2013高考英語高頻詞匯舉例解析(16)

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◆ because/since/as/for ◇ 這四個詞都是表示原因或理由的連接詞,但是as,because,since是從屬連詞,引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,for是并列連詞,所引導(dǎo)的不是原因狀語從句,而是表示理由的對等句子,是對前面所講內(nèi)容補充和說明。在語氣上由強至弱依次為because→since→as→for。because引導(dǎo)的從句多置于句末,表示直接的原因或理由,表示產(chǎn)生那種結(jié)果的必然的因果關(guān)系,在回答why的提問時,必須用because作答。 如:We stayed at home because it rained.因為下雨我們呆在家里。 ◇ as與since引導(dǎo)的從句多置于句首,不過as表示十分明顯的原因,只說明一般的因果關(guān)系,可譯為“因為、由于”;而since則表示稍加分析、對方已知的原因,一般可譯為“既然”。如: As he was not feeling well,I decided to go there alone.由于他身體欠佳,我決定獨自去那里。 Since everyone is here,let's start.既然大家都到了,咱們就開始吧。 ◇ for引導(dǎo)的從句一般放在句末,其前用逗號,它所敘述的理由是間接的,即推測性理由,或是對前面敘述的事實或看法的補充說明。如: There must be nobody in the classroom,for the light is off. 教室里一定沒有人,因為燈滅了。(推測性理由) ◆ believe;believe in ◇ believe作及物動詞時,其后可跟名詞,表示“相信”;后接從句或復(fù)合賓語時,表示“認為;料想;相信”等。如: I believe what he says.我相信他的話。 I believe that he will succeed.我相信他會成功的。 ◇ believe in 是一個動介型短語動詞,表示“信奉;信仰”(指對某種思想、主張、觀念、行動具有信心)和“信任(have trust in)”。如: They believe in God.他們信仰上帝。 I believe in having plenty of exercise.我相信多鍛煉有好處。 ◇ believe和believe in后均可接表示人的名詞或代詞,但含義不同。試比較: I believe in him(I think he is a frustworthy man).我信任他。 I believe him.(I believe what he says).我相信他的話。 ◆ belief faith trust confidence 都含有“相信”的意思。 ◇ belief 指“承認某事是真的, 盡管有或沒有確鑿的證據(jù)”, 如: belief in ghosts.相信有鬼。 ◇ faith 指“認為有確鑿證據(jù)或道理而完全相信”, 如: I have faith in his ability to succeed. 我相信他有成功的能力。 ◇ trust 指“信賴”、“信任”, 含有“堅定的信念”的意思, 如: enjoy the trust of the people得到人民的信任。 ◇ confidence 指“在有證據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上相信”, 也常指“自信”、“有把握”, 如: She has great confidence in her success.她對自己的成功充滿信心。 ◆ besides;except;but ◇ 三者都可以用作介詞。用于肯定句中時,except/but意為“除……外(不再有)”;besides意為“除……外(還有)”。請比較: All of them have seen the film except/but Wu Dong. 除了吳東外,他們都看過了那部影片。 All of them have seen the film besides Wu Dong. 除了吳東看過那部影片外,他們也都看過了。 ◇ except后接名詞、代詞、-ing或不定式時,可以與but互換;except后接副詞、介詞短語時,一般不能為but所替換。如: I’ll do everything except/but cook. 除了做飯,我什么事情都干。 This window is never opened except in summer. 除了在夏天,這個窗子從不打開。 ◇ 用在否定句中,三者可以互換。如: There aren’t any other people to do the work except/but/besides you. 除了你,沒人能做這工作。 ◆ be anxious to; be anxious for; be anxious about ;be anxious that◇ be anxious to表示“急于”、“渴望”,其中to是不定式符號,后面接動詞原形; ◇ be anxious for表示“渴望”,后面接名詞或代詞時,強調(diào)渴望得到某物或渴望了解某事;后面接sb.to do sth.時,表示“渴望某人能做某事”,其中for sb.to do sth.是不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 ◇ be anxious about 表示“對…感到不安”、“為…擔(dān)心”、“為…憂慮”;◇ be anxious that表示“渴望”,后面接從句,that從句的謂語動詞須用虛擬語氣; [EXERCISES] ①I ____ the result of the examination. ②We ____ know the result of the examination. ③We ____ Mr Liu to help us with our English. ④Mr Li ____ a new car. ⑤They ____ arrive home before dark. (Key: ①am anxious about/for ②are anxious to ③are anxious for ④is anxious for ⑤are anxious to) 1) The girl ____ a new dictionary. 2) All the students ____ their results of this examination. 3) Everyone _____ know their results of the competition. 4) We ___Mr Zhao to return. 5) We _____ she should do her best. Key: 1) was/is anxious for 2) are anxious about 3) is anxious to 4)are anxious for 5) are anxious that ◆ be known as; be known for; be known to; be known in ◇ be known as 意為“作為……而”,其后的名詞表示一個人的身份、職業(yè)等。如: Liu Huan is known as a singer.劉歡作為一個歌手而出名。 We’re sure you’ll be well-known as an artist.我們相信你會成為一位的畫家。 ◇ be known for 意為“因……而”,其后所接內(nèi)容表示某人或物的特點、特長等。如: Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers.桂林因其美麗的山水而聞名。 Mr Geldof is well-known for organizing two big pop concerts on the same day. 蓋爾多夫先生因在同一天組織兩場大型的流行音樂會而出名。 ◇ be known to “為……所了解/知道”,其后接表示人的詞語?!埃ㄈ藗兌迹┲馈?,其后接動詞原形。如: He is known to all in our village.村子里的人都了解他。 He was known to have invented many things.=It was known that he had invented many things. 人們都知道他已經(jīng)發(fā)明了很多東西。 ◇ be known in 意為“在某地很”。如: He is well-known in the town where he was born. 他在自己出生的那個鎮(zhèn)子上很出名。 ◆ be made of/be made in/be made from/be made by/be made up of ◇ be made of表示“由……制成”,指從原料到制成品,只發(fā)生了形狀變化,沒有發(fā)生本質(zhì)變化(屬物理變化)。 ◇ be made in當(dāng)后面接時間的數(shù)詞或名詞時,表示“某物何時制造的或何時產(chǎn)的”。當(dāng)后面接指地點的名詞時,表示“某地產(chǎn)某物”。 ◇ be made from表示“由……制成”,指從原料到制成品,發(fā)生了質(zhì)的變化,已無法復(fù)原(屬化學(xué)變化)。 ◇ be made by表示“由……制做”,后面接指人的名詞或代詞,強調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者。 ◇ be made up of表示“由……構(gòu)成(組成)”,強調(diào)主語由兩部分或兩個以上的部分構(gòu)成或組成。 【練習(xí)】用be made in,be made of,be made from,be made by或be made up of填空。 ①This bike Tianjin. ②This table wood. ③The car 1999. ④Paper wood. ⑤The kite my mother. ⑥The teamten members. 【Keys】was made in; is made of ;was made in ;is made from;was made by;is made up of◆ be used for/be used as/be used by ◇ be used for表示“被用作……”或“被用來作……”,后面接名詞或v-ing,其中for表示目的。 ◇ be used as表示“作為……而用”或“用作……”,后面接名詞或動詞不定式,強調(diào)使用的工具及手段。 ◇ be used by表示“由……使用”,后面接指人的名詞或代詞,強調(diào)使用者。 【練習(xí)】用be used for,be used as或be used by填空。 ①A telephone better communication(交流). ②The motorbike Liu Ming. ③A ruler often a knife by him to cut a piece of paper open. 【Keys】is used for;is used by;is,used as ◆ be pleased with; be pleased at(或about);be pleased to 1) The manager ___ you before. 2) My boss must ___ see you again in HongKong. 3) I ___ seeing so many students present. 4) I hear Mr Zhao ___ your article. 析: ①was pleased with。表示“對……滿意;喜歡……”后面通常接指人的名詞或代詞。 ②be pleased to。表示“很高興或很樂意做某事”,其中to是不定式符號,后面接動詞原形。 ③am pleased at(或about)。be pleased at(或about)表示“對(看到或聽到的)事感到高興,”后面接指事的名詞或v-ing。 ④is pleased at(或about)。解析同③。 ◆ be to do sth;be about to do sth;be going to do sth. ◇ be to do sth.表示按計劃或安排即將發(fā)生的動作,后可跟時間狀語。如: You're to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.十點鐘以前你得交上試卷。 ◇ be about to do sth.表示打算或安排即將發(fā)生的動作,它通常不與時間狀語連用。如: I was about to go out when someone knocked at the door.我正要出去,這時有人敲門。 ◇ be going to do sth.有三層含義: ①表示打算、計劃或決定要做某事。如: We're going to spend our holidays in Wales this year. 今年我們打算到威爾士度假。 ②用以表示某事物即將發(fā)生或很可能發(fā)生。如: I'm going to be twenty next month. 下個月我就二十歲了。 ③有跡象表明即將發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。如: Look at those black clouds, there is going to be a storm. 瞧那些烏云,暴風(fēng)雨就要來了。 ◆ beat; strike; hit ◇ strike通常表示“打一下、打若干下”,不一定都是有意的;還有“打動、使……著迷、某種想法突然閃現(xiàn)在腦海里”的含義;也可指“打、擦出(火),(蛇、獸)抓,咬,或(鐘)敲響”。 ◇ hit指“打中”或“對準……來打”,“敲打或打擊對方的某一點”。 ◇ beat著重“連續(xù)地打擊”。如:毆打或體罰;也指在游戲、競賽或戰(zhàn)爭中擊敗對方;也指“心跳”。 ◆ blame; scold blame“責(zé)備;責(zé)怪”,指某人應(yīng)對自己不好的行為負責(zé)(常與for連用),或?qū)⒛臣缓玫氖虑闅w咎于他人(常與on或upon連用),往往含有把自己當(dāng)作評判人來評判某事,沒有用言語來進行責(zé)罵的意思。例如: He blamed Tom for the failure. 他責(zé)怪湯姆造成了失敗。 Don't blame it on him, but on me. 別怪他,該怪我。 ◇ scold“責(zé)罵”,指嘮嘮叨叨地數(shù)說某人,多用于上級對下級、長輩對晚輩的“責(zé)罵”。例如: Don't scold the child.It's not his fault. 不要責(zé)罵那孩子,這不是他的過失。 I hate to scold, son, but you mustn't stay out so late at night. 我不喜歡斥責(zé),孩子,可你不該呆在外面那么晚不回家。 ◆ blow down; blow in; blow off; blow over ◇ blow down表示“吹倒”、“刮倒”;blow in表示“吹進”、“吹入”;blow off表示“吹掉”、“炸掉”、“發(fā)泄”;blow over表示“ 暴風(fēng)雨 吹散”、“過去”、“結(jié)束”。 [EXERCISES] 1) The high winds yesterday _____ thousands of trees. 2) We sometimes had quarrels, but they soon _____. 3) I had my hat ____ by the wind. 4) A lot of dust ____.You must clear it away. Key: 1) blew down 2) blew over 3) blown off 4) has blown in ◆ break up; break down; break out; break into; break in; break away; break through ◇ break up表示“打碎”、“變壞”、“分解”、“終止”、“破裂”。 ◇ break down表示“瓦解”、“分解”、“失敗”、“出故障”、“破壞”、“拆毀”。 ◇ break out表示“爆發(fā)”、“突然發(fā)生”。 ◇ break into表示“強行進入”、“闖入”、“破門而入”、“打斷(談話、討論)”、“突然……起來”。 ◇ break in表示“闖入”、“打斷”、“插嘴”,其中in是副詞。 ◇ break away表示“脫逃”、“脫離”、“突然離開”、“革除”、“戒除”,常與from連用。 ◇ break through表示“戰(zhàn)勝”、“突圍”、“穿過……而出現(xiàn)”、“突破”。 [練] ①He said his computer _____. ②Those old cars will be ____ for scrap(廢鐵). ③Last night somebody ____ Mr Brown's house and took away many things. ④A fire ____ after we had gone home. ⑤The boy often ____ while his parents are speaking. ⑥You must ____ from bad habits. ⑦After the heavy rain the sun ____ the clouds. ⑧A thief ____ and stole a lot of things last night. ⑨Tom ____the motor bike which he bought five years ago. ⑩The ice began to ____ on the river. (Key:①had broken down ②broken up ③broke into ④broke out ⑤breaks in ⑥break away ⑦broke through ⑧broke in ⑨broke down ⑩break up) ◆ bring on;bring in;bring out ◇ bring on 使發(fā)生;引起;端上(飯菜)。如: Tom often brings on meals and his brother,Jim picks up the dishes after meals. 湯姆常常端上飯菜,(而)他弟弟吉姆飯后收拾碗碟。 The sudden cold weather brought on his cold again. 天氣突然變冷,使他再次感冒。 ◇ bring in 引來;引進;吸收。如: His new business brings in 1,000 dollars. 他的新生意使他賺了一千美元。 We also brought in some words from English. 我們也從英語中吸收了一些詞匯。 ◇ bring out 取出;說出;闡明;出版。如: He brought out his gun and pointed at me.他掏出槍來指著我。 Bring out the meaning more clearly.請把意思講清楚些。 They have brought out a set of children’s books.他們出版了一套兒童讀物。 ◆ bring down; bring back; bring up; bring in ◇ bring down表示“使倒下”、“減少”、“降低(價格、溫度)”;◇ bring back表示“使回想起”、“歸還”、“帶回來”;◇ bring up表示“嘔吐出”、“養(yǎng)育”;◇ bring in表示“把......引進來”、“賺入”、“獲利”、“把......拿進來”、“吸收”。 [EXERCISES] 1) Her singing _____ memories of my mother. 2) They also ____ some words from their own languages. 3) The wind ____ a number of trees. 4) He _____ all he had eaten. 5) Can you try to get them to ____ the price﹖ 6) All library books must be ____ before June 25. 7) Mr White ____ $500 a week. 8) You must manage to _____ the temperature. Key: 1) brings back2) brought in 3) brought down 4) brought up 5) bring down 6) brought back7) is bringing in8) bring down ◆ broad; wide ◇ 兩者都表示兩邊或兩點之間的距離都有“寬的”之意, 但broad著重某物覆蓋面的范圍 (如肩、背、胸等的寬),還可表示“寬宏大量”;wide著重指邊沿間相隔的距離以及“廣泛”之意。如: Looking at the new-type camera, the young man with broad shoulders was surprised with his mouth wide open. 看著那個新型相機,那個肩寬背闊的年輕人驚奇得張大了嘴巴。 He’s a broad-minded person; he’ll never be disappointed by such a small failure. 他是個心胸寬廣的人;決不會因為那么一次小小的失敗而感到失望。 ◆ but/however◇ 這兩個連詞都有“但是,可是,然而”之意。but連接兩個分句或有關(guān)部分,表示轉(zhuǎn)折或邏輯上的對比關(guān)系,使用最廣,口語中更為常見。如: We love peace but we are not afraid of war.我們熱愛和平,但我們并不害怕戰(zhàn)爭。 ◇ however轉(zhuǎn)折意味比but弱,連接的兩個分句或有關(guān)部分的關(guān)系較為松弛,后一部分常起附帶說明或襯托作用。however常以插入語形式出現(xiàn)在句子中間,前后用逗號隔開,也可置于句首或句末。如: Later,however,he decided to go.可是后來他決定去了。 ◆ by oneself;oneself ◇ by oneself=alone,without help。強調(diào)“在無他人或他物的情況下”或“無幫助的情況下”; ◇ oneself作同位語,表示強調(diào)本人。 試比較: If you come to my house,I’ll cook for you myself. 如果你來我家,我將親自下廚。(強調(diào)親手為你做飯) Can you cook by yourself now? 你現(xiàn)在能單獨做飯了嗎?(強調(diào)無他人協(xié)作) ◆ by sea;by the sea ◇ by sea意為“走海路;坐輪船”,其中by表示乘坐交通工具或行走方式,by與名詞間不可用冠詞;by the sea意為“在海邊”,其中by表示“在……旁邊”,by與后面的名詞間常有冠詞修飾。如: They will go to America by sea. 他們將坐輪船去美國。 There is a small village by the sea.海邊有個小村莊。 請比較下面類似有這樣區(qū)別的短語: by ship 乘船 by a ship 在一艘輪船旁邊 by land 從陸路 by the land 在岸邊(在陸地旁邊) by taxi 乘出租車 by the taxi 在出租車旁邊 by road 從陸路 by the road 在路邊