本講教育信息】
一、教學(xué)內(nèi)容：
高考考前指導(dǎo)
二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)：
考前心理指導(dǎo)和應(yīng)試技巧指導(dǎo)
【具體教學(xué)過程】
一、心理指導(dǎo)
考試時(shí)良好的心理狀態(tài)對(duì)考生正常甚至超常發(fā)揮有著舉足輕重的作用。請(qǐng)務(wù)必注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
1、心理戰(zhàn)術(shù)，先勝一籌
2、放下包袱，輕裝上陣
3、認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備，沉著迎戰(zhàn)
4、先易后難，循序漸進(jìn)
5、人難我難，我不畏難；人易我易，我不大意
6、正確看待押寶題
二、應(yīng)試技巧指導(dǎo)
（一）聽力技巧
1. 帶著問題聽錄音，理解對(duì)話的主旨大意
如：NMET（2007）第5題
What are the speakers talking about?
A. Life in Southeast Asia. B. Weather conditions . C. A holiday tour.
此聽力的原文為：
M: Hi, I am thinking of taking a trip during the Christmas holidays.
W: Where would you like to go?
M: Well, maybe somewhere warm and sunny.
W: How about a tour to Southeast Asia?
2. 注意人物關(guān)系（身份）
如：NMET（2007）第10題
What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. They are strangers to each other. B. They are friends. C. They are husband and wife.
此聽力的原文為：
W: Excuse me, sir.
M: Can I help you?
W: My name is Jane Smith; I am a designer looking for a job.
M: See my secretary; she will set you up with a test.
3. 注意主要事件的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)
如：NMET（2007）第17題
Where can you most probably hear this talk?
A. In a class of the English language .
B. In a class of the Greek language.
C. In a class of the French language.
此聽力的原文為：
Good afternoon everybody and welcome to this class on English words. I hope that all of you can hear me. If not, please let me know. I am Professor John Morris. …
4. 速記速算，快速捕捉信息
如：NMET（2007）第4題
What size does the man want?
A. 35 B. 9 C. 39
此聽力的原文為：
M: How much are these shoes?
W: Oh, they are 35 dollars a pair.
M: Do you have size 9?
W: I am afraid they are sold out.
5. 注意對(duì)話中的“言外之意”
如：NMET（2007）第12題
What does the man mean by saying sorry?
A. He doesn’t need a designer.
B. He can’t hear the woman clearly.
C. He can’t help the woman.
此聽力的原文為：
W: Excuse me, sir.
M: Can I help you?
W: My name is Jane Smith; I am a designer looking for a job.
M: See my secretary; she will set you up with a test.
W: When?
M: Next month.
W: I can’t wait that long.
M: Excuse me?
W: I can’t wait a month, I need something sooner.
M: I am sorry.
6. 注意說話者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度
如：NMET（2001）第20題.
Which of the following words best describes the day the speaker had ?
A. Exciting B. Unlucky C. Tiring
此聽力的原文為
What happened to me that day is just unbelievable. The first thing to go wrong was that all the parking spaces were taken. So I had to park on the grass and hoped that I would not get a parking ticket. When I got to the Admission’s Office, there was already a long line of students waiting. By the time it was my turn, two of the courses I needed were filled, and I had to go back to my adviser and make out a whole new time table. Although I did sign up for all my courses, I missed lunch. The next thing to go wrong was that the bookstore had sold out one of the textbooks required. As I was leaving, I wondered what else could possibly happen. Then I saw a policeman standing beside my car and writing out a ticket.
7. 注意否定和虛擬語氣
如：What can we learn from the dialogue?
A. The man didn’t want the woman to have her hair cut.
B. The woman followed the man’s advice.
C. The woman is wearing long hair now.
此聽力的原文為：
W: I wish my hair were longer.
M: Yes, pity you had it cut. If only you’d listened to me.
8. 速?zèng)Q速斷，切忌反復(fù)不定
（二）單項(xiàng)填空
做單項(xiàng)填空題的三個(gè)步驟：觀察、分析、判斷。通過對(duì)題干選項(xiàng)的觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)問題；通過對(duì)題中各因素的分析認(rèn)識(shí)問題；根據(jù)所學(xué)知識(shí)做出判斷解決問題。解題時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
1、正確判斷句子結(jié)構(gòu)
Luckily, we’d brought a road map without ______ we would have lost our way.
A. it B. that C. this D. which
2、注意識(shí)別插入語
John plays football ______, if not better than, David.
A. as wellB. as well asC. so wellD. so well as
3、注意擺脫思維定勢
He did nothing ______ made her angry.
A. that B. which C. it D. but
He did nothing, ______ made her angry. (which)
He did nothing and ______ made her angry. (it)
He did nothing ______ make her angry. (but)
I’m so busy that I can’t help ______ the work.
A. do B. doing C. did D. to be doing
4、注意上下文語境
—Are you still busy?
—Yes, I ______ my work, and it won’t take long.
A. just finish B. am just finishing
C. have just finished D. am just going to finish
5、注意慣用法及固定搭配的使用
Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and ______ jokes.
A. turning up B. putting up
C. making up D. showing up
6、注意常用詞組的多義和隱蔽性的語境設(shè)置
We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it ______ very well.
A. worked out B. tried out
C. went on D. carried on
7、注意英漢交際方面的差異
—I’d like to invite you to dinner this Saturday, Mr Smith.
—______.
A. Oh, no. Let’s not B. I’d rather stay at home
C. I’m sorry, but I have other plans D. Oh, no. That’ll be too much trouble.
（三）完形填空
1、研讀首句，通覽全文，抓準(zhǔn)主旨
2005 全國試卷
首句（高考專）題為： One afternoon I was sitting at my favorite table in a restaurant, waiting for the food I had ordered to arrive….
When the waiter brought my 41 the man was clearly puzzled by the 42 way in which the waiter and I 43 each other. He seemed even more puzzled as 44 went on and it became 45 that all the waiter in the restaurant knew me. Finally he got up and went into the 46 .
41. A. menu B. bill C. paper D. food
42. A. direct B. familiar C. strange D. funny
43. A. chatted with B. looked at C. laughed at D. talked about
44. A. the waiter B. time C. I D. the dinner
45. A. true B. hopeful C. clear D. possible
46. A. restaurant B. washroom C. office D. kitchen
2、細(xì)讀全文，注重語境，試選答案
2007年全國II卷
…But when I turned into the main road I suddenly saw a lot of cars racing 31 me. I got out of 32 as fast as I could by backing into the garage 33 and the man behind 34 me.
“It’s such a problem to 35 to drive on the right side, isn’t it?” my wife said. “Yes, if only I had had a few lessons for 36 ,” I replied….
31. A. after B. with C. around D. towards
32. A. their way B. the garage C. their sight D. the car
33. A. at last B. once more C. as usual D. as well
34. A. caught B. cheered C. shouted at D. chatted with
35. A. prepare B. continue C. choose D. remember
36. A. discussion B. adventure C. experiment D. practice
3、復(fù)核全文，彌補(bǔ)疏漏，確保
（四）閱讀理解
1、熟悉題型與題型設(shè)計(jì)：
A. 事實(shí)詢問題； B. 推理判斷題； C. 數(shù)據(jù)推算題； D. 識(shí)圖解意題；
E. 主旨大意題； F. 常識(shí)題 ; G. 猜詞、指代題
2、解題步驟:
一般而言，有兩種方法：Passage—Questions—Passage ; Questions—Passage—Questions .
① P-Q-P 即先讀文章，然后再查閱文章解答問題。
② Q-P-Q 即先看一遍問題，然后帶著問題有針對(duì)性地查找閱讀文章。
（五）任務(wù)型閱讀
做題步驟:
1. 信息查找
1）解題關(guān)鍵:
2）常用方法:
(1) 5W 1H
(2) 時(shí)序 first then after that next finally
(3) 因果 because thus cause as a result lead to
(4) 比較 similarly differently
(5) 轉(zhuǎn)折 but however while instead on the contrary
2. 信息轉(zhuǎn)換
1). 解題關(guān)鍵:
2). 轉(zhuǎn)換技巧:
(1) 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換
As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn’t find out we were depressed until we were in high school.
We never experienced ________________ when we were in childhood.
(2) 前綴和后綴轉(zhuǎn)換
The lady was not happy.
The lady was _______________.
Many people lost their houses.
Many people became _____________.
(3) 同義詞和反義詞轉(zhuǎn)換
Most people were in favor of the decision.
Many workers _______________ the decision.
He didn’t pass the final examination.
He ______________ the final examination.
(4) 釋義
It advised people not to take large amount of cash while travelling.
People were advised to ___________ taking a large amount of money.
(5) 句式轉(zhuǎn)換
Experts say walking is one of the safest ways to exercise. There is a low risk of injuries. So it is good for people who are starting an exercise programme for the first time and for the older people.
Being ______________ than many other ways of exercise, especially for beginners or_____________.
3. 信息歸納
1) 解題關(guān)鍵:
2) 歸納詞的特點(diǎn)
(1) 概括性
(2) 針對(duì)性
如: Educating girls quite possibly harvests a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Women’s education may be an unusual field for economists, but increasing women’s contribution to development is actually as much an economic as asocial issue. And economics, with its focus on incentives(鼓勵(lì)), provides an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of(剝奪)an education.…
Topic: The significance of female (51) _______ in developing countries
Viewpoint
Educating girls is more beneficial than any other (52) _______
Families
From low-income families
From educated mothers’ families
…
（六）書面表達(dá)
“書面表達(dá)”是考查考生綜合運(yùn)用英語能力的一種題型，根據(jù)其一般規(guī)律，它要求考生根據(jù)所給情景和要求寫一篇書面材料，做到內(nèi)容符合所給的情景和要求，文理通順。2008年作文詞數(shù)要求由120個(gè)詞提高到150個(gè)詞左右的變化，使學(xué)生的答題難度增加，但這30個(gè)詞的增加應(yīng)該是由“增加想象和發(fā)揮的空間”的要求引來的，只要我們訓(xùn)練到位，理應(yīng)不成問題。
書面表達(dá)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題
1、要點(diǎn)全
2、語法正
(1) 句型錯(cuò)誤
例：There were hundreds of students couldn’t go to school because they were poor.
The book makes us be interested in music.
The noise made us couldn’t concentrate on our studies.
(2) 動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤
a. 缺謂語 例：They ∧ all against the plan.
b. 搭配錯(cuò)誤 fix one’s attention to sth./doing sth.
c. 時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤
d. 語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤
漢語被動(dòng)色彩不濃厚，因此在不少場合中考生易受漢語的習(xí)慣影響，不記得使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
例：He remembered his wallet had ∧ lost in the bus.
有時(shí)不該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，不少考生卻用了被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
例：The matter was happened two years ago.
不少基礎(chǔ)較差的考生喜歡在行為動(dòng)詞前加動(dòng)詞be。
例：I am think that I’ll learn how to use a computer.
(3) 主謂一致錯(cuò)誤
例：Every student in our class study very hard.
The Chinese is a hard-working people.
(4) 冠詞錯(cuò)誤
例：We visited many buildings in the city such as library, laboratory and teaching building.
3、表達(dá)準(zhǔn)
1) 英語單詞堆砌法
例：誤：Welcome you come to our school to visit.
正：You’re welcome to visit our school.
2) “Chinglish”表達(dá)法
例：誤：My height is 180 centimeters and my body is healthy.
正：I’m 180 centimeters tall and I’m healthy.
3) 難詞解釋法
例：誤：Mr Li is good at teaching. He has many ways of teaching his students.
正：Mr Li is good at teaching. He has many teaching methods.
4、 結(jié)構(gòu)整
完整不等于一定要用復(fù)雜的句子。考生一味追求新、奇、難，很容易出差錯(cuò)。
例：誤：It is not only the boy but also his parents are kind to others.
正：Not only the boy but also his parents are kind to others.
簡單不等于一定用省略句。考生在不可省略的地方省略，結(jié)構(gòu)就不完整，句意就不明確。
例：誤：He doesn’t know what and how to do it.
正：He doesn’t know what to do and how to do it.
5、邏輯順
考生應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)使用and , so, then , at the same time , on one hand , on the other hand , besides , what’s more, moreover, therefore, in that case , I’m afraid, I think等表示過渡及連接的詞匯，這樣就可以有效地增強(qiáng)文章的可讀性，增加文章的感情色彩。
6、卷面潔
【模擬試題】
高考模擬試卷（校三模試卷）
第Ⅰ卷（非選擇題 三部分 共65分）
第一部分：聽力(略)
第二部分：英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用
第一節(jié)：單項(xiàng)選擇（共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）
21. There is no power like _______ power of freedom, and no soldier as strong as _____ soldier who fights for that freedom.
A. the; a B. a; the C. /; a D. the; /
22. When it comes to a close friendship, your gift can’t be just ______. It must be special.
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
23. —This book by Tony Garrison is of great use for our course.
—But I think his latest one is ______ worth reading.
A. better B. more C. most D. very
24. Being color-blind, Sally can’t make a ______ between red and green.
A. difference B. distinction C. discovery D. division
25. ______ there is no restriction on foreign movies, they rarely win the Oscar Award for the Best Picture, regardless of popularity.
A. Since B. If C. Unless D. While
26. The principal made it clear that no students who cheat in the exams will _____ unnoticed.
A. come B. get C. go D. take
27. —No pets are allowed in this building. You’ll have to take your cat out, Madam.
—Well, _______, I’m moving out.
A. on the contrary B. in that case
C. by this means D. on top of it
28. Other suggestions were put forward, besides the one that waste water_____ into the river.
A. wouldn’t be poured B. wasn’t poured
C. mustn’t be poured D. not be poured
29. His family members gave some examples of _____ his drinking and smoking had affected the family.
A. that B. what C. how D. whether
30. —Shall I ______ some music?
—You’d better not. I’m working on my essay.
A. put on B. put up C. put in D. put out
31. I am so glad to hear from you. It ______ a long time.
A. had been B. was C. will be D. has been
32. I guess there is much ____ I would do differently if I were given another chance.
A. which B. as C. that D. what
33. The escaped prisoner, _____, looked up and stared in the direction where the noise came from.
A. alarming B. alarmed
C. having alarmed D. to be alarmed
34. —Darling, I’m trying these new weight-loss pills.
—How_______ you have let yourself be talked into this again.
A. could B. would C. might D. must
35. —Mike, be careful. Don’t throw any more waste paper on the ground.
—__________.
A. Certainly, I’m not thinking B. Sorry, I wasn’t thinking
C. Yes, I’m sorry D. Yes, I’ll think about it
第二節(jié) 完形填空 (共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分)
請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出選項(xiàng)。
Tom Jankowitz finally got into the airport lounge. He sat down and opened up his laptop computer, keeping one 36 on the small television which showed the departure times of all the 37 from the airport.
Tom was tired and bored. It was Christmas, nearly. Tom 38 Christmas. He only remembered that it would be Christmas tomorrow 39 there were Christmas decorations all over the airport. Tom had been to a business meeting in New York and had to take a plane back home. The meeting had been 40 . He had decided to close a lot of his company’s offices and a lot of people were 41 about his decision. Tom thought that he would rather 42 Christmas on his own in a hotel room with his computer.
Tom hardly 43 as the television screen with the departure times on it went off. He looked up just 44 to see it before all the lights in the airport went off, too. Soon, 45 was totally, completely and utterly black. The only light came from the tiny little lights on the wings of the aeroplanes, and the light 46 his own portable computer screen. Soon, there was an 47 , “Ladies and gentlemen, we 48 to inform you that there seems to have been a power cut. All flights for the moment are 49 . Thank you.”
A man sat down next to Tom. “Looks like we’re not going anywhere tonight” he said. Tom didn’t reply, but nodded in 50 . “Not going anywhere”, he thought. “I’m not going anywhere. Not tonight, not 51 . The only places I ever go are offices of Global Power International.”
Tom watched the lights going 52 on again in the airport and heard the sound of people cheering. He 53 as well, and smiled at the man who was sitting next to him. He felt like someone had turned a 54 on in him too. He was looking forward to being home. “I’m going 55 ”, he thought.
36. A. ear B. eye C. hand D. leg
37. A. flights B. planes C. passengers D. pilots
38. A. missed B. forgot C. suffered D. hated
39. A. though B. unless C. because D. until
40. A. long B. difficult C. boring D. successful
41. A. unfair B. unfortunate C. unhappy D. unkind
42. A. keep B. save C. spare D. spend
43. A. noticed B. doubted C. moved D. stopped
44. A. in order B. in time C. in return D. in case
45. A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything
46. A. on B. with C. from D. by
47. A. advice B. announcementC. advertisementD. apology
48. A. decide B. forgive C. regret D. begin
49. A. delayed B. checked C. prepared D. cancelled
50. A. agreement B. surprise C. anger D. excitement
51. A. yet B. really C. only D. ever
52. A. over B. back C. up D. straight
53. A. heard B. watched C. celebrated D. cheered
54. A. light B. radio C. heater D. heart
55. A. nowhere B. everywhere C. anywhere D. somewhere
第三部分 閱讀理解 (共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)
請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出選項(xiàng)。
A
It was New Year’s Night. An aged man was standing at a window. He raised his mournful eyes towards the deep blue sky, where the stars were floating like white lilies(百合花) on the surface of a clear calm lake.
He had already passed sixty and brought from his journey nothing but errors and regrets. Now his health was poor, his mind vacant and his heart sorrowful.
The days of his youth appeared like dreams before him, and he recalled the serious moment when his father placed him at the entrance of the two roads—one leading to a peaceful, sunny place, covered with flowers, fruits and filled with soft, sweet songs; the other leading to a deep, dark cave, which was endless, where poison flowed instead of water and poisonous snakes hissed and crawled(爬).
He saw the lights flowing away in the darkness. These were the days of his wasted life; he saw a star fall from the sky and disappeared, and this was the symbol of himself. His regret like a sharp arrow struck deeply into his heart. Then he remembered his friends in his childhood. But they had made their way to success and were now honoured and happy on this night.
The high church clock struck and the sound made him remember his parents’ early love for him. They had taught him and prayed for his good. But he chose the wrong way. With shame and grief he dared no longer look towards that heaven. His darkened eyes were full of tears, and with a despairing effort, he burst out a cry: “Come back, my early days!”
His youth did return, for all this was only a dream which he had on New Year’s Night. He was still young though his faults were real; he had not yet entered the deep, dark cave, and he was still free to walk on the road which leads to the peaceful and sunny land.
Those who still wander on the entrance of life, hesitating to choose the bright road, remember that when years are passed and your feet stumble (絆倒) on the dark mountains, you will cry bitterly, but in vain: “Oh youth, return! Oh give me back my early days!”
56. We can learn from the passage that _______.
A. the man returned from a long journey and regretted what he had done
B. the man didn’t enter the deep, dark cave when he was young
C. the man was deserted by his parents when he was only a child
D. the man found it no use crying over the wrong past
57. Why does the author set his story on New Year’s Night?
A. He wants to tell people it’s time to recall the past.
B. He suggests the aged man will have a bright future.
C. He tries to stress the man’s sad feeling.
D. He expects people to share the man’s sad feeling.
58. The aged man in the passage can be described as _______.
A. sorrowful, fearful and regretful B. hopeful, cheerful and peaceful
C. regretful, painful and disappointed D. disappointed, regretful and hopeful
59. The author writes the passage mainly to _______.
A. encourage young people to take the right road
B. help the old man to pick up his confidence
C. describe the old man’s unsuccessful experience
D. show his sympathy for the aged man
B
Recreational pursuits (追求) can be a part of everyday life, 365 days a year in Vancouver. We provide and maintain playgrounds, sports fields, ice rinks, fitness centres, indoor and outdoor pools, beaches, tennis courts, golf courses, skateboard parks and numerous other ways for any and all to participate. Knowledgeable staff work hard to provide leisure（休閑）activities suited to people of every age, culture and ability.
Recreation also means our 23 community (社團(tuán)) centres, serving all ages and supporting a wide range of recreational, social and cultural pursuits. Programs include aerobics, arts and crafts, culture, dance, swimming, skating, childcare, youth activities, seniors services and many more. Community centres are cooperatively operated with people living nearby, making for good partnerships between city government and its residents.
Community
Arts and Culture
Benefits of Recreation
Community Centres
Recreation Programs
Recreation for All
Access Services
Adapted Programs
Childcare
Day Camps
Get Out! Youth Initiative
Leisure Access Card Program (LAC)
Seniors Programs and Services
Youth Activities and Services
Forms and Schedules
Application Forms for Picnics and Events
Leisure Guide 2008
Activities/Facilities
Basketball
Beaches
Fitness Centres
Football Fields
Get Up & Go!
Golf / Pitch & Putt
Horseshoe Pitches
Ice Rinks
Lacrosse
Lawn Bowling
Picnic Sites
Playgrounds
Playing Fields
Racquet / Squash Courts
Rugby Fields
Skateboard Parks
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Wading Pools & Water/Spray
60. This advertisement is intended for_______.
A. people living in nearby cities B. 23 community centres
C. residents of Vancouver D. the government of Vancouver
61. From Leisure Guide 2008, you may probably find information about ____.
A. arts and culture
B. recreation programs
C. plans and timetable of different activities
D. partnerships between city government and its residents
62. You will probably click _______ to help your grandparents find some leisure activities.
A. Seniors Programs and Services B. Football Fields
C. Rugby Fields D. Adapted Programs
C
The new product identification and tracking system, which has been in the spotlight recently over concerns that it may raise production costs, has been written into the draft food safety law, a senior quality control official said Tuesday.
“The system has become part of the draft food safety law and will become a legal obligation(義務(wù)) for all food companies if it is passed by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC),” Pu Changcheng, deputy director of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ), said at a working conference in Beijing.
“The system, which allocates a unique code to every product, is another major step forward in ensuring quality,” he added.
The AQSIQ originally said that by the end of June, all products in nine categories, including food, cosmetics and home appliances, must carry a code or they will not be allowed to be sold. The deadline was later extended to the end of the year.
Food companies, however, have argued the system will increase their production costs. More than 20 firms, including Nestle, Mars, Coca-Cola and Pepsico, have submitted a joint petition against the system.
The system will require new equipment to be purchased, and will slow production. Besides, changes will have to be made to packaging and design, the firms said in the petition.
In a report submitted to the AQSIQ, the China National Food Industry Association said all 40 of the food companies it surveyed last month said the system will raise their production costs, and 31 said it may lead to price rises of up to 15 percent.
Some firms also said the codes were difficult to print on some packaging materials.
“More importantly, the system is of little use in ensuring product safety, as it doesn’t deal with the quality of raw materials. Also, the system doesn’t apply to small food plants, and they have the most problems,” said Li Yu, director of Mars China.
In response, Song Mingchang, director of the system’s promotion office, said, “the administration will work with food companies to iron out problems as they arise. The AQSIQ has extended the deadline for the introduction of the codes, but the system is highly necessary.”
63. According to the passage, the new system has the following negative effects except _______.
A. slowdown in production B. increase in production costs
C. difficulty in printing codes D. closedown of small food plants
64. The underlined word “petition” in paragraph 5 most probably means _______.
A. a certificate B. a written request
C. an agreement D. a permit
65. It can be inferred from Song Mingchang’s response that _______.
A. the AQSIQ will have to give in to the food companies
B. some problems will arise from the food safety system
C. the AQSIQ will certainly carry out the food safety system
D. the food prices will increase sharply under the new system
66. What is the passage mainly about?
A. A new food safety system put in draft law.
B. A survey conducted among the food companies.
C. A new challenge faced by food companies.
D. A new way used by the AQSIQ to carry out the system.
D
A breathtaking trick potentially left over from our ancestors might be found in us — the ability to sense oxygen through our skin.
Amphibians, animals such as frogs that can live both on land and in water, have long been known to be capable of breathing through their skin. In fact, the first known lungless frog that breathes only through its skin was discovered recently in the rivers of Borneo.
Now the same oxygen sensors found in frog skins and in the lungs of mammals (哺乳動(dòng)物) have
unexpectedly been discovered in the skin of mice.
“No one had ever looked,” explained Randall Johnson, a biologist researcher.
Mice and frogs are quite distant relatives, so the fact they have these molecules (分子) in common in their skin suggests they might well be found in the skin of other mammals, such as humans.
“We have no reason to think that they are not in the skin of people too,” Johnson said.
These molecules not only detect oxygen, but help increase levels of vital red blood cells, which carry oxygen around the body. Normal mice breathing in air that is 10 percent oxygen—a dangerously low level similar to conditions at the top of Mount Everest, and about half that of air at sea level. However, mice that had the oxygen sensor HIF-1a genetically removed from their skin failed to produce this hormone (荷爾蒙) even after hours of such low oxygen.
These findings, if they hold true in humans, suggest one could raise the level of oxygen circulating inside the body. This could help treat lung diseases and disorders such as anemia (貧血癥) without injecting drugs, which make up a multibillion-dollar market, Johnson said.
Athletes also often try to get more oxygen delivered to their muscles in order to improve their performance. They often do this by training at high altitudes or in low-oxygen tents. The new study suggests they might want to expose their skin as well as breathing in low-oxygen air to improve their performance. “It’s hard to say what exactly might be done, however—there’s a lot we don’t know yet,” Johnson explained.
The scientists detailed their findings in the April 18 issue of the journal Cell.
67. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Johnson believes that Oxygen sensors also exist in human skin.
B. People have to surf the Internet to read detailed findings.
C. It has been proved that these findings help treat lung diseases.
D. It has long been expected oxygen sensors exist in mice’s skin.
68. One of the functions of the molecules mentioned above is _______.
A. carrying oxygen around the body B. improving athletes’ performance
C. detecting oxygen D. increasing level of oxygen
69. What is Johnson’s attitude to the application of the findings to the athletes’ training?
A. Negative B. Doubting C. Positive D. Hesitating
70. The best title of the passage may be _______.
A. Great Findings Benefits Athletes A Lot
B. Frogs And Mice Are Distant Relatives
C. First Known Animal Breathes Through Skin
D. Humans Might Sense Oxygen Through Skin
第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題 兩部分 共35分）
第四部分 任務(wù)型閱讀（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）
請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。
注意：每空格1個(gè)單詞。
Tai Chi exercises can help people with type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) control their condition, research suggests.
Two separate studies found a 12-week program of exercise was enough to improve the immune（免疫）system, and to cut blood sugar levels. The traditional Chinese martial art combines deep breathing and gentle movement to improve relaxation levels. Both studies, by researchers in Taiwan and Australia, appear in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.
The first study, by a team in Taiwan, compared 30 people with diabetes with 30 healthy people acting as controls. Over 12 weeks the participants learned 37 Tai Chi movements under the guidance of an expert, and took home a video to study the correct poses. They took part in three -hour-long sessions a week. At the end of the program, tests on the group with type 2 diabetes showed a drop in their blood sugar level, and an improvement in the level of cells and chemicals key to a healthy immune response.
Strenuous (過量的) physical activity is harmful to the immune system, but the latest study suggests that more appropriate exercise may have the opposite effect.
Previous research has suggested Tai Chi improves heart-related and breathing-related function, as well as improving flexibility and relieving stress.
The second study by the University of Queensland, based on just 11 participants, produced similar results. In this study the participants-who all had raised blood sugar levels-attended sessions of Tai Chi for 60 to 90 minutes three times a week. As well as a drop in blood sugar levels, the participants lost weight, and recorded significant falls in blood pressure. Insulin (胰島素) resistance was also improved. Participants also said they slept better, had more energy, felt less pain and had fewer food appetites while on the program.
Cathy Moulton from Diabetes UK recommends that people with diabetes do a minimum of 30 minutes of appropriate physical activity on at least five days of the week. She said: "Any activity that leaves you feeling warm and a little breathless but still able to hold a conversation counts as appropriate exercise—including energetically cleaning the house, quickly walking the dog and of course Tai Chi, the relaxation element of which may help to reduce stress levels.”
Title: Tai Chi ‘helps control diabetes’
Physical activity
Tai Chi
Cathy Moulton’s
79
common belief
the 72 research findings
the first study
the second study
For five days a week, people with diabetes should do at least 30 minutes’ appropriate physical activity until they feel warm and
80 breathless.
Physical activity consuming too much strength
Does 71 to immune system
More appropriate exercise, however, helps
73
the immune system.
It was carried out by a team in Taiwan with 60 participants, 74 of whom have diabetes. The tests showed the 75 group had their blood sugar level
76 and the level of cells improved.
The group lost their weight and had a drop in blood sugar level. Their blood pressure became 77 and they slept better, therefore they were more 78 and less painful.
71. 72. __________________________
73. 74. __________________________
75. 76. __________________________
77. 78. __________________________
79. 80. __________________________
第五部分：書面表達(dá)（滿分25分）
下面是德國漫畫大師?！W·卜勞恩的作品。請(qǐng)你寫一篇英語短文，描述這幅作品的內(nèi)容，然后就家庭教育方式這一話題發(fā)表你自己的看法（此部分不少于50詞）。
要求：1. 短文應(yīng)包括圖中所提供的主要信息。 2. 總詞數(shù)：150詞。 3. 參考詞匯：rug(n.) 地毯 spill(v.) 潑灑 試題答案 單選：21—25 ABABD 26—30 CBDCA 31—35 DCBAB 完形：36—40 BADCB 41—45 CDABD 46—50 CBCDA 51—55 DBDAD 閱讀：56—60 DCCAC 61—65 CADBC 66—70 AACCD 71. harm 72. latest 73. improve / strengthen 74. half / 30/50% 75. unhealthy/sick/diabetes/diseased 76. dropped 77. lower 78. energetic 79. suggestion / advice / recommendation 80. slightly One possible version: When the son tripped over a new rug and spilt some ink on it, his father was angry and decided to punish him. Coming back with a stick in his hand, the father was surprised to find his son painting a monkey where the rug was stained. Considering it as a creative idea to cover the stain and decorated the rug, the father joined his son by adding a dragon on it. Looking at their work, they were quite happy. I think parents should allow their kids more freedom even when they’ve done something wrong since making mistakes is a natural way they explore and learn new things, without which they cannot really grow up. Besides, parents should give their kids more encouragement and get actively involved in their activities. As a result, their relationship can be improved and the kids’ imagination and creativity can also be developed.
要求：1. 短文應(yīng)包括圖中所提供的主要信息。 2. 總詞數(shù)：150詞。 3. 參考詞匯：rug(n.) 地毯 spill(v.) 潑灑 試題答案 單選：21—25 ABABD 26—30 CBDCA 31—35 DCBAB 完形：36—40 BADCB 41—45 CDABD 46—50 CBCDA 51—55 DBDAD 閱讀：56—60 DCCAC 61—65 CADBC 66—70 AACCD 71. harm 72. latest 73. improve / strengthen 74. half / 30/50% 75. unhealthy/sick/diabetes/diseased 76. dropped 77. lower 78. energetic 79. suggestion / advice / recommendation 80. slightly One possible version: When the son tripped over a new rug and spilt some ink on it, his father was angry and decided to punish him. Coming back with a stick in his hand, the father was surprised to find his son painting a monkey where the rug was stained. Considering it as a creative idea to cover the stain and decorated the rug, the father joined his son by adding a dragon on it. Looking at their work, they were quite happy. I think parents should allow their kids more freedom even when they’ve done something wrong since making mistakes is a natural way they explore and learn new things, without which they cannot really grow up. Besides, parents should give their kids more encouragement and get actively involved in their activities. As a result, their relationship can be improved and the kids’ imagination and creativity can also be developed.