ for five minutes when we hurried there.
A.had been on B.was on C.has been on D.would be on
9. By the time Juan gets home, her aunt ____ .
A.will have B.leaves C.will have left D.is leaving
10. You′ve already missed too many classes this term.You ___ two classes just last week.
A.missed B.would miss C.had missed D.have missed
11. One of the guards ____ when the general came in, which made him very angry.
A.has slept B.were sleeping C.slept D.was sleeping
12. Dr.Robert went to New York, bought some books and ____ .
A.visiting his daughter B.to visit his daughter C.visit his daughter D.visited his daughter
13.I ____writing the article by the time you get back.
A.shall finish B.must have finished C.have finished D.shall have finished
14. There is a knock on the door. It is the second time someone ____ me this evening.
A.interrupted B.has interrupted C.would interrupt D.interrupt
15. -Is there anything wrong?
-No，so far I ____ no trouble.
A.have had B.had C.have D.had had
16. No one can be sure if the car on display fits him or her until he or she _____ them.
A.tries B.will try C.are trying D.has tried
ACBDD; CDACA; DDDBAA (二)被動(dòng)語態(tài)
| 時(shí)間狀態(tài) | 一般 | 進(jìn)行 | 完成 |
| 現(xiàn)在 | be done | be being done | have been done |
| 過去 | was/were done | was/were being done | had been done |
| 將來 | will be done | will be being done | will have been done |
考試重點(diǎn)：謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài);感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài);用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的含義。
1、謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)：基本形式見上面表格，多結(jié)合時(shí)態(tài)來考查。
例1 The goods ____ when we arrived at the airport.
A.were just unloading B.wrer just been unloading C.had just unloaded D.were just being unloaded
【答案】D(2006年4月22題)
例2 He _____ when the bus came to a sudden stop.
A.was almost hurt B.was almost to hurt himself C.was almost hurt himself D.was almost hurting himself
【答案】A(2005年4月33題)
2、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞
例：I can′t find the recorder in the room. It _____ by somebody.
A. must have taken B.may have taken C.may have been taken D.should have been taken
【答案】C(2003年11月22題)
此題考察的是綜合知識(shí)點(diǎn)。首先是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，錄音機(jī)被人拿走了。另外還考察了情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加完成式表 考 易網(wǎng)提供
示對(duì)過去時(shí)間的推測(cè)。
3、感官動(dòng)詞及使役動(dòng)詞(如：see，feel，hear，watch，make，bid)在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中用無to不定式作賓
補(bǔ)，改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)不定式前要加to
例1 Because of many mistakes，she was made _____ these letters again.
A.tape B.to typing C.typed D.to type
【答案】D(2006年11月22題)本句的意思是：因?yàn)殄e(cuò)誤太多，她又把字重新打了一遍。
4、用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的含義
(1)need/require+doing sth.(=to be done)(此句型主語大多為物)。
例1 It is hot and dry;the flowers need _____ . A.being watered B.be watered C.to water D.to be watered
【答案】D(2006年11月23題)本句的意思是：天氣又熱又干燥，花需要澆水。
例2 My room is a mess.It needs _____ . A.to be tidying up B.tidying up C.to tidy up D.tidied up
【答案】B(2000年47題)本句的意思是：我的房間很亂，需要收拾。
(2)sell，wash，read，write，run等動(dòng)詞帶狀語修飾時(shí)。
例：This kind of clothes sells well.這種衣服賣得很好。The pen writes smoothly.這支筆書寫流利。
(3)主語 + sound(feel，look，smell，taste)+形容詞。
例：The dish ____ _ terrible!I don′t like it at all. A.tastes B.tasted C.will taste D.is tasted
【答案】A(2005年11月19題) 本句的意思是：這盤菜太難吃了，我一點(diǎn)也不喜歡。 被動(dòng)語態(tài)配套練習(xí)
1. This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen ____ comfortably.
A.in worn B.wearing C.wears D.are worn
2. The middle-aged man was seen _____ out of the house on the afternoon of the murder.
A.came B.come C.to come D.have come
3. This out-of-date teaching method ___ _ .
A.must do away with B.must have done away with C.must being done away with D.must be done away wish
4. A fire _____ during the night and a large number of houses ____ _ to ashes.
A.broke out ， were burnt B.was broke out ， were burnt C.broke out ， burnt D.set out ， were burned
5. A new house ____ at the corner of the road.
A.is building B.is being built C.been bulit D.be building
6.English _____ in Australia. A.speaks B.are spoken C.is soeaking D.is spoken 7. His new book _____ next month.
A.will be published B.is publishing C.si beding published D.has been published
8. _____ the watch been repaired yet? I bably need it. A.Does B.Has C.Is D.Are
9. The flowers ___ _ often. A.must be water B.must be watered C.must watered D.must water
10. The pot ___ _ for ____ _ hot water.
A.used;keeping B.was used;keeping C.is used;to keep D.are used;keep
11. How dirty the tables are ! They need _____ . A.to clean B.clean C.cleaning D.cleaned
12. Newly-born babies _____ in hospital.
A.are taken good care B.are taken good care of C.take good care of D.take good care
13. The apple _____ very sweet. A.is tasted B.taste C.tastes D.are tasting
14.-What do you think of the TV play?
-Wonderful. It is worth _____ a second time.
A.watching B.watched C.seen D.seeing
15.A photo _____ each time that button ______ .
A.has taken;has pushed B.has been taken;has pushed C.is taken;will be pushed D.is taken;is pushed
CCDAD; BABBB; CBCAD 虛擬語氣配套練習(xí)
1.You didn′t let me drive. If we ____ in turn，you ____ so tired.
A.drove ;did′t B.drove wouldn′t get C.were driving;wouldn′t get D.had driven;wouldn′t have got
2. ____ ，we could not have finished the work on time.
A.If they do not help us B.Was it not for their help C.Should they other to help us D.But for their help
3. ____ today，he would get there by Friday.
A.Was he leaving B.If he in leaving C.Were he to leave D.If he leaves
4.If only I ____ how to operate a computer as you do!
A.had known B.would know C.should know D.knew
5. When a pencil is parly in a glass of water， it looks as if it ____ .
A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken
6. The chairman requested that ____ .
A.the members studied the problem more B.the problems were more carefully studied
C.the problems could be studied with more care D.the members study the problem more carefully
7. If I ____ you，I ____ more attention to English idioms and phrases.
A.was;shall pay B.am;will play C.would be;would pay D.were;would pay
8. We cannot imagine what our world ____ like without electric power. A.is B.will be C.would be D.were
9.There was a half smile on his face which suggested that be ____ happy to have given his life for his
country. A.was B.should be C.would be D.were
10. We all agreed to her suggestion that we ____ to the Great Wall for sightseeing.
A.will go B.go C.shall go D.should have gone
11. The young man insisted that he ____ nothing wrong and ____ free.
A.did;set B.had done;should be set C.do;be set D.had done;must be set
12. I lost your address，otherwise I ____ you long befor.
A.had visited B.have visited C.would have sisited 1D.should visit
13. ____ the rain we would have had a nice holiday. A.But that B.But for C.Despite D.In spite of
14. ____ no gravity ，there would be no air around the earth.
A.Were there B.There were C.Was there D.There be
15. It′s getting rather late.It′time we ____ . A.are going B.went C.go D.must go
16. They keep telling us that it is vital that we ____ there on time. A.are B.be C.must be D.would be
DDCDC; DDCAB; BCBAB; B (四)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用來表示能力、允許、許諾、可能、勸告、意愿等概念或態(tài)度。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無人稱變化，在句子中和動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。從這幾年的考試看，著重測(cè)驗(yàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞接完成時(shí)的用法，尤其是與虛擬語氣結(jié)合來考查學(xué)生的掌握情況。另外情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)也成為今年考查重點(diǎn)，須引起重視。
1.must+完成時(shí) 表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情的一種肯定的猜測(cè)
例1 Since this road is wet and slippery this morning，it ____ last night.
A.must rain B.was raining C.must have rained D.may rain
【答案】C(2004年11月35題)
例 2 I believe he ____ an accident，otherwise he would have arrived on time.
A.would have had B.could have had C.should have had D.must have had
【答案】D(2001年58題)
例3 Mr.Green ____ my letter，otherwise be would have replied before now.
A.must have received B.must have failed to receive C.must receive D.must fail to receive
【答案】B(1998年44題)
例4 She ___ be ill because I saw her playing tennis just now.A.can′t B.could′t C.mustn′t D.may not
【答案】A(2005年10月20題)
2、should(ought to)+完成時(shí) 表示應(yīng)該做的事情而沒有做，否定式表示不該做的事情做了。含有對(duì)
過去的動(dòng)作的責(zé)備、批評(píng)。
例1 You ought ____ the matter to the manager the day before yesterday.
A.oughtn′t to go B.hadn′t gone C.shouldn′t have gone D.mustn′have gone
【答案】C(2006年11月30題)
例2 You ought ____ the matter to the manager the day before yesterday.
A.to report B.to have reported C.to reporting D.have reported
【答案】B(2003年11月36題)
例3 I′m sorry I couldn′t get in touch with him before be left，I ____ him earlier.
A.had a telephone B.have phoned C.should have phoned D.should be phoned
【答案】C(2000年26題)考 易網(wǎng)提供
2.could/might + 完成時(shí) 表示能做的事情而沒有做。表示對(duì)過去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜、遺憾。
例1 He could have joined us，but he didn′t get our invitation in time.
他本來能夠和我們?cè)谝黄?，但是他沒有及時(shí)收到我們的請(qǐng)柬。
例2 He might have given you more help，but he was busy then.
他本來可以給你更多幫助的，但他那時(shí)很忙。
例3 He abandoned a career that _____ to his becoming one of the most influential people in the world.
A.could have led B.would lead C.should have led D.must lead
【答案】A(2005年11月33題) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞配套練習(xí)
1.-That car must have cost a lot of money. -Oh，no，_____.
A.it mustn′t B.it hasn′t C.it doesn′t D.it didn′t
2.You ____ read that article if you don′t want to. A.haven′t B.can′t C.mustn′t D.needn′
3. The road was muddy. It ____ last night.
A.must rained B.must have rained C.must be rained D.could have rained
4. I ____ asleep in the corner，for I remember nothing of what happened during the night.
A.might fall B.must fall C.must have fallen D.can have fallen
5. I′m feeling sick.I ____ so much chocolate.
A.needn′t have eaten B. couldn′t have eaten C. mustn′t have eaten D. shouldn′t have eaten
6. As he had heart attack，he was told that he_____continue the work.
A.needn′d B.may not C.mustn′t D. can′t
7. Mr.Green ____ my letter，otherwise he would have replied before now.
A.must have received B.must have failed to receive C.must receive D.must fail to receive
8. You could have done things they ought ____ .
A.didn′t you B. couldn′t you C. hadn′t you D.shouldn′t you
9.They have done things they ought ____ .
A.not to do B.not to be done C.not to have done D.not having done
10. Something must have happened on their way. Or they ____ by now.
A.should have arrived B.should arrive C.would have arrived D.would arrive
11. -I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.
-It ____ true because there was little snow there.
A.may not be B.won′t be C.couldn′t be D.mustn′be
12. -Shall we go skating or stay at home?
-Which ____ do yourself?
A.do you rather B.would you rather C.will you rather D.should you rather
13.I know things are hard with you，but you ____ try to get over the difficulties.
A.can B.may C.must D.ought
14. Someone is coming here. Who ____ it be? A.will B.shall C.must D.can
15. -May I stop here? -No，you ___ _ . A.mustn′t B.might not C.needn′t D.won′ (五)主謂一致
1、名詞physics“物理”，maths“數(shù)學(xué)”，news“新聞”，means“方法”等一般被認(rèn)為是形式上是復(fù)數(shù)、
而意思上是單數(shù)的名詞，它們作主語的時(shí)候動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。
例1 The news coming from different parts of the world are often extremely discouraging these days.
【答案】C(2000年63題) 應(yīng)該為is。
例2 Every means has been tried.每一種方法都試過了。
1.動(dòng)名詞、不定式、從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。考 易提供
例1 A number of errors made by him was surprising.
【答案】A(1998年66題) 應(yīng)該為The。
例2 A number of cars ____ in front of my house.A.was parked B.were parking C.is parking D.are parked
【答案】D
4、當(dāng)主語由as well as，along with，together with，including，accompanied by 等短語+名詞(代詞)時(shí)，主語與謂語的一致關(guān)系不受影響，主語是單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
例1 Professor Smith，along with his assistants，____ on the project day and night to meet the deadline，
A.work B.working C.is working D.are working
【答案】C (2007年4月37題)
例2 The teacher，as well as all his students，____ by the dancer′s performance.
A.was impressed B.had impressed C.impressed vv D.were impressed
【答案】A(2006年4月42題)
例3 Mr.Smith，together with his wife and children，____ going to the party this weekend.
A.am B.is C.are D.will
【答案】B(2004年11月28題)
5、當(dāng)用and連接的名詞前有each，every等修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。當(dāng)主語是each…and…，every…and every…，many a …and… 機(jī)構(gòu)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
例1 Many a singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. 許多歌唱家和舞蹈家將參加我們的晚會(huì)。
例2 In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. 在我們國(guó)家每個(gè)人都有接受教育的權(quán)利。
6、就近原則
由or，not only…but also…，either…or…，neither…nor…連接兩個(gè)并列的主語時(shí)，謂語的數(shù)和鄰近的主語一致。
例1 Either you or I am right. 不是你對(duì)就是我對(duì)。
例2 Not only Jane but also her family members were friendly to me.不僅是簡(jiǎn)，她的家人對(duì)我也很好。 主謂一致配套練習(xí)
1.____ was wrong.
A.Not the teacher but the students B.Both the students and the teacher
C.Neither the teacher not the students D.Not the students but the teacher
2. Ench man and woman ____ the same rights. A.has B.have C.had D.is having
3. - ____ twenty dollars a big sum to her?
- I suppose to.
A.Will be B.Is C.Are D.Were
4. All that you said ____ true. All ____ reading their textbooks when the teacher entered.
A.was;were B.were;was C.was;was D.were;were
5. Many a student ____ the improtance of learning a foreign language.
A.have realized B.has realized C.have been realized D.has been realized
6. This glass works ____ near the city. A.is B.are C.were D.be
7. The Philippines ____ to the south-east of China. A.lies B.lie C.lay D.lays
8. The president，accompanied by his assistants，___. A.have arrived B.are arriving C.had arrived D.has arrived
9. A number of cars ____ in front of the park. A.is parked B.was parked C.are parked D.has parked
10. In that country，the rich ____ richer，the poor poorer. A.become B.has become C.becomes D.in becoming
11. -What ____ the population of China? -One third of population ____ workers here.
A.is;are B.are;are C.is;is D.are;is
12. It seemed to me that what she saw and heard ____ very interesting. A.was B.were C.is D.are
13. Not only he but also we ____ right. He，as weel as we，____ right.
A.are;are B.are;is C.is;is D.is;are
14. Large quantities of water ____ for irrigation. A.is needed B.has needed C.are needed D.need
15. The teacher and writer ____ her fiend. A.are B.have C.is D.were
16. His selected poems ____ first published in 1965. A.were B.was C.has been D.is 二、非謂語動(dòng)詞
非謂語動(dòng)詞指的是在句中起名詞、形容詞和副詞作用的動(dòng)詞形式，而不是做謂語的動(dòng)詞形式。與謂語動(dòng)詞相比，非謂語動(dòng)詞既不能單獨(dú)作謂語，其形式又不受主語的人稱或數(shù)的限制。具體分三種：動(dòng)名詞、不定式和分詞。
(一)動(dòng)名詞
基本形式：
主動(dòng)形式 |
被動(dòng)形式 | |
| 一般時(shí) |
doing | being done |
| 完成時(shí) | having done |
having been done |
動(dòng)名詞的基本用法。本節(jié)將著重講解其作賓語時(shí)的情況，這是考試經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn)。
只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞。
admit 承認(rèn) appreciate 贊賞，感激 finish 完成 avoid 避免，避開
imagine 想象 miss 錯(cuò)過 practice 練習(xí) delay 耽擱
mind 介意 consider 考慮 postpone 推遲 enjoy 享受
risk 冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn) suggest 建議
例1 She apologized for ____ to attend the meeting.
her being not able B.her to be not able C.her not to be able D.her not being able
【答案】A(2005年11月27題)
例2 I am considering ____ my job as I′m not getting on well with my boss.
A.changing B.to change C.changed D.to be changed
【答案】A(2004年4月31題)
(2)在下列慣用詞中，應(yīng)使用動(dòng)名詞。考 易網(wǎng)提供
1)can′t help+V-ing...禁不住=can′t help laughing=can′t but laugh
2)There is / It is no use (good ) +V-ing… ……沒有用
It is no use quarreling with her.與她爭(zhēng)吵是沒有用的。
3)be worth +V-ing… 值得……
4)be busy +V-ing 忙于……
5)feel like +V-ing 想……
6)What (How) about +V-ing…? ……如何?
7)spend + time + (in)+ V-ing… 花時(shí)間做……
8)have + a difficulty(困難)/trouble(麻煩)/ problem(問題)/good (hard)time(快樂/艱苦時(shí)刻)
+ (in)+ V-ing…
They have difficulty(in) communicating with each other.他們彼此間溝通有困難。
例1 You don′t know about the difficulty I had ____ the work then at all.
A.done B.to do C.for doing D.in doing
【答案】D (2007年4月17題)
例2 Do you feel like ____ today?
A.having something eaten B.having something to eat C.to have something eaten D.to have something to eat
【答案】B(2004年11月23題)
2、動(dòng)名詞的完成時(shí) 表示的動(dòng)作在謂語所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生時(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞的完成時(shí)。
例1 I don′t remember___ .
A.having something eaten B.having something to eat C.to have something eaten D.to have something to eat
【答案】C
例2 I regret having done such a thing. 我后悔做了這樣的事。
3、動(dòng)名詞的邏輯短語 當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語是代詞，可使用形容詞性的物主代詞或代詞的賓格。
例1 Whould you mind ____ the computer game in your room?
A. he play B.his playing C.him to play D.him play
【答案】B(2004年11月29題)
mind的后面要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語用物主代詞+動(dòng)名詞。本句的意思是：“我在你房間
里玩電腦游戲你介意嗎?”
例2 He forgot about ____ him to attend my wife′s birthday party.
A.I asking B.my asking C.me to ask D.mine to ask
【答案】B(1998年29題)
(二)不定式
基本形式：
主動(dòng)形式
被動(dòng)形式
一般時(shí)
（not）to make
（not）to be made
完成時(shí)
（not）to have made
（not）to have been made
進(jìn)行時(shí)
（not）to be making
（not）to be being made
語法功能：在句子中可以充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)足語。本部分將主要講解不定式的
基本用法、被動(dòng)式、完成式及其與動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別。
1、動(dòng)詞不定式的基本用法
動(dòng)詞不定式是一種非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，由不定式符號(hào)to加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，多與某些動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞
搭配。
(1)作主語
例：It is not easy ____ the answer to the difficult math problem.
A.to figure out B.figuring out C.figure out D.being figured out
【答案】A(2005年11月23題)
(2)作賓語 以下動(dòng)詞只能跟不定式作賓語。
afford 花費(fèi)得起，提供 appear好像 heppen碰巧 arrange安排 hope希望
attempt試圖 intend企圖 decide決定 learn學(xué)會(huì) plan計(jì)劃
expect期望 offer打算 pretend假裝 promise答應(yīng) refuse拒絕
fail未能 manage設(shè)法 fear害怕 want要想 wish希望
(3)作賓語補(bǔ)足語 動(dòng)詞+賓語+不帶to的不定式(do)作賓語補(bǔ)足語的情況，可以分類為三大類動(dòng)詞：
1)感官動(dòng)詞：see，watch，notice，look at，hear，listen to，semll，taste，feel
2)使役動(dòng)詞：make，let，have(使得)，help(可帶to，也可不帶to)
3)某些詞組：would rather，would/had better
例1 Who would you rather have ____ the computer，Mr.Lin or Mr.Chen?
A.repaired B.repair C.repairing D.to repair
【答案】B(2007年4月25題)
例2 The teacher has his students ____ a composition every other week.
A.to write B.written C.writing D.write
【答案】D(2005年11月37題)
當(dāng)感官和使役動(dòng)詞后面得不定式變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，必須加上to。
例：Henry is often seen ____ English aloud every morning in the classroom.
A.read B.readsC.readingD.to read
【答案】D (2004年11月31題)
(4)作狀語
例1 ____ a teacher，one must first be a pupil. A.Being B.Having been C.To be D.To have been
【答案】C(2006年4月31題) 在這里不定式作目的狀語。
例2 We hurried to the station ____ find ourselves three hours earlier for the train.
A.only to B.in order to C.so as so D.such as to
【答案】A(2006年11月17題)在這里，不定式作結(jié)果狀語。
(5)作定語。通常后置，放于被修飾詞的后面，與前面被修飾的詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。
例：The question ____ at the meeting tomorrow is very important.
A.to discuss B.being discussed C.to be discussed D.will be discussed
【答案】C(2004年11月34題)本句的意思是：“明天會(huì)上要討論的問題非常重要?！?BR> 2、動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式
當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的對(duì)象時(shí)(或動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí))，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)式。我們
通過幾道真題來體會(huì)。
例1 Pierre often makes himself ____ by gesturing with his hands.
A.to understand B.understanding C.to be understood D.understood
【答案】D(2004年11月45題)根據(jù)使役動(dòng)詞后賓語和補(bǔ)語的關(guān)系確定使用主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
例2 We shall ask for samples ____ and then wen can make our decision.
A.to be sent B.being sent C.to sent D.to have been sent
【答案】A(2003年4月17題)本句的意思：“我們要求把產(chǎn)品的樣品送來，然后才能作出決定。”
例3 The ability ____ is very important for any speaker.
A.to hear clearly B.to be clearly heard C.to hearing clearly D.to being clearly heard
【答案】B(199年39題)本句的意思：“發(fā)言人的一個(gè)重要能力就是讓大家都聽清楚說話。”
注意：區(qū)別使役動(dòng)詞后賓補(bǔ)的形式：
have sth. done表示這個(gè)動(dòng)作有別人來做，這是省去to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
have sb. do sth.表示讓某人做某事。 例1 Excuse me ，but it is time to have your temperature____. A.taking B.taken C.took D.take
【答案】B(2003年11月38題)
例2 I′ll ____ _ that I′m a qualified engineer.
A.have you know B.have known you C.have you knowing D.have you konwn
【答案】A(2003年4月25題)
例3 We are going to have our office ____ to make room for a new engineer.
【答案】C(2002年50題)不定式在easy，difficult，hard，heavy，pleasant等形容詞后作狀語，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)。
例4 One of the benefits of the new model is that it is easier ____ than the old one.
A.operating B.to be operated C.to operate D.operated
【答案】C(2003年4月13題) 相當(dāng)于：To operate it is easier than to operate the old one.
相信通過真正理解這幾道例題，考生會(huì)對(duì)不定式的被動(dòng)式有更直觀、更深刻的認(rèn)識(shí)。
3、動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式
表示不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子謂語所表示的動(dòng)作之前。因此考生不但要熟練掌握動(dòng)詞的不定式，還要理解好句意。
例：Charles Babbage is Generally considered ____ the first computers.
A .to invernt B.inventing C.to have invented D.having invented
【答案】C (2007年4月19題)
4、不定式與動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別
(1) 有的動(dòng)詞后的toj既可以是不定式符號(hào)，又可以是介詞，使用時(shí)要特別注意區(qū)別。
例1 We look forward to ____ to the opening ceremony.
A.invite B.be invited C.having been invited D.being calling
【答案】D (2003年11月37題)
look forward to 短語中的to是介詞，因此其后要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，又根據(jù)題意，要用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式。笨句的意思是;“我們都盼望著能被邀請(qǐng)參加開幕式?！?BR> 例2 You don’t object ____ you bu your first name，do you?
A.for me to call B.me to call C.to my calling D.my calling
【答案】C (1996年21題) Object to 中的to是介詞，故接動(dòng)名詞做賓語。
(2) stop 和go on后面接不定式和動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別。
動(dòng)名詞表示停下或繼續(xù)正在做的事情;不定式表示停下以便做某事或改做另外一件事。
例1 The old man walked slowly. Stopping frequently ____ . A.on rest B.at rest C.resting D.to rest
【答案】D (1999年29題) 本句中“to rest”做目的狀語，意思為“停下來的目的是為了休息?！?BR> 例2 He began by showing us where the country was and went on ____ us about its climate.
A.telling B.to tell C.to telling D.to be told
【答案】B (2006年11月24題)
(3)remember，forge，，regret接不定式和動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別。
remember，forget，regret + doing sth.表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生正在過去。
remember，forget，regret + to do sth.表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生。
例1 Don’t forget ____ the window before leaving the room.
A.to have closed B.to close C.having closed D.closing
【答案】B (2001年28題) “to close”表示一個(gè)在“l(fā)eaving”之后發(fā)生的將來的動(dòng)作。
例2 I remember giving the letter to him.我記得把信給他了。
“giving”表示一個(gè)在“remember” 之前放生過的動(dòng)作。
例3 I regret to say that you didn’t pass the exam.我很抱歉的告訴你，你沒通過考試。(對(duì)馬上要說這件事表示抱歉)
We regret telling her the truth.我們后悔告訴了她真相。(已經(jīng)告訴了她，現(xiàn)在后悔)
(4) mean 后面加to do 表示：打算，企圖做某事;加 V-ing則表示：意味著要做某事。
例1 Being a student means studying hard. 作為一個(gè)學(xué)生，意味著你要好好學(xué)習(xí)。
例2 John really upset Granny，but I’m sure he did not mean to. 約翰真讓奶奶心煩，不過我相信他無意的。
例3 I meant ____ you，but I’m afraid Iforgot. A.ringing B.being ringing C.to ringing D.to ring
【答案】D (2006年11月18題) (三)分詞
分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞(V-ing)和過去分詞(V-ed)。下面將著重講解兩者的基本用法、區(qū)別及其獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
1、分詞在詞語中的作用：兩者都可以在句中擔(dān)任定語、表語、狀語、補(bǔ)語、和獨(dú)立主格
例1.I walked out of the cinema, ____ to retuen to see the wonderful film the next Sunday.
A.determine B.being determined C.determined D.to be determined
【答案】C (2007年4月21題) 過去分詞在這里作伴隨狀語。
例2 Before the gusts come,I must get the glasses ____ .
A.washed B.to be washed C.being washed D.to wash
【答案】A (2007年4月24題) 過去分詞在這里做賓語補(bǔ)足語。
例3 John, ____ the bet,had to pay for the dinner.
A.lost B.having lost C.losing D.having loss
【答案】B (2004年4月33題) 現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí)在這里作原因狀語。
2、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞區(qū)別：主要在于現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng),動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行;過去分詞表示被動(dòng),動(dòng)作完成。
例1 Is there any possibility of getting the price ____ further?
A.reduced B.reduce C.reducing D.be reduced
【答案】A (2006年11月20題)
get sth.done 結(jié)構(gòu)中,sth.與后面動(dòng)詞為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。若選現(xiàn)在分詞的話則為主謂關(guān)系。
例2 .Today the police can watch cars ____ on roads by radar. A.run B.to run C.running D.to be run
【答案】C((2005年4月45題) 在這里,現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，且為主動(dòng)。
例3 She told me that it was the most ____ gift her daughter had received.
A.delighting B.delighted C.delights D.delight
【答案】A(2003年38題)
現(xiàn)在分詞修飾的是事物,常譯作“令人……”，具有主動(dòng)的意思。過去分詞修飾人,常譯作“感到……”
,具有被動(dòng)的意思。又如：the moved audience受感動(dòng)的觀眾,a moving film 感人的電影。
3、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式和過去分詞的區(qū)別
例1 Standing on the bank,the children watched the ship ____ with all kinds of goods.
A.loading B.being loaded C.to be loaded D.having loaded
【答案】B(2000年23題)
例2 The interviewer should take down notes at the moment the person ____ answers the questions.
A.to be interviewed B.interviewing C.being interviewed D.interviewed
【答案】C(1997年33題)現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式,表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生,且表被動(dòng)。
例3 We found the cake eaten by Tom.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)是湯姆吃了蛋糕。
過去分詞表示動(dòng)作的完成結(jié)果。
4、分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語關(guān)系
(1)二者一致時(shí),分詞形式要由動(dòng)詞與主語的關(guān)系決定。
例1 ____ tired after a hard work,she fell into bed and went straight to sleep.
A.Felt B.Feeling C.Being felt D.To feel
【答案】B(1998年50題) feel 為系動(dòng)詞,因此用表示主動(dòng)的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示伴隨狀態(tài)。
例2 Arriving at the bus stop, ____ waiting there.
A.he found a lot of people B.a lot of people were C.he found a lot of people’s D.people were found
【答案】A(1996年37題) 分詞短語作伴隨狀語時(shí),和主句共用一個(gè)主語。
(2)當(dāng)分詞短語帶有自己的邏輯主語時(shí),則要涉及分詞的獨(dú)立主格形式(一般由名詞擔(dān)任)。
例1 All things ____,the planned trip had to be called off.
A.considering B.be considered C.considering D.having considered
【答案】A(2006年4月23題)
例2 Classes ____,the students left for home without delay. A.were over B.being C.are over D.over
【答案】B(2004年18題)
當(dāng)分詞短語有自己的主語而且又和主句的主語不一致的時(shí)候,要用分詞的獨(dú)立主格，因此只有B符合語法結(jié)構(gòu)。本句的意思為：“下課后,同學(xué)們一點(diǎn)沒有耽擱，直接回家了?！狈衷~的獨(dú)立主格作時(shí)間狀語。
例3 ____,We decided to leave at once,as we didn’t want to risk missing the bus.
A.As it being pretty late B.It being pretty late C.It was being pretty late D.Being pretty late
【答案】B((2004年11月26題)
本題考查的也是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因此B為正確答案。本句的意思是：“已經(jīng)很晚了,我們決定立刻離開,因?yàn)槲覀儾幌胝`車?！?BR> 例4 The plane crashed ,its bombs ____ as it hit the ground.
A.exploded B.were exoloded C.exploding D.were exploding
【答案】C(1999年43題)
我們?cè)趤砜磶椎谰毩?xí),強(qiáng)化這部分知識(shí)：
Weather permitting,We’ll go to the Summer Palace.
如果天氣允許的話,我們?nèi)ヮU和園。分詞的獨(dú)立主格作條件狀語。
It being Sunday,you needn’t go to school.因?yàn)槭切瞧谔?，你用不著去上學(xué)。分詞的獨(dú)立主格作原因狀語。
All the work done,you can have a rest.所有的工作都完成了，你可以休息了。分詞獨(dú)立主格作條件狀語。
5、with (without) 引導(dǎo)的分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)
例1 With the bridge ____ ,there was nothing for it but to swim.
A.was destroyed B.destroying C.being destroyed D. destroyed
【答案】D(2005年4月39題) 這里過去分詞表示被動(dòng)，With 結(jié)構(gòu)表示原因。
例2 With the flowers ____ everywhere,the park looks beautiful.
A.to bloom B.blooming C.be blooming D.to be blooming
【答案】B(2004年4月38題)
with 后面接復(fù)合賓語,因?yàn)橘e語the flowers和賓語不足語之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞,B為正確答案。本句的意思是：“到處鮮花盛開,公園非常美麗?！?BR> 例3 With the old man ____ the way,we ha no trouble in find that mysterious cave.
A.leading B.led C.lead D.to be led
【答案】A(2000年27題)
出題思路和上例基本相同。本句的意思是：“有老人帶路,我們毫不費(fèi)力地找到了那個(gè)神秘的山洞。” 三、從句
英語中從句包括：名詞從句、定語從句和狀語從句。這部分內(nèi)容較為復(fù)雜，我們將逐一講解。
(一)名詞從句
名詞從句包括主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。
1、主語從句
在句子中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語的是一個(gè)從句，這個(gè)從句就叫主語從句。主語從句可以由下列連詞、連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)，且不能省略。
連詞：that，whether
連接代詞：what，whatover，who，whoever等
連接副詞：when，where，how，why
(1)由連詞that，whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句
連詞that，whether在主語從句中的作用只是引導(dǎo)主語從句，在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，不能省略，且由它們引導(dǎo)的主語從句，多用it做形式主語。
例1 ___you don’t know the rule won’t be a sufficient for your failure. A.It is B.That C.Because D.What
【答案】B(2007年4月27題)
例2 That the earth is round is true.(=It is true the earth is round..)地球是圓的，這是和事實(shí)。
(2)由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句。
What有時(shí)可以用來表示the thing whitch這種意思，引導(dǎo)從句，表示一樣?xùn)|西或一件事情。它們分別在從句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語或狀語，不能省略。注意翻譯時(shí)不能把它們譯為疑問句。由它們引導(dǎo)的主語從句，也可以用形式主語it引導(dǎo)。who，whom，whitch，what可以和ever構(gòu)成合成詞，和what一樣引導(dǎo)從句，ever起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。此類句子不能用形式主語it引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)詞在句子中擔(dān)任成分，不能省略，語序?yàn)殛愂鼍涞恼Z序。
例1 ____ was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality. A.What B.That C.Which D.As
【答案】A(2004年11月27題)
What在從句中作主語。本句的意思是：“曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為是不可能的事如今變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。”
例2 ____ I saw was two men crossing the street. A.What B.Whom C.Who D.That
【答案】A(2001年38題)
例3 ____ was not the way the event happened.
A.Which the press reported B.That the press reported
C.What did the press report D.What the press reported
【答案】D(1998年24題) 主語從句，what在從句中作賓語。
(3)由連接副詞when，where，how，why引導(dǎo)的主語從句。
例1 When we’ll start is not clear(=It is not clear when we’ll start.)我們何時(shí)出發(fā)還不清楚。
例2 ____ he says or does won’t make me change my mind at all. A.Whatever B.However C.Which D.How
【答案】D(2006年4月19題)
(4)句型It is desirable (suggested，necessary，requested，ordered，proposed，urgent)+that+主語+should(可省略)+V(動(dòng)詞原形)。
例1 It’s urgent that a meeting ____ before the final decision is made.
A.will be arranged B.must be arranged C.be arranged D.would be arranged
【答案】C(2003年4月45題)
例2 It is highly desirable that a new president ____ for this university.
A.is appointed B.will be appointed C. be appointed D.has been appointed
【答案】C(1997年52題) 2、表語從句
(1)在從句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。它位于主句中的系動(dòng)詞之后，常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞和主語從句相同。
例1 Isn’t that ____ they call peace and friendship? A.which B.this C.what D.where
【答案】C(2004年4月27題)
例2 This is what he wants.這就是他想要的東西。
例3 The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow morning.
問題是我們明天上午能否完成任務(wù)。
(2)用suggestion，advice，order等詞表示愿望、建議、命令等情緒時(shí)，用虛擬語氣，從句中用should(可省略)+動(dòng)詞原形。
例1 My suggestion yesterday was that a metting ____ to discuss the matter.
A.should hold B.must be held C.would be held D.be held
【答案】D(2007年4月23題)
例2 The doctor’sadvice was that the patient ____ at once.
A.to be operated B.being operated C.be operated D.operated
【答案】C(2005年11月34題)
例3 The general’s command was that the soldiers ____ their fort and carry out more important tasks.
A.would leave B.leave C.left D.have left
【答案】B(2002年48題)