以下是為大家整理的關于高三英語復習：英語必備經(jīng)典句型的文章，希望對大家有所幫助！
為高中同學總結歸納了高中英語常用經(jīng)典句型，以下為高中英語常用必備常用句型有助于英語水平的提高，對于高考英語寫作有很大幫助的。
1.assoonas…一…就…=directly/immediately/instantly…
=thesecond/theminute/themoment/theinstant…
Eg.Hecamearoundtoseemeassoonas/themoment/immediatelyhecheckedinthehotel.
他剛一入住賓館就來看我.
Theyinformedusthenewsimmediately/directlytheygotit.
他們一得到消息就通知了我們.
Thepolicemancametothespotthemoment/theinstant/theminutesheheardoftheaccident.一聽說事故，這位警察就到了現(xiàn)場.
2.….before….
(1).沒來得及…就…
Therooffellbeforehehadtimetodashintotheroomtosavehisbaby.
他還沒有來得及沖進房間把孩子就出來，房頂就塌了.
HeranoffbeforeIcouldstophim.
Tomygreatdisappointment，myfavoritesingerlefttheconcertbeforeIcouldhaveawordwithhim.
(2).過了多久才怎么樣，動作進行到什么程度才怎樣
Theywalkedaboutthirtymilestothewestbeforetheysawavillage.
Theyworkeddayandnightaboutthreedaysbeforeeverythingreturnedtonormal.
ThreeyearspassedbeforeIknewit.
3.Itwas+時間段+before….過了多久才….；
Itwasnotlongbefore…不久就…
Itwill(not)be+時間段+before…要過多久(不久)…..才…..
Eg.Itwasnotlongbeforehesensedthedangeroftheposition.
Itwasthreeyearsbeforehecameback.
Itwillbehalfayearbeforeyougraduatefromthisschool.
4.nosooner…than…=hardly…when…一…就….，剛剛…就…
Nosooner/hardly+過去完成時，than/when+一般過去時
如果nosooner，hardly位于句首，主句要倒裝.
HehadhardlysatdowntohavearestwhenthedoorbellrangandincameAllan.
Nosoonerhadhegotoffthetrainthanhisdaughterrantowardshim.
Hardlyhadwearrivedwhenshestartedcryingtogohome.
5.once一旦….，表示時間和條件
Onceyouunderstandthisrule，youwillhavenofurtherdifficulty.
Onceyouhavedecidedtodosomething，youshoulddoitwell.
Onceyouenterthechemistrylab，youshouldfollowtheteacher’sinstructions.
6.since…自從….以來 Since引導的從句不論是延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性動詞，都表示的是動作或狀態(tài)的完成或結束. 注意一下句子翻譯： SincehelivedinNanjing，Ihavenotheardfromhim.(=sinceheleftNanjing…) 自從他離開南京以來，我沒有收到過他的信. SinceshewasinYangzhou，shehaskeptintouchwithherformerfriends.(sincesheleftYangzhou…) 她離開揚州以來，一直同過去的朋友保持著聯(lián)系. 對比： 1).Ihaveneverseenhimsincehewasill. 他病好后，我就再也沒有見到他. 2).Ihaveneverseenhimsincehefellill. 他生病以后我就再也沒有見過他. Itis/(hasbeen)+時間段+since+過去式 Itis/hasbeentwoyearssincehisfatherdied. =hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.=hisfatherdiedtwoyearsago. 他的父親去世兩年了. Ithasbeen8yearssinceIgraduatedfromuniversity. =Igraduatedfromuniversity8yearsago. Itis3yearssincehesmoked.他三年不吸煙了.(即，從句動詞延續(xù)性的，譯成否定意義；從句動詞非延續(xù)性的，譯成肯定意義.) Itis3yearssinceheleftschool.-----他畢業(yè)三年了. 7….until…直到…時候；not…until…直到…才… Youaretostayhereuntil/tillyourmothercomesback. Themeetingwasputoffuntilteno’clock. NotuntilwewatchedtheEarthDayprogramonTVdidweknowmuchaboutglobalwarning. =WedidnotknowmuchaboutglobalwarninguntilwewatchedtheEarthDayprogram. =ItwasnotuntilwewatchedtheEarthDayprogramonTVthatweknewmuchaboutglobalwarming. Notuntilhefailedintheexamdidherealizethathehadwastedmuchtimeplayingcomputergames. 8.…when…引導并列分句，“當時，突然”，強調(diào)另一動作的突然發(fā)生. OnedayChuckwasonaflightacrossthePacificOceanwhensuddenlyhisplanecrashed.Chucksurvivedthecrashandlandedonadesertedisland. IwaswalkingalongtheriverwhenIheardadrowningboycryingforhelp. Iwasabouttoleavewhenitbegantorain. 對比：A：IwaswalkingalongthestreetwhenIcaughtsightofatailor’sshop. B：Iwaswalkingalongthestreets.JustatthatmomentIcaughtsightofatailor’sshop. 9.while=although盡管 WhileIadmitthattheproblemisdifficult，Idon’tthinkthatitcan’tbesolved. WhileIadmithisgoodpoints，Icanseehisshortcomings. WhileIwasangrywithher，Ididn’tlosemytemper. 10.where地點狀語 Youshouldputthebookwhereitwas. Persistentpeoplebegintheirsuccesswhereothersendinfailure. Wherethereisawill，thereisaway. Wheremenaregreedy，thereisneverpeace. Gowhereyoushould，keeponstudying.
11.as引導的行為方式狀語從句. Pleasedoexactlyasyourdoctorsays. YoumustdotheexercisesjustasIshowyou Asitis=asthingsare照現(xiàn)在的情形看 Hepromisedtostudyhard，butasitis，hedoesnobetterthanbefore. Leavethehouseasitis.I’dliketobuyitasitis. 12.asif(asthough)好像 HelookedatmeasifIweremad. Hewasingreattrouble，butheactedif/thoughnothinghadhappened. Althoughtheyjustmetforthefirsttime，theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsformanyyears. Theremanyblackcloudsinthesky.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain. 13.though，although，as“雖然”，引導讓步狀語從句. Although位于句首；though位于句首或句中；as位于句中=though=that，它的詞序是把句中強調(diào)的形容詞，副詞，動詞或名詞放在連詞前.注意觀察下列句式變化： Although/ThoughI’myoung，IalreadyknowwhatcareerIwanttofollow. =Youngas/though/thatIam，IalreadyknowwhatcareerIwanttofollow. AlthoughIrespecthimverymuch，Icannotagreewithhisidea. =Muchas/that/thoughIrespecthim，Icannotagreewithhisidea. Although/thoughheisachild，heknowsalotofChinesecharacters. =Childas/though/thatheis，heknowsalotofChinesecharacters. Althoughhetried，hecouldn’tsolvetheproblem. =Tryashemight，hecouldn’tsolvetheproblem. Althoughitisraining，Iamgoingoutforawalk. =Rainingasitis，Iamgoingoutforawalk. 14.evenif=eventhough即使…也…；即便…也… Evenif/thoughIhavetosellmyhouse，I’llkeepmybusinessgoing. Shewon’tattendsuchpartieseventhough/ifsheisinvited. Youarenotstupid.Eventhough/ifyouwereslowinstudy，youshouldn’tgiveupstudies. Theboywasbadlyinjuredanddiedatlast.Evenifhehadbeenattendedwithoutdelay， hecouldn’thavebeensaved. 15.whether…or…不管…還是… Whethertheweatherisgoodorbad，theywillsetoffastheyplanned. Whetherhedrivesortakesthetrain，hewillbehereontime. Anyperson，whetheryoungorold，hashisworth，independentofachievements，bankaccountsorlooks.
16.疑問詞+ever Whatever，whoever，whichever，whenever，wherever，whoever均引導讓步狀語從句，相當于nomatter與what，who，which，when，where，how連用. Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)mayhappen，weshallnotlosehope. Whoever/Nomatterwhocomes，hewillbewelcome. Whenever/Nomatterwhenithappened，itwascertainlynotyesterday. Wherever/Nomatterwherehewent，hemadefriendswithpeople. 17.unless除非，如果不(=if…not) Ishallgotomorrowunlessitrains. ------ShallTomgoandplayfootball？ ------Notunlesshehasfinishedhishomework. Unlessthesunweretoriseinthewest，Iwouldn’tbreakmyword. Iwon’tattendhisbirthdaypartyunlessinvited(=unlessIaminvited) 18.as/solongas只要 So/aslongasyoukeepontrying，youwillsurelysucceed. So/aslongasyousticktoyourplansforyourstudy，youaresuretomakegreatprogress. -----Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon？ -----Iwillprobablygoforawalklateronsolongasitstaysfine. 19.supposing/suppose(that)假定；假如 Suppose/supposing(that)Idon’thaveadayoff，whatshallwedo？ Supposexequalstoy，thenyoucanworkouttheresult. Providing/provided(that)=onconditionthat假如，在…條件下 I’lllendyouthemoneyonconditionthatyoucanreturnitinthreemonths. I’llgoproviding/providedthatmyexpensesarepaid. 20.given(that)…=take….intoconsideration鑒于，考慮到 Giventhegovernment’srecordonunemployment，theirchancesofwinningtheelectionlookpoor. Giventheirinterestinchildren/giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren，Iamsureteachingistherightcareerforher. Grantedthat的確 Grantedthatit’sasplendidcar，buthaveyouseenwhatitcosts？
21.incasethat…萬一；以防；incaseof+n萬一 Incase(that)Johncomes/shouldcome，pleasetellhimtowait. (incasethat后謂語用一般現(xiàn)在時或should+動詞原型) PleaseremindmeaboutitincaseIforget/shouldforget. Pleasetakemyumbrellaincase(that)itrains/shouldrain. Incaseoffire，whatshouldwedo？ 22.祈使句(表條件)+orelse/or/otherwise+主句(表結果)….否則…，要不然…. Pleasecallmeupbeforeyoucome，otherwise/orelse/orwemightbeout. Hurryup，oryouwillbelate. 祈使句(表條件)+and+主句(表結果) Givehimaninchandhewilltakeamile. Beunitedandcooperatewitheachotherandonlyinthiswaycanwesaveourearth. 23.as(so)…as…和…一樣 HenryisasgoodaplayerasPeter(is). Heworkedasfastasaskilledworker(did). Wewillgiveyouasmuchhelpaswecan. 24.形容詞/副詞比較級+than 注意：形容詞和副詞的比較級前還可以加一個表示程度的修飾語，常用的修飾語是： (1).alittle，abit，slightly稍微；一些 (2).Much，alot，greatly，agreatdeal，far，byfar….得多 (3).Still，even，rather更 (4).Any一般用于疑問句，表示‘一些”；“稍微” (5).倍數(shù)或數(shù)量詞. Thistextisalittle(abit)moredifficultthantheother. Hehasmadefargreaterprogressthistermthanhedidlastterm. Withthedevelopmentofsociety，peopleinChinaareagooddealricherthanbefore. Heistwoyearsolderthan=heisolderthanIbytwoyears. AsiaisthreetimeslargerthanEurope. =AsiaisthreetimesaslargeasEurope. =AsiaisthreetimesthesizeofEurope. 還應注意，當more作為many，much的比較級時，其修飾語分別是 (1).many，afew，+more+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) (2)much，alittle，abit，agreatdeal+more+不可數(shù)名詞 (3).alot，some，far，any+more+可數(shù)或不可數(shù)均可，more譯作“另外” I’vemadealot(many)moremistakesthanyou’ve Hehasbuiltupalargebusinessandearnedmuchmoremoneythanbefore. 25.byfar最….；比….得多 注意：byfar既可修飾比較級又可修飾級，注意byfar在句中的位置. Heworkedharderbyfarthanhiselderbrother. Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwobasketballplayers. Heisbyfarthetallestofalltheplayersontheteam. Hisexplanationisbyfarclearerthantheoldone.
26.the+比較級….，the+比較級……越…，越….. Themoreyouneed，thebetteryouunderstand. Thehigherupyougo，thecolderitbecomes. Abodyweighslessthefurtheritgetsfromthesurfaceoftheearth. =Thefurtheritgetsfromthesurfaceoftheearth，thelessthebodyweights. Thesooner，thebetter. 27.no+比較級+than表示“A和B都不……” Not+比較級+than表示“A不如B……” Thisbookisnomoreinterestingthanthatone. HeworksnoharderthanI.他和我都不用功. Hedoesn’tworkharderthanI.他不如我用功 Morethan不僅僅nomorethan只不過，僅僅notmorethan=atmost不多于 Therearenomorethantenstudentsintheclassroom. Therearenotmorethantenstudentsintheclassroom. Heisnomorethanachild，soIdon’ttakehimtooseriously. Inourstudents’eyes，heismorethanateacher，heismorelikeourfriend. More+adj/n+than+adj/n與其說……倒不如說…… Heismoreofastudentthanofateacher.與其說他是個老師，倒不如說他是個學生. Heismorediligentthanclever.與其說他聰明，倒不如說他勤奮. 28.superior較高的，上好的，出眾的，高傲的 Senior年長的，資格較老的，地位較高的，高級的 Junior年少的，下級的，和to搭配 Thiswesternrestaurantissuperiortotheonewewenttolastweek. Heisthreeyearsjuniortome=Heisjuniortomethreeyears. Sheisseniortoeveryoneelseinthecompany. 29.so+adj/adv+that；such(a/an)+adj+that“如此…..以至于…..”引導結果狀語從句. HisEnglishwassolimitedthathecouldn’tunderstandwhatthenativespeakerssaid. Hewassodevotedtohisstudentsthatheoftenfellillfromoverworking. Itwassuchwarmweatherthatwewentswimming. Tabletennisissuchapopulargamethatpeopleallovertheworldplayit. 還應注意： (1)當名詞前有many/much/few/little修飾時， 用so+n=that結構.即somany/much/few/little+n+that… Thereweresomanypeopleinthestreetwatchingthefirethatfirefighterscouldn’tgetclosetothebuilding. TheWesternerseatsomuchfatandsugarthattheyputonweighteasily. Thecountryhassolittlecoalthatithastoimportlargequantitiesofcoal. Therearesofewfishinthepoolthatwecan’tfishthemeasily. (2)such+a/an+adj.+n+that=so+adj.+a/an+n+that Heissuchanhonestpersonthatyoucandependonhimwhenyou’reintrouble. Heissohonestapersonthatyoucandependonhimwhenyou’reintrouble. (3)由so…that和such…that引導的結果狀語從句的倒裝結構.當so和其后的形容詞或副詞；such連詞后的名詞放在句首時，主句使用倒裝結構 Suchgreatprogresshashemadeinhisstudiesthatwealladmirehim. (4)such…that句型的特殊性：such后可以不出現(xiàn)adj和n，也可以倒裝. Hisbehaviorwassuchthatallhisfriendsdesertedhim. =Suchwashisbehaviorthatallhisfriendsdesertedhim. Theforceoftheexplosionwassuchthatallthewindowswerebroken. =Suchwastheforceoftheexplosionthatallthewindowswerebroken. 30.inorderthat；sothat(為了….)引導目的狀語從句 Hegotupearlyinorderthat/sothathecouldcatchthefirstbus. Heclosedallthewindowswhiledrivingsothatheshouldn’tcatchcold. (sothat否定句要用shouldn’t) Sothat引導結果狀語從句 對比：(1).hesetoffearly，sothathecaughtthefirstbus. (2).hesetoffearlysothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.
31.soasto/inorderto/to為了.作目的狀語 Hewenthometoseehismother. Heshoutedandwavedsoastobenoticed. Johnhurriedsoasnottobelatefortheparty. Modernequipmentisfittedinourclassroomforallthestudentstostudywell. Theletterwasreadoutforallinthecourttohear. 注意：todo/inordertodo可放在句首，soasto不可 (1)._____lateinthemorning，Bobturnedoffthealarm. A.HavingsleptB.TosleepC.SleepingD.Sleep (2).-------Dad，Whydoyoubuysomanytapesformetolistento？ -----______yourlistening. A.ImproveB.ImprovingC.HavingimprovedD.Toimprove (3).Dowhateveryoucould_____him. A.helpB.tohelpC.helpingD.helping 注意：只有不定式todo/inordertodo/soastodo可以作目的狀語 Onlytodo表示未曾料到的愉快或不愉快的結果： Shewokeearlyonlytofinditwasraining. Hegothomeonlytolearnthathisfatherwasill. Hegottothestationonlytofindthetrainhadgone. “Liftingarockonlytodropitonone’sfeet”isaChinesefolksaying. ShehurriedbackonlytofindheroldfriendGeorgewaitingforhim. 對比： 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主句動作所造成的結果： Hewascaughtintherain，thuscatchingcold. Theircarwascaughtinthetrafficjam，thuscausingthedelay. Todo作結果狀語：(表示不愉快或意外結果) Hemustbedeafnottohearthat.他聾得聽不見. Shewentabroadnevertoreturn.她出國了，結果再也沒回來. 32.so+adj/adv+asto如此…以至于…作結果狀語： Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle？ Hewassofoolishastobelievesuchaman. Such…..asto如此…以至于…作結果狀語： Don’tbesoupset，myillnessisnotsuchastocauseanxiety. Heissuchafoolastothinkthatheissomebodyandinfluenceothers. 他愚蠢地認為他是個了不起的大人物，可以影響其他人. 33.….enoughto….作結果狀語，“足夠…可以…” Heisoldenoughtogotoschool. Toourgreatsurprise，childasheis，heisboldenoughtorobpassers-by. Weareoldenoughtomakeagreatdifferencetotheworld. Thechampionranwellenoughtosetupanotherworldrecordindeedifshehadtriedharder. 她的確跑得相當快，不過要是她再努力一些，作為冠軍就會再次創(chuàng)造一個世界記錄. 34.too…to作結果狀語，“太….而不能” Inmyopinion，theproblemwithmoststudentsliesinthefactthattheyaretooshytospeakEnglishinpublic. Wearenevertoooldtolearn. Heistooclevernottoreadourtricks.他非常聰明完全可以識破我們的詭計. 35.can’t/cannever和too，toomuch，enough，over搭配表示“無論怎樣……都不過分” Whileyouaredoingyourhomework，youcan’tbecarefulenough. Heissuchagreatmanthatwecan’tpraisehimtoomuch. ThedevelopmentofsocietyhasmadeitnecessaryforustohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish，sowecan’toveremphasizetheimportanceoflearningEnglish. Sinceit’sagoodthing，wecan’tdoittoosoon.
36.不定式作主語，it作形式主語 It+系動詞(be，seem….)+adj/n+(forsb)+todosth. It’simportantforustohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish. It’sourdutytohelpothers. It’sapleasure(forus)togopicnickinginsuchpleasantweather. It’snormalfortheprofessionalworkersthesedaystoprefertoliveinthecountryside. It’sapityfortheretobeanydisagreementinthefamily. It+系動詞(be，seem….)+adj/n+(ofsb)+todosth.(adj.表示了人物的品質特征) Itishonestofhimtoreturnallthemoneytotheloser. Howrudeofhimtotreatachildlikethat！=It’srudeofhimtotreatachildlikethat. 37.不定式作賓語，it作形式賓語 主語+think/believe/feel/make+it+adj/n+of/forsb+todo Ibelieveitquitepossiblefortheenemytotakeusbysurprisetonight. Ithinkitgoodmannerstosayhellotoyourteacherswheneveryoumeetthem. Ifeelitgreedyofhimtotakepossessionofhisparents’house. Thedevelopmentofsciencehasmadeitquiteconvenientforustogetintouchwithothers. Thegoodatmosphereofstudyhasmadeitpossibleforustostudywell. 38.have+n=do讓某人去干….(一次性動作) have+n+doing讓……持續(xù)(反復進行) have+n+done請人干……/使遭受到…../使某事完成 hehadhisstudentstranslatingsentencesallthetimeinclass. I’llhavethereporttypedbythesecretary. Yesterdayonthebushehadhismoneystolen. Don’tbeworried，I’llseetothematterandhaveeverythingpreparedwellinadvance. 39.won’t/can’thave+n+doing/done不能容忍某行為發(fā)生 It’srudeofyoutospeaktomotherlikethatandIwon’thaveyouspeakingtoMotherlikethatinfuture. Ican’thaveyousmokinglikethat. Wecan’thaveanythingdoneagainsttheschoolrules. 40.get+n+todo讓某人去干……(一次性行為) get+n+doing使……開始……/使……動起來 get+n+done請人干…../使某事做完 theteachergotthestudentoreadthenewstohisclassmates. Theboyisalwayskeepingsilent.Canyougethimtalking？ Theworkersareonstrike.Canyougetthemworking？
41.catchsbdoing撞見……正在干…… Thethiefcaughtstealingwassenttothepolicestation. Severalstudentswerecaughtcheatinginthecollegeentranceexaminationandwerepunishedseverely. Send+n+doing使…..快速….. Thearrivalofpolicesenttherobbersrunningawayquickly. Workcamethathisfatherwasbadlyill.Thesadnewssenthimgoinghomeatonce. 42.獨立結構： 無論是不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞作狀語，一般情況下要求前后邏輯主語一致.但有些結構表明說話人的態(tài)度，判斷或一般看法，不要求邏輯主語的一致性，是一個獨立的插入成分. 不定式： Tobefrank；tobehonest；totellthetruth；tobesafe；tobeshort Tobeshort，wearefacedwithmanyissuesandneedtotakeimmediateactiontosolvethem. 現(xiàn)在分詞： Comparatively/frankly/exactly/generally/honestly/properly/roughlyspeaking Speakingof/talkingof談到/說道……judgingfrom從….來判斷 Considering考慮到……鑒于.；就…..而論 Granting假定；姑且認為 Talkingoflookingforjobs，whatkindofjobwouldyouliketodointhefuture？ Judgingfromthelookonhisface，hewaslying. Grantingthistobetrue/thatthisistrue，whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromit？ 43.It形式主語 It+系動詞(be./seem…)+nogood/nouse/useless+doingsth Itisnogoodreadingwithoutfullunderstanding. Heistoostubborntochangehismind.It’snousearguingwithhim. Asastudent，it’snogoodstayinguptoolate. There+系動詞(be/seem….)+nodoingsth=it’simpossibletodo….做…..是不可能的 Thereisnofinishingtheworkinsuchashorttime. =it’simpossibletofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime. Thereislittletimeleft，sothereisnoarrivingthereontime. There’snosayingwhathe’llbedoingnext. 44.with獨立主格結構作定語或狀語： (1)with+n+n(with可省略) Theworkforceismadeupof400workers，(with)mostofthemwomen. =theworkforceismadeupof400workers，andmostofthemarewomen. =theworkforceismadeupof400workers，mostofwhomarewomen. (2)with+n+adj(with可省略) Thestudentswerelisteningtotheteacher，theireyeswideopen(=andtheireyeswerewideopen). (3)with+n+adv(with可以省略) Themeetingover，wereturnedtotheclassroom.=whenthemeetingwasover，wereturnedtotheclassroom. Hepulledonhisshirt，wrongsideout.=hepulledonhisshirt，butthewrongsidewasout. (4)(with)+n+prep–phrase Theoldmansatonthechair，withapipeinhismouth/pipeinmouth. Thesoldierstoodthere，guninhand. (5)(with)+n+todo/tobedone(表示將來動作) Wearrivedatthestationat10：00，withthetraintoleaveat10：30. Withsomanypeopletohelpthepeopleintheflood-strickenarea，theyaresuretogetoverallthehardship. (6)(with)+n+doing/beingdone(表示正在進行)/havingdone(動作已經(jīng)完成) Itbeingsunny，thechildrendecidedtogoouting.=asitwassunny，thechildrendecidedtogoouting. Hismotherfallingillsuddenly，hehadtocancelhistriptolookafterher.=becausehismotherfellillsuddenly，hehadtocancelhistriptolookafterher. Weatherpermitting，we’llflytoGuangzhoutoday.=ifweatherpermits，we’llflytoGuangzhoutoday. Theguestshavingleft，shesetouttotidyuptheroom.=aftertheguestshadleft，shesetouttidyuptheroom. Thefreewaybeingrepaired，wehadtotakeotherwaystoreturntoBeijing.=becausethefreewayisbeingrepaired，wehadtotakeotherwaystoreturntoBeijing. (7)With+n+done/havingbeendone Herglassesbroken，shecouldn’tseethewordsontheblackboard. Hestoodthere，hishandscrossedonthechest，lookingratherproud. Eg.1.______littletimeleft，you’dbetterwalkasfastaspossible.B 2.As______notimeleft，you’dbetterwalkasfastaspossible.D A.BeingB.TherebeingC.ItbeingD.Thereis 3.It______Sunday，wewentouttoplay.B 4.Becauseit_____Sunday，wewentouttoplay.A A.wasB.beingC.wereD.tobe 5.Hesatthere，hiseyes_____(fix)ontheblackboard.(fixed) 6.Theteacherwasgivinglessons，severaloldmen_____(seat)atthebackoftheclassroom.(seated) 45.疑問詞+不定式=疑問詞+weshall/shoulddo… WhentoleaveforLondonhasnotbeendecidedyet. WhenweshouldleaveforLondonhasnotbeendecidedyet. Mr.Smithdidn’tknowwhethertoleaveorstaythere. IaskedprofessorXuhowtolearnEnglishwell. Thequestionwaswheretogetthemedicineneeded. Idon’tknowwhattodonext.=Idon’tknowwhatweshoulddonext.
46.it+seem/appearthat句型 句型轉換： (1).Itseemsthatheisenjoyinghimself.=heseemstobeenjoyinghimself. (2).ItseemsthathehasbeenadmittedtoBeijinguniversity.=HeseemstohavebeenadmittedtoBeijinguniversity. (3).Itappearsthattherehasbeenamistake.=thereappearstohavebeenamistake. 47.itisthought/considered/believedthat…..句型 句型轉換： (1).It’sbelievedthatChinapromisestobeamongthepowerfulcountriesintheworld. =Chinaisbelievedtopromisetobeamongthepowerfulcountryintheworld. (2).Itisbelievedthathehasbeenworkinghardandwillbegivenarisebytheboss. =Heisbelievedtohavebeenworkinghardandtobegivenarisebytheboss. 48.hadhopedtodo=hopedtohavedone表示沒有實現(xiàn)的希望，打算，意圖. 類似的詞還有expect，think，intend，mean，suppose，want Wouldlike/lovetohavedone….；was/weretohavedone…. Ihadhoped/intended/meant/expected/wantedtocallonmygrandfathertheotherday，butIwaspreventedbyaheavyrain. ------Didyougotoseethefilm“Titanic”yesterday？ ------Iwouldliketohave，butmymothersuddenlyfellillandIhadtoattendher. DidyouattendTom’sbirthdaypartyyesterday？ I’dliketohave，butIwasonduty. 49.主語+be+adj+todo….不定式說明主語在那些方面存在形容詞所具備的特點. Heiseasygoing，soIthinkheisquitetogetalongwith. Thesolutiontotheproblemisdifficulttoseek. Thepollutedriverisunfittobathein. 50.ing形式作賓語 Admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，face，feellike，finish，forgive，giveup，imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practice，putoff，resist，risk，suggest，understand，can’thelp，fancy，can’tstand+v-ing. Eg.朗讀并背誦下列句子： Imustapologizefornotlettingyouknowaheadoftime. Theflighttoshanghaiwasputofftakingoffduetothefog. -----Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon？-----I’mthinkingofgoingtovisitmyaunt. Haveyoumadeanyplanforcelebratingyourbirthday？Onreachinghome，shegotdowntocooking. Theyhurriedonforfearofbeingcaughtintherain. Themanwilldiewithoutbeingoperatedon. Heusedtoplaycardswithhisfriends，butnowheisusedtotakingawalkafersupper. WelookforwardtomakingatriptoHangzhou. Aftercooking，Mothersetaboutmakingtea. Shetakesgreatpleasureinhelpingothers. Afraidofbeinglateforschool，hewalkedingreathurry. Heinsistedonbeingsenttotheplacewherehewasmostneeded. Educationisthekeytospeedingupourmodernization. Hedoesn’tfeellikegoingtotheexhibitiontoday. Notbeingabletostandbeinglaughed，hehittheboyintheface. Onthewayhome，Billkeptonaskinghisfathersuchquestions. Nowadaysindevelopedcountries，peoplepreferredlivinginthecountrysidetolivinginthecity. Thedeerwassoluckythatitjustmissedbeingshotbythehunter. -----Whatdoyouthinkofthefilmlastnight？ -----Oh，excellent.It’swellworthseeingasecondtime. Iwouldhighlyappreciateyourcallingbackthisafternoon. Weareconsideringchangingtheplan.Onaccountoftherain，headvisedpostponingholdingthesportsmeettillnextweek. Hearingtheexcitingnews，Icouldn’thelpjumpingwithjoy. HaveyoufinishedrepairingtheTVset？ It’sgoodhabittopracticereadingaloudearlyinthemorning. Asyouknow，studyingmeansworkinghard. Thelakeispolluted.Wedon’tallowswimminghere. Whyhavetheydelayedholdingthesportsmeet？ Sue’sfailingintheexaminationmadeherparentsveryangry. Idon’tlikestrangerslisteningtoourtalk. Iunderstandyournotwantingtogotothemeeting. Wemustdosomethingtopreventthelakebeingpolluted. Theywouldratherspendtimestudyingthanwonderinthestreet. Theyisnouseourdiscussingitanyfurthernow. -----whatmadeyousoworried？------Missingtheplane.
51.–ing作賓語 Forget，remember，regret，try，mean，goon，stop Forgetdoing忘記曾做過……forgettodo忘記去做(沒做)…… It’sfunnythatIforgottellinghimandwenttotellhimagain. Whenyouleavetheclassroom，don’tforgettoputawayallthethings. Rememberdoing記得做過……remembertodo記著要去做…… IstillrememberbeingtakentoBeijingwhenIwasyoung. Whenyoupassbythepostoffice，doremembertoposttheletterforme. Regretdoing后悔；遺憾做過……regrettodo很遺憾要做…… Ididn’tpasstheexam.HowIregrettedhavingwastedsomuchtimeplaying. Iregrettotellyouthenewsthatyouwillbefirednextmonth. Trydoing嘗試做……trytodo盡力干…… Ifyoucan’tworkoutthemathsprobleminthisway，whynottryusinganotherway？ Asastudent，weshouldtrytobeall-around，weshouldsimplyseekhighmarks. Meandoing意味著……meantodo打算要…… Ihadmeanttocomeearlyforthemeeting，butIwasheldupbythetrafficjam. Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanothertwohours. Goondoing繼續(xù)干原來所做的事情goontodo做完一件事，接著做另一件事 Tiredandthirstyastheywere，theywentonworkinginthesun. AfterwefinishlearningLessonOne，wewillgoontodosomelistening. Stoptodo…..停下來去做…….Stopdoing…….停止做…… Stopspeakingandjustlistentome. Whenhesawwewereintrouble，hestoppedtohelpusout. Thanksbfordoing謝謝某人做過…… Thanksbtodosth拜托某人干…… Thankyouforhelpingmesomuch. I’llthankyoutoleavemythingsalone.It’snoneofyourbusiness. Need/require/want(需要)/deserve(值得)+doing(主動表被動) Beworthdoing主動表被動 Ithasbeenalongtimesincethehousewasthoroughlycleaned.NowasNewYear’sDayisaroundthecorner，Ithinkthehouseneeds(requires，wants)cleaning.(=thehouseneeds/requires/wantstobecleaned) Heisworthpraising.=hedeservespraising，forhehasdonesomanygoodthings. Hiscarhasbeeninbadrepairandnowitbadlyneedsrepairing. Devote….to/lookforwardto/stickto/beusedto/objectto反對/getdownto著手干+doing(to為介詞) Ilookforwardtohearingfromyousoon. Hedevotedallhislifetoteachingandhasnotimetoattendhischildren. Mymotherstronglyobjectedtomyplayingcomputergamesinthecyberbar. Wellprepared，theygotdowntoshootingtheTVplay. But/except+todo/do 這種句型如介詞前有行為動詞do，后面應接不帶to的不定式；如無do，則接帶to的不定式. Theenemysoldiershadnochoicebuttogivein. Howhappilythebabylives，itdoesnothingbuteat，sleepandplay. Facedwithdisasters，thereisnothingforustodobutkeepupourcourageandtakeaction. Incoldwinter，mostcold-bloodedanimalshavenochoicebuttoliedownandsleep. Hadbetter/bestdo….干….. Whenhurricaneiscoming，you’dbetterstayindoor. Nowthatyouhavebeenboredwiththelifeinthecountryside，you’dbettergotothecitiestoseekmorechances. Prefertodoratherdo….愿意干….而不愿意干…. Wouldratherdothando=woulddoratherthando…… Ratherthanrideonacrowdedbus，healwayspreferstorideabicycle. I’dratherreadsomethingathomethangototheparkinsuchweather. Cannotbut，/cannothelpbut，/cannotchoosebut+do不得不….；只好….. Wecouldnotbutweepatourbadluck. It’sraininghard.Icannothelpbutstayathome. Beingendangered，mostanimalcannotchoosebutwantfortheirdestiny. Therebe句型表示什么地方有….. 52.注意：therebe之后如有幾個并列主語時，用is或are取決于第一個主語是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)，單數(shù)用is，復數(shù)用are. Thereisapen，apencilandtwobooksonthedesk. Thereareseveralstudentsplayingontheplayground. TherewillbeanimportantconferencenamedTheEarthSummittobeheldhere. Therehavebeengreatchangesinmyhometowneversince1978. Theremustbesomethingwrongwiththecellphone. 注意：therebe句型也可以有其它形式變化，常見的有seemtobe，happentobe，appeartobe，usedtobe，islikelytobe Thereseems/appearstobemuchhopeofourteamwinningthematch. Thereislikelytobemoredifficultiesthanexpectedwhilecarryingouttheexperiment. Thethiefbrokein，tohisdelight，therehappenedtobenobodyintheroom. 注意therebe句型中的be動詞，也可以替換成其它詞，常見的有l(wèi)ive，remain，come，stand，lie，occur，exist，follow等動詞. Oncetherelivedmanydinosaursheremillionsandmillionsofyearsago. Therestandsaskyscraperinfrontourteachingbuilding. Therecameatimewhenmostofpeoplehadnofreedomtospeak. Thereoccurred/existedhumanbeingsabout5000yearsago. Therefollowedadeadsilenceafterastrangenoise. Thereexistseriousproblemsintheworldandweshouldtakeactiontosolvethembeforeitistoolate. 注意：therebe句型的獨立主格形式作狀語： Therebeingnobuses，wehadtowalkhome. =becausetherewerenobuses，wehadtowalkhome. Therehavingbeennorainforalongtime，thecropsinthefielddied. =becausetherehadbeennorainforalongtime，thecropsinthefielddied. (有連詞用句子，沒有連詞用therebe獨立主格形式作狀語) Therebe句型的非謂語形式： Idon’twanttheretobeanymisunderstandingsbetweenus. What’sthechanceoftherebeinganelectionthisyears？ It’snotunusualfortheretobeagenerationgapbetweenteachersandstudents. Thereisnopoint/senseindoingso. 53.It’suptosbtodo…..由…..來；靠….來… Whetherwegiveuporgoonwiththeexperiment，it’salluptoourtutorprofessortodecide. It’suptoyoutobabysitmysonwhenIamawayonbusiness. Beuptosth勝任，從事于 Michaelisnotreallyuptothatjob. Theyarewhisperinginthecornerasiftheyareuptonogood. 54.do，does，did用于一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時強調(diào)謂語動詞 對比： Heisanall-aroundstudent.//Hedoesbeanall-aroundstudent. Hetookgreatpainstohelpus.//hedidtakegreatpainstohelpus. Becareful！//Dobecareful！ Youteenagersdomakegreatdifferencetoyourparents. 55.it強調(diào)句 強調(diào)句的基本構成：Itis/was+被強調(diào)部分+who/that+剩余部分 原句的謂語動詞如果是現(xiàn)在或將來時態(tài)用Itis….that/who…. 如原句的謂語動詞是過去時態(tài)，則用Itwas….that/who…. 強調(diào)時間，地點，原因或方式時不要用when，where，how，必須用that. (1)Isawhiminthestreetyesterdayafternoon. ---ItwasIwhosawhiminthestreetyesterdayafternoon. (2)whendidyouseehiminthestreet？ ----whenwasitthatyousawhiminthestreet？ (3)whodidyouseeinthestreetyesterday？ ----whowasitthatyousawinthestreetyesterday？ (4)hedidn’tgotobeduntilhismothercameback. ----Itwasnotuntilhismothercamebackthathewenttobed. (5)Idon’tknowwhenhewillcomeback. ----Idon’tknowwhenitisthathewillcomeback. (6)Itisonlywhenyounearlylosesomeonethatyoufullyrealizehowmuchyouvaluehim. ----Onlywhenyounearlylosesomeone，youfullyrealizehowmuchyouvaluehim. (7)Itwasn’tuntilhisfathercamebackfromworkthathegotdowntodoinghishomework. (8)Itwasbecausethetrafficwasveryheavyduringtherushhour，Iwaslateagain.
56.as/sofaras…….就……而言 SofarasIknow，thebookwillbepublishednextmonth. AsfarasI’mconcerned，chattingonlineisawasteoftimeandmoney. 57.what/howabout……怎么樣，表示建議 Howaboutsigningupforthephysicscompetition？ WhataboutthetwoofusgoingpicnickingthisSunday？ 58.Itfollowsthat……因此….. Itisnaturalforpeopletobeattractedtobeautifulthings.Itfollowsthatmostwomendesirenothingbuttolookbeautiful. Withthedevelopmentofsociety，itisnecessaryforusstudentstohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishandcomputer.ItfollowsthatweshouldworkhardatEnglish. 59.Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想到….. ItoccurredtomethatIhadeverseenhimbefore. ItoccurredtomethatIshouldaskthepoliceforhelp. 60.thereisnoneedto…沒有必要…. Asaboyofeighteen，heknowshowtotakecareofhim，sothereisnoneedtobeworriedabouthim. Thereisnoneedtoworryaboutsuchasmallmistake.
61.it’syourturnto…輪到你…. It’syourturntomakeafewremarksatthemeeting. Whoseturnisittobeonduty/it’smyturn. 62.it’stimetodo….該是做….的時候了 It’stimeforustomeetchallengesandtoproveourabilities. It’stimeforustofightagainsttheenemyanddefendourmotherland. 63.usedtodo….過去常?！? Get/beusedtodoing….習慣于….. Thereusedtobemanyoldhousesinthecenterofthecity. Ihavebeenusedtolivingoncampus. Thegirlusedtobefat.Butafterbeingonadietforalongtime，shewasmuchthinnerthanbefore. 64.what’s…..like…？….如何/怎么樣？用于問事物的外表特征和內(nèi)在品質 Whatdoes….looklike？“…..長得怎么樣？”僅強調(diào)外表特征 ------what’stheweatherliketoday？-------Itseemstobeclearingup. ------what’shisfatherlike？-----hisfatherishandsome，andeasy-going. 類似的句型： Whatdoyouthinkofsth/sb？ Howdoyoulikesb/sth？ Howdoyoufindsb/sth？ Howdoyoufeelaboutsb/sth？ 65.it’slikesbtodosth.這很象….的所作所為 It’squitelikehimtohavebeensorudetothestrangers. It’squitelikehimtoanswerforwhathehasdone.
66.whenitcomestosth….當談到…..；臨到….情況 Whenitcomestohelpinghiswifewiththehousework，Johnnevercomplains. Whenitcomestoplayingcomputergames，hewouldbeveryexcitedandfullofenergy. 67.howdidsbcometo….=howcome(that)….為什么….；是怎樣…. 固定表達，要求對發(fā)生的事情解釋或說明理由 Howdidyoucometofindoutwhereshe’sliving？ =Howcomethatyoufoundoutwhereshe’sliving？ Howcomethatyousattheredoingnothing？ =howdidyoucometositthere，doingnothing？ Howdidyoucometobesofoolish？ Howcomeyouarelateagain？ 68.betodo…. 分析并背誦betodo在下列句子中的意義： (1)I’mtoinform(=mustinform，表示責任或必要)youthatyouaretomake(表正式的，不以個人意志而改變的安排)aspeechatthemeetingtomorrow. (2)youaretobecongratulated.你應受到祝賀. (3)thebookisnottobefound.書不可能找到.(表可能) (4)everymemberofthepartywastopayhisownexpense.(表示命令) (5)atwhattimeamItobethere？(命令) (6)ifitweretoraintomorrow，themeetingwouldbeputoff.(表示虛擬) (7)heescapedfromhishometownandhewasnevertoseehiswifeandhisfamily.(表示預示命運) 69.nonethe+比較級毫不…… Heisnonetheworseforfallingintotheriver. Aftertakingthemedicine，I’mnonethebetter. Afterastayofthirtyminutesinthesea，hewentout，coldandwetthrough，butnonetheworsefortheexperience. 70.it’sonly/justamatterofdoing…….只不過是…..；….無非是….. (1)LearningEnglishisjustamatterofdoingmorelistening，speaking，readingandwriting. (2)Bringupachildisnotonlyamatteroffeeding，clothingandhousinghim.Youmustgivehimaself-confidenceandalsolethimknowsomeimportantvaluesinlife.
71.youhavetobe+adj+todo……要想…..，你還需…… (1)youhavetoberichtoliveinsuchanexpensiveandbeautifulhouse. (2)yuohavetobeoldtofightwithme. (3)youhavetobeyoungtoclimbupthemountainasfastasI. 72.farbeitfrommetodo….but….=onnoaccount/bynomeansamItodo…，but…. 我決不想……；我無意干…..，但是…. (1)farbeitfrommetointerfereinyouraffairsbutIwouldliketogiveyouonlyonepieceofadvice. (2)farbeitfrommetosaybutIamproudofbeingadmittedtoOxford，thishalloweduniversityoflearning.(神圣的學府) 73.全部倒裝句1 Here，there，out，in，up，down，now，then等副詞放于句首，句子全部倒裝. Theregoesthebell！=thebellisringing！ Herecomesthebus=thebusiscoming Outrushedthestudentsonhearingthecryforhelpinthedarkness. Nowcomesyourturntomakeafewremarkshere. Awayranthethiefthemomenthesawthepolicemen. Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto. 注意：(1)在這種情況下倒裝僅限于不及物動詞或be動詞，象go，come，rush等 (2)主語如是代詞不倒裝 Awayhewent 全部倒裝句2 方位狀語在句首，句子全倒裝： Infrontofthehousestoppedapolicecar. Nearbyweretwocanoesinwhichtheyhadcometotheisland. 全部倒裝句3；adj/V-ing/V-ed(+地點狀語)+be…. Presentatthemeetingwerethemanager，allthedesignersandthewriter. Sittingatthebackoftheclassroomwereseveraloldteachers，listeningattentivelytothenewteacher. Gonearethedayswhenfarmersliveatthemercyofnature. 半倒裝句1 否定副詞或否定短語在句首，句子半倒裝，如：little，never，hardly，rarely，seldom，notatall，bynomeans等. NeverdidChinahaveapowershortagethataffectedsomanyareasandcausedsomuchloss. Atnotimewasthemanawareofwhatwashappening. LittledidIunderstandwhathesaidtomeatthattime. It’sbeyonddescription.Nowhereelseintheworldcantherebesuchaquiet，beautifulplace. Notasinglemistakedidhemakeintheexam. Bynomeans(=Notatall)aretheseworksofartsatisfactory. 半倒裝句型：2notonly…..，butalso…… Notonlyisbettereducationimportantforimprovingourselvesbutalsofordevelopingoursociety. Theysuggestednotonlyshouldweattendthepartybutalsogiveaperformance. Ifwecontinueusingtoomuchundergroundwater，notonlywillthelandsink，butalsoseawaterwillcomein. 半倒裝句型3：neither，nor放在句首 “Ifyoudon’tattendtoyoursickmother，neitherwillI，”saidhiswifeinred-hotanger. ------whydidn’tyoubuyit？ ------Neitherwasthepricesatisfactory，nordidthecoloragreewithme. Withoutinternationalcooperation，developingcountriescannotprosper，norwillsustainabledevelopmentbepossible. 半倒裝句型4：only+狀語放在句首，主句半倒裝 Onlybychangingthewaywelivecanwesavetheearth. Onlybylearningtoliveinharmonywithnaturecanwesavetheearth. 半倒裝句型5：manyatime，often，onceinawhile等頻度副詞放在句首 ManyatimehashegivenmeahandwhenIwasintrouble. Nowandthenwillhebelateforschoolandbescoldedbytheteacher. Oftenhaveweseentheseboysdogoodthings. 半倒裝句型6：so/as+助動詞+主語……也…… Abetterunderstandingoftheenvironmentisnecessary，so/asisthewillingnesstoact. Hebelieved，asdidhisfamily，thatyouweretellingthetruth. Inthepast20years，oursocietyhaschangedalot，so/ashaveoureatinghabits. So+主語+助動詞.表肯定已有的觀點或事實 -----wehaveallworkedhardthesedays. -----sowehave. 主語+助動詞+so(按照別人的要求去做) ThewoundedlittleboyaskedmetolifthimupandIdidso. Soitiswithsb=it’sthesamewithsb(前者怎么樣，后者也怎樣) (前面既有否定句又有肯定句，或有多個謂語動詞，助動詞難以選擇時，用此句型) HelikesEnglishbutdoesn’tlikemaths，soitiswithme/it’sthesamewithme. Heisastudentandhestudieshard，soitiswithme. -----Hewasrallymanlyenoughtoberesponsibleforwhathehaddone. -----Sohewas，anditwaswithyou. 74.虛擬語氣句型 虛擬語氣句型1. If+were/did(動詞的過去式)，主語+would/might/should/could+do表示對現(xiàn)在的假設 IfIwereyou，Iwouldnotbesoproud. Idon’thaveacellphone.IfIhadone，itwouldbeconvenientformetogetintouchwithothers. IfIwereinyourposition，Iwouldthinkbetterofit. 虛擬語氣句型2. If+haddone，主語+would/might/should/could+havedone 表示對過去或已發(fā)生事情的虛擬假設 Whatapityitisthatyoudidn’tattendtheconcertyesterday！Ifyouhadattendtheconcert，youwouldhaveseenthefamoussinger. Anyoneinhispositionwouldhavedonethesame.= =IfanyonehadbeenIhisposition，hewouldhavedonethesame. 虛擬語氣句型3 If+were/did/(動詞過去式)/should/weretodo，主語=would/might/should/could+do (表示對將來的假設) Ifweweretopanic，wewouldnotbeabletogiveproperfirstaid. Ifitweretorain(=shouldrain=rained)tomorrow，wewouldnotgoforapicnic. Ifyoushouldn’tpassthecollegeentranceexamination，whatwouldyoudo？ 虛擬語氣條件句的倒裝：在虛擬條件句中，如出現(xiàn)有were，had，shoud，可省略if，可將主語于這些詞倒裝，構成虛擬倒裝句. Shouldheactlikethatagain，hewouldbefined. HadIknownmoreaboutgivingfirstaid，Icouldhavehelpedthem. WereItogotothemoononeday，Iwouldseeitwithmyowneyes. HadIenoughmoney(=ifIhadenoughmoney)，Iwouldbuyalargehouse. 虛擬語氣句型4 Ifonly引起的感嘆句，相當于howIwish+賓語從句，意為“但愿….，要是…就好了” Ifonlyhecouldcome！ Ifonlywestudentsdidn’thavesomuchhomework！ IfonlyIhadn’tbeensocarelessintheexam！ 虛擬語氣句型5. Ifitwerenotfor…(=wereitnotfor….) Ifithadn’tbeenfor…(=haditnotbeenfor…) 要不是因為有…..；如果不是…… Ifithadn’tbeenfor(haditnotbeenfor)thedeterminedcaptain，allthepassengersonboardwouldn’thavebeensaved. Ifitwerenotforyourrichparents，youcouldn’tlivesoeasyalife. 虛擬語氣句型6butfor，butthat Butfor+名詞和butthat+從句，意為”倘若不是，要不是”，接虛擬語氣. ButfortheCommunistPartyofChina，thePeople’sRepublicofChinacouldn’thavebeenfounded. Butforairandwater，nothingcouldsurvive. Shecouldn’thavebelievedit，butthatshesawit. 虛擬語氣句型7 在suggest，propose，insist，demand，require，request，order等表示建議，要求，命令的名詞性從句需要虛擬語氣，基本句型：主語+(should)+動詞原形 MotherinsistedthatJohn(should)gotobedat9o’clock. ManyhospitalrecommendedthatweusetheletterDRABCtorememberwhattodowhengivingfirstaid. Itwasrequiredthatchildren(should)besenttoschoolwhentheyreachtheageforschool. Thesuggestionthathe(should)beinvitedwasrejected. Thatistheirdemandthattheirwages(should)beincreased. 虛擬語氣8 It’snecessary/importantthatsb.Shoulddo…(should可省略) Withthesocietydevelopingveryfast，it’squitenecessary/importantthatwe(should)haveagoodknowledgeofEnglishandcomputer. It’snecessarythatJohntaketheexamfirst. 虛擬語氣9. It’sstrange/apity/surprisingthatsbshoulddo…..(should表示竟然) It’sapitythatsheshouldmissthechancetogoabroad. It’sreallysurprisingthataprophecyshouldcoincidewiththefactsoexactly. It’sstrangethatheshouldn’tpasstheexam. 虛擬語氣10. Wish+賓語從句，表示不大可能實現(xiàn)的愿望 表示現(xiàn)在的愿望：主語+動詞過去式 表示過去的愿望：主語+had+過去分詞 表示未來的愿望：主語+would(could)+動詞原型 HowIwishwestudentshadmorefreetimetorelaxourselves！ Ifailedinthemathsexam.HowIwishIhadn’twastedsomuchtimeplaying. Whatapityyoucan’tgototheparty.HowIwishIcoulddancewithyouattheparty. 虛擬語氣11. It’s(high/about)imethatsbdid/shoulddo….早就該…. It’stimethatwetookactionanddidourbitsfortheAIDSpatients. It’shightimethatwedidsomethingtoimproveourenvironment. 虛擬語氣12 Wouldratherthatsbdid….“寧愿…..；更愿意”表示現(xiàn)在或將來的愿望 Wouldratherthatsbhaddone….“寧愿…..；更愿意”表示過去的愿望. I’dratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway. I’dratheryouwerenotacelebratedactor.Inthatcase，wecouldspendmoretimetogether. I’dratherthatIhadn’tseenher. 虛擬語氣13. Asif(though)+主語+did/haddone…表示過去的情況用過去完成時，表示現(xiàn)在和將來的情況用過去時 Ourheadteachertreatsusasifwewereherownchildren，soallthestudentsinourclassthinkhighlyofher. AlantalkedaboutRomeasifhehadbeenthere. Alltoooften，peopletreatAIDSpatientsasiftheywerebadordangerous. 75.關系代詞as，which的區(qū)別 (1).當定語從句是否定句或表示否定時只能用which. Hecamehereverylate，whichwasunexpected. (2).當as在從句中作主語是，后面常接動詞的被動語態(tài).如：beknown，besaid，bereported，beannounced.如從句的行為動詞是主動語態(tài)，一般用which作主語. Shehasbeenabsentagain，asisexpected. Tomhasmaderapidprogress，whichmakesmeveryhappy. (3).As常用在as(it)seemslikely，as(it)oftenhappens，as(it)wasprintedout，as(it)wassaidearlier，asIremember(it)，asIunderstand(it)，as(it)appears.等結構 Jackhaswonthefirstprize，asitoftenhappens. ShehasreadwidelyinRomanticliterature，asitappearsfromheressay. (4).As仍然保持作連詞時常有的某種含義. Davidistall，asaremybrothers. Heopposedtheidea，ascouldbeexpected. (5).當非限定性定語從句是一個復合結構時，只能用which Bettyalwaystellalie，whichherparentsfindstrange.
76.關系副詞where的用法；高考對where的考察驅于復雜，從先行詞為明顯的地點，轉為地點模糊化.當先行詞表示某人/物的situation，或某事物所發(fā)展的stage，或表示某事物的某方面時都可用where. Eg.Theaccidenthadreachedapointwhereboththeirparentsaretobecalledin. Wherewillallthistroublelead？ Thatiswhereyouaremistaken. Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal，andthisiswhereIdisagree. Icanthinkofmanycases，wherestudentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay. 77.為了增加定語從句試題難度，采用以下方法： (1).在定語從句中，適當加入插入語. Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay______，ofcourse，madetheothersunhappy. A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what Thewrongyou’vedonehimisterrible，for_____Ithink(inmyopinion)youshouldmakeanapologytohim. A.thisB.whichC.whatD.that (2).把先行詞與定語從句隔開. Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage. A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where (3).綜合考察對定語從句，名詞性從句，狀語從句，強調(diào)句的辨析能力. //Thereisafeelinginme______we’llneverknowwhataUFOis–notever. A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what Amoderncityhasbeensetupin_______wasawastelandtenyearsago. A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where Heissuchacleverboy__as____everyonelikes. Heissuchacleverboy__that____everyonelikeshim. A.asB.thatC.whichD.it Wasitinthevillage_____weusedtolivein_____theaccidenthappened？ A.where；thatB.which；thatC.that；whereD.where；which 78.主動形式表被動意義 (1).系動詞look，sound，feel，smell，taste，appear，seem，go，prove，turn，stay，become，fall，get，grow，keep+形容詞/名詞構成系表結構. Eg.Thesteelfeelscold. Hisplanproved(tobe)practical. Ithasgonebad. (2).表示開始，結束，運動的動詞.如：begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，end，shut，run，moved Eg.Workbeganat7o’clockthismorning. Theshopclosesat6p.m.everyday. (3).表示主語的某種屬性特征的動詞.如：read，write，act，iron，cut，draw，drive，sell，wash，clean，wear，open，cook，lock，shut，dry，eat，drink.這類動詞一般不單獨使用，常有一個修飾語. Eg.Thiscoatdrieseasily.Nyloncleaneasily. Thedoorwon’tlock.Foodcankeepfreshinafridge. Yourspeechreadswell.Thismaterialhaswornthin. Hisbookdoesnotsellwell.Yourpenwritessmoothly. Thematchwon’tcatch.Theplanworkedoutwonderfully. Therecorderwon’tplay.Theenginewon’tstart. Thisknifecutswell.Theclothwasheswell. (4).少數(shù)動詞用于進行時，其主動形式表示被動含義.如：print，cook，fry，hang，build，make. Eg.Thebooksareprinting. Themeatiscooking. (5).介詞in，on，under等+名詞短語表示被動意義. 表方位的介詞于含動作意義的名詞合用，含被動意義，其意義相當于該名詞相應動詞的被動形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞. 常見的有：undercontrol；undertreatment；underrepair；underdiscussion；underconstruction；beyondbelief；beyondone’sreach；beyondone’scontrol；beyondourhope(我們史料不及)；forsale；forrent；inprint；insight；onsale；onshow；ontrial；outcontrol；outsight；outofone’sreach；outoffashion. Eg.Thebuildingisunderconstruction. Therumorisbeyondbelief. Hishonestcharacterisaboveallpraise. Thathouseisforsale. Thebookisnotyetinprint. Todaysometreasuresarenotonshowinthemuseum. Theplanewasoutofcontrol. Hetooktwodaysoffwithintheteacher’spermission. (6).不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或及物動詞短語： Fit，have，wish，cost，agreewith，arriveat/in，shakehandswith，succeedin，sufferfrom，happento，takepartin，walkinto，belongto Eg.Thiskeyjustfitsthelock. Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.
6.since…自從….以來 Since引導的從句不論是延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性動詞，都表示的是動作或狀態(tài)的完成或結束. 注意一下句子翻譯： SincehelivedinNanjing，Ihavenotheardfromhim.(=sinceheleftNanjing…) 自從他離開南京以來，我沒有收到過他的信. SinceshewasinYangzhou，shehaskeptintouchwithherformerfriends.(sincesheleftYangzhou…) 她離開揚州以來，一直同過去的朋友保持著聯(lián)系. 對比： 1).Ihaveneverseenhimsincehewasill. 他病好后，我就再也沒有見到他. 2).Ihaveneverseenhimsincehefellill. 他生病以后我就再也沒有見過他. Itis/(hasbeen)+時間段+since+過去式 Itis/hasbeentwoyearssincehisfatherdied. =hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.=hisfatherdiedtwoyearsago. 他的父親去世兩年了. Ithasbeen8yearssinceIgraduatedfromuniversity. =Igraduatedfromuniversity8yearsago. Itis3yearssincehesmoked.他三年不吸煙了.(即，從句動詞延續(xù)性的，譯成否定意義；從句動詞非延續(xù)性的，譯成肯定意義.) Itis3yearssinceheleftschool.-----他畢業(yè)三年了. 7….until…直到…時候；not…until…直到…才… Youaretostayhereuntil/tillyourmothercomesback. Themeetingwasputoffuntilteno’clock. NotuntilwewatchedtheEarthDayprogramonTVdidweknowmuchaboutglobalwarning. =WedidnotknowmuchaboutglobalwarninguntilwewatchedtheEarthDayprogram. =ItwasnotuntilwewatchedtheEarthDayprogramonTVthatweknewmuchaboutglobalwarming. Notuntilhefailedintheexamdidherealizethathehadwastedmuchtimeplayingcomputergames. 8.…when…引導并列分句，“當時，突然”，強調(diào)另一動作的突然發(fā)生. OnedayChuckwasonaflightacrossthePacificOceanwhensuddenlyhisplanecrashed.Chucksurvivedthecrashandlandedonadesertedisland. IwaswalkingalongtheriverwhenIheardadrowningboycryingforhelp. Iwasabouttoleavewhenitbegantorain. 對比：A：IwaswalkingalongthestreetwhenIcaughtsightofatailor’sshop. B：Iwaswalkingalongthestreets.JustatthatmomentIcaughtsightofatailor’sshop. 9.while=although盡管 WhileIadmitthattheproblemisdifficult，Idon’tthinkthatitcan’tbesolved. WhileIadmithisgoodpoints，Icanseehisshortcomings. WhileIwasangrywithher，Ididn’tlosemytemper. 10.where地點狀語 Youshouldputthebookwhereitwas. Persistentpeoplebegintheirsuccesswhereothersendinfailure. Wherethereisawill，thereisaway. Wheremenaregreedy，thereisneverpeace. Gowhereyoushould，keeponstudying.
11.as引導的行為方式狀語從句. Pleasedoexactlyasyourdoctorsays. YoumustdotheexercisesjustasIshowyou Asitis=asthingsare照現(xiàn)在的情形看 Hepromisedtostudyhard，butasitis，hedoesnobetterthanbefore. Leavethehouseasitis.I’dliketobuyitasitis. 12.asif(asthough)好像 HelookedatmeasifIweremad. Hewasingreattrouble，butheactedif/thoughnothinghadhappened. Althoughtheyjustmetforthefirsttime，theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsformanyyears. Theremanyblackcloudsinthesky.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain. 13.though，although，as“雖然”，引導讓步狀語從句. Although位于句首；though位于句首或句中；as位于句中=though=that，它的詞序是把句中強調(diào)的形容詞，副詞，動詞或名詞放在連詞前.注意觀察下列句式變化： Although/ThoughI’myoung，IalreadyknowwhatcareerIwanttofollow. =Youngas/though/thatIam，IalreadyknowwhatcareerIwanttofollow. AlthoughIrespecthimverymuch，Icannotagreewithhisidea. =Muchas/that/thoughIrespecthim，Icannotagreewithhisidea. Although/thoughheisachild，heknowsalotofChinesecharacters. =Childas/though/thatheis，heknowsalotofChinesecharacters. Althoughhetried，hecouldn’tsolvetheproblem. =Tryashemight，hecouldn’tsolvetheproblem. Althoughitisraining，Iamgoingoutforawalk. =Rainingasitis，Iamgoingoutforawalk. 14.evenif=eventhough即使…也…；即便…也… Evenif/thoughIhavetosellmyhouse，I’llkeepmybusinessgoing. Shewon’tattendsuchpartieseventhough/ifsheisinvited. Youarenotstupid.Eventhough/ifyouwereslowinstudy，youshouldn’tgiveupstudies. Theboywasbadlyinjuredanddiedatlast.Evenifhehadbeenattendedwithoutdelay， hecouldn’thavebeensaved. 15.whether…or…不管…還是… Whethertheweatherisgoodorbad，theywillsetoffastheyplanned. Whetherhedrivesortakesthetrain，hewillbehereontime. Anyperson，whetheryoungorold，hashisworth，independentofachievements，bankaccountsorlooks.
16.疑問詞+ever Whatever，whoever，whichever，whenever，wherever，whoever均引導讓步狀語從句，相當于nomatter與what，who，which，when，where，how連用. Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)mayhappen，weshallnotlosehope. Whoever/Nomatterwhocomes，hewillbewelcome. Whenever/Nomatterwhenithappened，itwascertainlynotyesterday. Wherever/Nomatterwherehewent，hemadefriendswithpeople. 17.unless除非，如果不(=if…not) Ishallgotomorrowunlessitrains. ------ShallTomgoandplayfootball？ ------Notunlesshehasfinishedhishomework. Unlessthesunweretoriseinthewest，Iwouldn’tbreakmyword. Iwon’tattendhisbirthdaypartyunlessinvited(=unlessIaminvited) 18.as/solongas只要 So/aslongasyoukeepontrying，youwillsurelysucceed. So/aslongasyousticktoyourplansforyourstudy，youaresuretomakegreatprogress. -----Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon？ -----Iwillprobablygoforawalklateronsolongasitstaysfine. 19.supposing/suppose(that)假定；假如 Suppose/supposing(that)Idon’thaveadayoff，whatshallwedo？ Supposexequalstoy，thenyoucanworkouttheresult. Providing/provided(that)=onconditionthat假如，在…條件下 I’lllendyouthemoneyonconditionthatyoucanreturnitinthreemonths. I’llgoproviding/providedthatmyexpensesarepaid. 20.given(that)…=take….intoconsideration鑒于，考慮到 Giventhegovernment’srecordonunemployment，theirchancesofwinningtheelectionlookpoor. Giventheirinterestinchildren/giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren，Iamsureteachingistherightcareerforher. Grantedthat的確 Grantedthatit’sasplendidcar，buthaveyouseenwhatitcosts？
21.incasethat…萬一；以防；incaseof+n萬一 Incase(that)Johncomes/shouldcome，pleasetellhimtowait. (incasethat后謂語用一般現(xiàn)在時或should+動詞原型) PleaseremindmeaboutitincaseIforget/shouldforget. Pleasetakemyumbrellaincase(that)itrains/shouldrain. Incaseoffire，whatshouldwedo？ 22.祈使句(表條件)+orelse/or/otherwise+主句(表結果)….否則…，要不然…. Pleasecallmeupbeforeyoucome，otherwise/orelse/orwemightbeout. Hurryup，oryouwillbelate. 祈使句(表條件)+and+主句(表結果) Givehimaninchandhewilltakeamile. Beunitedandcooperatewitheachotherandonlyinthiswaycanwesaveourearth. 23.as(so)…as…和…一樣 HenryisasgoodaplayerasPeter(is). Heworkedasfastasaskilledworker(did). Wewillgiveyouasmuchhelpaswecan. 24.形容詞/副詞比較級+than 注意：形容詞和副詞的比較級前還可以加一個表示程度的修飾語，常用的修飾語是： (1).alittle，abit，slightly稍微；一些 (2).Much，alot，greatly，agreatdeal，far，byfar….得多 (3).Still，even，rather更 (4).Any一般用于疑問句，表示‘一些”；“稍微” (5).倍數(shù)或數(shù)量詞. Thistextisalittle(abit)moredifficultthantheother. Hehasmadefargreaterprogressthistermthanhedidlastterm. Withthedevelopmentofsociety，peopleinChinaareagooddealricherthanbefore. Heistwoyearsolderthan=heisolderthanIbytwoyears. AsiaisthreetimeslargerthanEurope. =AsiaisthreetimesaslargeasEurope. =AsiaisthreetimesthesizeofEurope. 還應注意，當more作為many，much的比較級時，其修飾語分別是 (1).many，afew，+more+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) (2)much，alittle，abit，agreatdeal+more+不可數(shù)名詞 (3).alot，some，far，any+more+可數(shù)或不可數(shù)均可，more譯作“另外” I’vemadealot(many)moremistakesthanyou’ve Hehasbuiltupalargebusinessandearnedmuchmoremoneythanbefore. 25.byfar最….；比….得多 注意：byfar既可修飾比較級又可修飾級，注意byfar在句中的位置. Heworkedharderbyfarthanhiselderbrother. Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwobasketballplayers. Heisbyfarthetallestofalltheplayersontheteam. Hisexplanationisbyfarclearerthantheoldone.
26.the+比較級….，the+比較級……越…，越….. Themoreyouneed，thebetteryouunderstand. Thehigherupyougo，thecolderitbecomes. Abodyweighslessthefurtheritgetsfromthesurfaceoftheearth. =Thefurtheritgetsfromthesurfaceoftheearth，thelessthebodyweights. Thesooner，thebetter. 27.no+比較級+than表示“A和B都不……” Not+比較級+than表示“A不如B……” Thisbookisnomoreinterestingthanthatone. HeworksnoharderthanI.他和我都不用功. Hedoesn’tworkharderthanI.他不如我用功 Morethan不僅僅nomorethan只不過，僅僅notmorethan=atmost不多于 Therearenomorethantenstudentsintheclassroom. Therearenotmorethantenstudentsintheclassroom. Heisnomorethanachild，soIdon’ttakehimtooseriously. Inourstudents’eyes，heismorethanateacher，heismorelikeourfriend. More+adj/n+than+adj/n與其說……倒不如說…… Heismoreofastudentthanofateacher.與其說他是個老師，倒不如說他是個學生. Heismorediligentthanclever.與其說他聰明，倒不如說他勤奮. 28.superior較高的，上好的，出眾的，高傲的 Senior年長的，資格較老的，地位較高的，高級的 Junior年少的，下級的，和to搭配 Thiswesternrestaurantissuperiortotheonewewenttolastweek. Heisthreeyearsjuniortome=Heisjuniortomethreeyears. Sheisseniortoeveryoneelseinthecompany. 29.so+adj/adv+that；such(a/an)+adj+that“如此…..以至于…..”引導結果狀語從句. HisEnglishwassolimitedthathecouldn’tunderstandwhatthenativespeakerssaid. Hewassodevotedtohisstudentsthatheoftenfellillfromoverworking. Itwassuchwarmweatherthatwewentswimming. Tabletennisissuchapopulargamethatpeopleallovertheworldplayit. 還應注意： (1)當名詞前有many/much/few/little修飾時， 用so+n=that結構.即somany/much/few/little+n+that… Thereweresomanypeopleinthestreetwatchingthefirethatfirefighterscouldn’tgetclosetothebuilding. TheWesternerseatsomuchfatandsugarthattheyputonweighteasily. Thecountryhassolittlecoalthatithastoimportlargequantitiesofcoal. Therearesofewfishinthepoolthatwecan’tfishthemeasily. (2)such+a/an+adj.+n+that=so+adj.+a/an+n+that Heissuchanhonestpersonthatyoucandependonhimwhenyou’reintrouble. Heissohonestapersonthatyoucandependonhimwhenyou’reintrouble. (3)由so…that和such…that引導的結果狀語從句的倒裝結構.當so和其后的形容詞或副詞；such連詞后的名詞放在句首時，主句使用倒裝結構 Suchgreatprogresshashemadeinhisstudiesthatwealladmirehim. (4)such…that句型的特殊性：such后可以不出現(xiàn)adj和n，也可以倒裝. Hisbehaviorwassuchthatallhisfriendsdesertedhim. =Suchwashisbehaviorthatallhisfriendsdesertedhim. Theforceoftheexplosionwassuchthatallthewindowswerebroken. =Suchwastheforceoftheexplosionthatallthewindowswerebroken. 30.inorderthat；sothat(為了….)引導目的狀語從句 Hegotupearlyinorderthat/sothathecouldcatchthefirstbus. Heclosedallthewindowswhiledrivingsothatheshouldn’tcatchcold. (sothat否定句要用shouldn’t) Sothat引導結果狀語從句 對比：(1).hesetoffearly，sothathecaughtthefirstbus. (2).hesetoffearlysothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.
31.soasto/inorderto/to為了.作目的狀語 Hewenthometoseehismother. Heshoutedandwavedsoastobenoticed. Johnhurriedsoasnottobelatefortheparty. Modernequipmentisfittedinourclassroomforallthestudentstostudywell. Theletterwasreadoutforallinthecourttohear. 注意：todo/inordertodo可放在句首，soasto不可 (1)._____lateinthemorning，Bobturnedoffthealarm. A.HavingsleptB.TosleepC.SleepingD.Sleep (2).-------Dad，Whydoyoubuysomanytapesformetolistento？ -----______yourlistening. A.ImproveB.ImprovingC.HavingimprovedD.Toimprove (3).Dowhateveryoucould_____him. A.helpB.tohelpC.helpingD.helping 注意：只有不定式todo/inordertodo/soastodo可以作目的狀語 Onlytodo表示未曾料到的愉快或不愉快的結果： Shewokeearlyonlytofinditwasraining. Hegothomeonlytolearnthathisfatherwasill. Hegottothestationonlytofindthetrainhadgone. “Liftingarockonlytodropitonone’sfeet”isaChinesefolksaying. ShehurriedbackonlytofindheroldfriendGeorgewaitingforhim. 對比： 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主句動作所造成的結果： Hewascaughtintherain，thuscatchingcold. Theircarwascaughtinthetrafficjam，thuscausingthedelay. Todo作結果狀語：(表示不愉快或意外結果) Hemustbedeafnottohearthat.他聾得聽不見. Shewentabroadnevertoreturn.她出國了，結果再也沒回來. 32.so+adj/adv+asto如此…以至于…作結果狀語： Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle？ Hewassofoolishastobelievesuchaman. Such…..asto如此…以至于…作結果狀語： Don’tbesoupset，myillnessisnotsuchastocauseanxiety. Heissuchafoolastothinkthatheissomebodyandinfluenceothers. 他愚蠢地認為他是個了不起的大人物，可以影響其他人. 33.….enoughto….作結果狀語，“足夠…可以…” Heisoldenoughtogotoschool. Toourgreatsurprise，childasheis，heisboldenoughtorobpassers-by. Weareoldenoughtomakeagreatdifferencetotheworld. Thechampionranwellenoughtosetupanotherworldrecordindeedifshehadtriedharder. 她的確跑得相當快，不過要是她再努力一些，作為冠軍就會再次創(chuàng)造一個世界記錄. 34.too…to作結果狀語，“太….而不能” Inmyopinion，theproblemwithmoststudentsliesinthefactthattheyaretooshytospeakEnglishinpublic. Wearenevertoooldtolearn. Heistooclevernottoreadourtricks.他非常聰明完全可以識破我們的詭計. 35.can’t/cannever和too，toomuch，enough，over搭配表示“無論怎樣……都不過分” Whileyouaredoingyourhomework，youcan’tbecarefulenough. Heissuchagreatmanthatwecan’tpraisehimtoomuch. ThedevelopmentofsocietyhasmadeitnecessaryforustohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish，sowecan’toveremphasizetheimportanceoflearningEnglish. Sinceit’sagoodthing，wecan’tdoittoosoon.
36.不定式作主語，it作形式主語 It+系動詞(be，seem….)+adj/n+(forsb)+todosth. It’simportantforustohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish. It’sourdutytohelpothers. It’sapleasure(forus)togopicnickinginsuchpleasantweather. It’snormalfortheprofessionalworkersthesedaystoprefertoliveinthecountryside. It’sapityfortheretobeanydisagreementinthefamily. It+系動詞(be，seem….)+adj/n+(ofsb)+todosth.(adj.表示了人物的品質特征) Itishonestofhimtoreturnallthemoneytotheloser. Howrudeofhimtotreatachildlikethat！=It’srudeofhimtotreatachildlikethat. 37.不定式作賓語，it作形式賓語 主語+think/believe/feel/make+it+adj/n+of/forsb+todo Ibelieveitquitepossiblefortheenemytotakeusbysurprisetonight. Ithinkitgoodmannerstosayhellotoyourteacherswheneveryoumeetthem. Ifeelitgreedyofhimtotakepossessionofhisparents’house. Thedevelopmentofsciencehasmadeitquiteconvenientforustogetintouchwithothers. Thegoodatmosphereofstudyhasmadeitpossibleforustostudywell. 38.have+n=do讓某人去干….(一次性動作) have+n+doing讓……持續(xù)(反復進行) have+n+done請人干……/使遭受到…../使某事完成 hehadhisstudentstranslatingsentencesallthetimeinclass. I’llhavethereporttypedbythesecretary. Yesterdayonthebushehadhismoneystolen. Don’tbeworried，I’llseetothematterandhaveeverythingpreparedwellinadvance. 39.won’t/can’thave+n+doing/done不能容忍某行為發(fā)生 It’srudeofyoutospeaktomotherlikethatandIwon’thaveyouspeakingtoMotherlikethatinfuture. Ican’thaveyousmokinglikethat. Wecan’thaveanythingdoneagainsttheschoolrules. 40.get+n+todo讓某人去干……(一次性行為) get+n+doing使……開始……/使……動起來 get+n+done請人干…../使某事做完 theteachergotthestudentoreadthenewstohisclassmates. Theboyisalwayskeepingsilent.Canyougethimtalking？ Theworkersareonstrike.Canyougetthemworking？
41.catchsbdoing撞見……正在干…… Thethiefcaughtstealingwassenttothepolicestation. Severalstudentswerecaughtcheatinginthecollegeentranceexaminationandwerepunishedseverely. Send+n+doing使…..快速….. Thearrivalofpolicesenttherobbersrunningawayquickly. Workcamethathisfatherwasbadlyill.Thesadnewssenthimgoinghomeatonce. 42.獨立結構： 無論是不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞作狀語，一般情況下要求前后邏輯主語一致.但有些結構表明說話人的態(tài)度，判斷或一般看法，不要求邏輯主語的一致性，是一個獨立的插入成分. 不定式： Tobefrank；tobehonest；totellthetruth；tobesafe；tobeshort Tobeshort，wearefacedwithmanyissuesandneedtotakeimmediateactiontosolvethem. 現(xiàn)在分詞： Comparatively/frankly/exactly/generally/honestly/properly/roughlyspeaking Speakingof/talkingof談到/說道……judgingfrom從….來判斷 Considering考慮到……鑒于.；就…..而論 Granting假定；姑且認為 Talkingoflookingforjobs，whatkindofjobwouldyouliketodointhefuture？ Judgingfromthelookonhisface，hewaslying. Grantingthistobetrue/thatthisistrue，whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromit？ 43.It形式主語 It+系動詞(be./seem…)+nogood/nouse/useless+doingsth Itisnogoodreadingwithoutfullunderstanding. Heistoostubborntochangehismind.It’snousearguingwithhim. Asastudent，it’snogoodstayinguptoolate. There+系動詞(be/seem….)+nodoingsth=it’simpossibletodo….做…..是不可能的 Thereisnofinishingtheworkinsuchashorttime. =it’simpossibletofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime. Thereislittletimeleft，sothereisnoarrivingthereontime. There’snosayingwhathe’llbedoingnext. 44.with獨立主格結構作定語或狀語： (1)with+n+n(with可省略) Theworkforceismadeupof400workers，(with)mostofthemwomen. =theworkforceismadeupof400workers，andmostofthemarewomen. =theworkforceismadeupof400workers，mostofwhomarewomen. (2)with+n+adj(with可省略) Thestudentswerelisteningtotheteacher，theireyeswideopen(=andtheireyeswerewideopen). (3)with+n+adv(with可以省略) Themeetingover，wereturnedtotheclassroom.=whenthemeetingwasover，wereturnedtotheclassroom. Hepulledonhisshirt，wrongsideout.=hepulledonhisshirt，butthewrongsidewasout. (4)(with)+n+prep–phrase Theoldmansatonthechair，withapipeinhismouth/pipeinmouth. Thesoldierstoodthere，guninhand. (5)(with)+n+todo/tobedone(表示將來動作) Wearrivedatthestationat10：00，withthetraintoleaveat10：30. Withsomanypeopletohelpthepeopleintheflood-strickenarea，theyaresuretogetoverallthehardship. (6)(with)+n+doing/beingdone(表示正在進行)/havingdone(動作已經(jīng)完成) Itbeingsunny，thechildrendecidedtogoouting.=asitwassunny，thechildrendecidedtogoouting. Hismotherfallingillsuddenly，hehadtocancelhistriptolookafterher.=becausehismotherfellillsuddenly，hehadtocancelhistriptolookafterher. Weatherpermitting，we’llflytoGuangzhoutoday.=ifweatherpermits，we’llflytoGuangzhoutoday. Theguestshavingleft，shesetouttotidyuptheroom.=aftertheguestshadleft，shesetouttidyuptheroom. Thefreewaybeingrepaired，wehadtotakeotherwaystoreturntoBeijing.=becausethefreewayisbeingrepaired，wehadtotakeotherwaystoreturntoBeijing. (7)With+n+done/havingbeendone Herglassesbroken，shecouldn’tseethewordsontheblackboard. Hestoodthere，hishandscrossedonthechest，lookingratherproud. Eg.1.______littletimeleft，you’dbetterwalkasfastaspossible.B 2.As______notimeleft，you’dbetterwalkasfastaspossible.D A.BeingB.TherebeingC.ItbeingD.Thereis 3.It______Sunday，wewentouttoplay.B 4.Becauseit_____Sunday，wewentouttoplay.A A.wasB.beingC.wereD.tobe 5.Hesatthere，hiseyes_____(fix)ontheblackboard.(fixed) 6.Theteacherwasgivinglessons，severaloldmen_____(seat)atthebackoftheclassroom.(seated) 45.疑問詞+不定式=疑問詞+weshall/shoulddo… WhentoleaveforLondonhasnotbeendecidedyet. WhenweshouldleaveforLondonhasnotbeendecidedyet. Mr.Smithdidn’tknowwhethertoleaveorstaythere. IaskedprofessorXuhowtolearnEnglishwell. Thequestionwaswheretogetthemedicineneeded. Idon’tknowwhattodonext.=Idon’tknowwhatweshoulddonext.
46.it+seem/appearthat句型 句型轉換： (1).Itseemsthatheisenjoyinghimself.=heseemstobeenjoyinghimself. (2).ItseemsthathehasbeenadmittedtoBeijinguniversity.=HeseemstohavebeenadmittedtoBeijinguniversity. (3).Itappearsthattherehasbeenamistake.=thereappearstohavebeenamistake. 47.itisthought/considered/believedthat…..句型 句型轉換： (1).It’sbelievedthatChinapromisestobeamongthepowerfulcountriesintheworld. =Chinaisbelievedtopromisetobeamongthepowerfulcountryintheworld. (2).Itisbelievedthathehasbeenworkinghardandwillbegivenarisebytheboss. =Heisbelievedtohavebeenworkinghardandtobegivenarisebytheboss. 48.hadhopedtodo=hopedtohavedone表示沒有實現(xiàn)的希望，打算，意圖. 類似的詞還有expect，think，intend，mean，suppose，want Wouldlike/lovetohavedone….；was/weretohavedone…. Ihadhoped/intended/meant/expected/wantedtocallonmygrandfathertheotherday，butIwaspreventedbyaheavyrain. ------Didyougotoseethefilm“Titanic”yesterday？ ------Iwouldliketohave，butmymothersuddenlyfellillandIhadtoattendher. DidyouattendTom’sbirthdaypartyyesterday？ I’dliketohave，butIwasonduty. 49.主語+be+adj+todo….不定式說明主語在那些方面存在形容詞所具備的特點. Heiseasygoing，soIthinkheisquitetogetalongwith. Thesolutiontotheproblemisdifficulttoseek. Thepollutedriverisunfittobathein. 50.ing形式作賓語 Admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，face，feellike，finish，forgive，giveup，imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practice，putoff，resist，risk，suggest，understand，can’thelp，fancy，can’tstand+v-ing. Eg.朗讀并背誦下列句子： Imustapologizefornotlettingyouknowaheadoftime. Theflighttoshanghaiwasputofftakingoffduetothefog. -----Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon？-----I’mthinkingofgoingtovisitmyaunt. Haveyoumadeanyplanforcelebratingyourbirthday？Onreachinghome，shegotdowntocooking. Theyhurriedonforfearofbeingcaughtintherain. Themanwilldiewithoutbeingoperatedon. Heusedtoplaycardswithhisfriends，butnowheisusedtotakingawalkafersupper. WelookforwardtomakingatriptoHangzhou. Aftercooking，Mothersetaboutmakingtea. Shetakesgreatpleasureinhelpingothers. Afraidofbeinglateforschool，hewalkedingreathurry. Heinsistedonbeingsenttotheplacewherehewasmostneeded. Educationisthekeytospeedingupourmodernization. Hedoesn’tfeellikegoingtotheexhibitiontoday. Notbeingabletostandbeinglaughed，hehittheboyintheface. Onthewayhome，Billkeptonaskinghisfathersuchquestions. Nowadaysindevelopedcountries，peoplepreferredlivinginthecountrysidetolivinginthecity. Thedeerwassoluckythatitjustmissedbeingshotbythehunter. -----Whatdoyouthinkofthefilmlastnight？ -----Oh，excellent.It’swellworthseeingasecondtime. Iwouldhighlyappreciateyourcallingbackthisafternoon. Weareconsideringchangingtheplan.Onaccountoftherain，headvisedpostponingholdingthesportsmeettillnextweek. Hearingtheexcitingnews，Icouldn’thelpjumpingwithjoy. HaveyoufinishedrepairingtheTVset？ It’sgoodhabittopracticereadingaloudearlyinthemorning. Asyouknow，studyingmeansworkinghard. Thelakeispolluted.Wedon’tallowswimminghere. Whyhavetheydelayedholdingthesportsmeet？ Sue’sfailingintheexaminationmadeherparentsveryangry. Idon’tlikestrangerslisteningtoourtalk. Iunderstandyournotwantingtogotothemeeting. Wemustdosomethingtopreventthelakebeingpolluted. Theywouldratherspendtimestudyingthanwonderinthestreet. Theyisnouseourdiscussingitanyfurthernow. -----whatmadeyousoworried？------Missingtheplane.
51.–ing作賓語 Forget，remember，regret，try，mean，goon，stop Forgetdoing忘記曾做過……forgettodo忘記去做(沒做)…… It’sfunnythatIforgottellinghimandwenttotellhimagain. Whenyouleavetheclassroom，don’tforgettoputawayallthethings. Rememberdoing記得做過……remembertodo記著要去做…… IstillrememberbeingtakentoBeijingwhenIwasyoung. Whenyoupassbythepostoffice，doremembertoposttheletterforme. Regretdoing后悔；遺憾做過……regrettodo很遺憾要做…… Ididn’tpasstheexam.HowIregrettedhavingwastedsomuchtimeplaying. Iregrettotellyouthenewsthatyouwillbefirednextmonth. Trydoing嘗試做……trytodo盡力干…… Ifyoucan’tworkoutthemathsprobleminthisway，whynottryusinganotherway？ Asastudent，weshouldtrytobeall-around，weshouldsimplyseekhighmarks. Meandoing意味著……meantodo打算要…… Ihadmeanttocomeearlyforthemeeting，butIwasheldupbythetrafficjam. Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanothertwohours. Goondoing繼續(xù)干原來所做的事情goontodo做完一件事，接著做另一件事 Tiredandthirstyastheywere，theywentonworkinginthesun. AfterwefinishlearningLessonOne，wewillgoontodosomelistening. Stoptodo…..停下來去做…….Stopdoing…….停止做…… Stopspeakingandjustlistentome. Whenhesawwewereintrouble，hestoppedtohelpusout. Thanksbfordoing謝謝某人做過…… Thanksbtodosth拜托某人干…… Thankyouforhelpingmesomuch. I’llthankyoutoleavemythingsalone.It’snoneofyourbusiness. Need/require/want(需要)/deserve(值得)+doing(主動表被動) Beworthdoing主動表被動 Ithasbeenalongtimesincethehousewasthoroughlycleaned.NowasNewYear’sDayisaroundthecorner，Ithinkthehouseneeds(requires，wants)cleaning.(=thehouseneeds/requires/wantstobecleaned) Heisworthpraising.=hedeservespraising，forhehasdonesomanygoodthings. Hiscarhasbeeninbadrepairandnowitbadlyneedsrepairing. Devote….to/lookforwardto/stickto/beusedto/objectto反對/getdownto著手干+doing(to為介詞) Ilookforwardtohearingfromyousoon. Hedevotedallhislifetoteachingandhasnotimetoattendhischildren. Mymotherstronglyobjectedtomyplayingcomputergamesinthecyberbar. Wellprepared，theygotdowntoshootingtheTVplay. But/except+todo/do 這種句型如介詞前有行為動詞do，后面應接不帶to的不定式；如無do，則接帶to的不定式. Theenemysoldiershadnochoicebuttogivein. Howhappilythebabylives，itdoesnothingbuteat，sleepandplay. Facedwithdisasters，thereisnothingforustodobutkeepupourcourageandtakeaction. Incoldwinter，mostcold-bloodedanimalshavenochoicebuttoliedownandsleep. Hadbetter/bestdo….干….. Whenhurricaneiscoming，you’dbetterstayindoor. Nowthatyouhavebeenboredwiththelifeinthecountryside，you’dbettergotothecitiestoseekmorechances. Prefertodoratherdo….愿意干….而不愿意干…. Wouldratherdothando=woulddoratherthando…… Ratherthanrideonacrowdedbus，healwayspreferstorideabicycle. I’dratherreadsomethingathomethangototheparkinsuchweather. Cannotbut，/cannothelpbut，/cannotchoosebut+do不得不….；只好….. Wecouldnotbutweepatourbadluck. It’sraininghard.Icannothelpbutstayathome. Beingendangered，mostanimalcannotchoosebutwantfortheirdestiny. Therebe句型表示什么地方有….. 52.注意：therebe之后如有幾個并列主語時，用is或are取決于第一個主語是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)，單數(shù)用is，復數(shù)用are. Thereisapen，apencilandtwobooksonthedesk. Thereareseveralstudentsplayingontheplayground. TherewillbeanimportantconferencenamedTheEarthSummittobeheldhere. Therehavebeengreatchangesinmyhometowneversince1978. Theremustbesomethingwrongwiththecellphone. 注意：therebe句型也可以有其它形式變化，常見的有seemtobe，happentobe，appeartobe，usedtobe，islikelytobe Thereseems/appearstobemuchhopeofourteamwinningthematch. Thereislikelytobemoredifficultiesthanexpectedwhilecarryingouttheexperiment. Thethiefbrokein，tohisdelight，therehappenedtobenobodyintheroom. 注意therebe句型中的be動詞，也可以替換成其它詞，常見的有l(wèi)ive，remain，come，stand，lie，occur，exist，follow等動詞. Oncetherelivedmanydinosaursheremillionsandmillionsofyearsago. Therestandsaskyscraperinfrontourteachingbuilding. Therecameatimewhenmostofpeoplehadnofreedomtospeak. Thereoccurred/existedhumanbeingsabout5000yearsago. Therefollowedadeadsilenceafterastrangenoise. Thereexistseriousproblemsintheworldandweshouldtakeactiontosolvethembeforeitistoolate. 注意：therebe句型的獨立主格形式作狀語： Therebeingnobuses，wehadtowalkhome. =becausetherewerenobuses，wehadtowalkhome. Therehavingbeennorainforalongtime，thecropsinthefielddied. =becausetherehadbeennorainforalongtime，thecropsinthefielddied. (有連詞用句子，沒有連詞用therebe獨立主格形式作狀語) Therebe句型的非謂語形式： Idon’twanttheretobeanymisunderstandingsbetweenus. What’sthechanceoftherebeinganelectionthisyears？ It’snotunusualfortheretobeagenerationgapbetweenteachersandstudents. Thereisnopoint/senseindoingso. 53.It’suptosbtodo…..由…..來；靠….來… Whetherwegiveuporgoonwiththeexperiment，it’salluptoourtutorprofessortodecide. It’suptoyoutobabysitmysonwhenIamawayonbusiness. Beuptosth勝任，從事于 Michaelisnotreallyuptothatjob. Theyarewhisperinginthecornerasiftheyareuptonogood. 54.do，does，did用于一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時強調(diào)謂語動詞 對比： Heisanall-aroundstudent.//Hedoesbeanall-aroundstudent. Hetookgreatpainstohelpus.//hedidtakegreatpainstohelpus. Becareful！//Dobecareful！ Youteenagersdomakegreatdifferencetoyourparents. 55.it強調(diào)句 強調(diào)句的基本構成：Itis/was+被強調(diào)部分+who/that+剩余部分 原句的謂語動詞如果是現(xiàn)在或將來時態(tài)用Itis….that/who…. 如原句的謂語動詞是過去時態(tài)，則用Itwas….that/who…. 強調(diào)時間，地點，原因或方式時不要用when，where，how，必須用that. (1)Isawhiminthestreetyesterdayafternoon. ---ItwasIwhosawhiminthestreetyesterdayafternoon. (2)whendidyouseehiminthestreet？ ----whenwasitthatyousawhiminthestreet？ (3)whodidyouseeinthestreetyesterday？ ----whowasitthatyousawinthestreetyesterday？ (4)hedidn’tgotobeduntilhismothercameback. ----Itwasnotuntilhismothercamebackthathewenttobed. (5)Idon’tknowwhenhewillcomeback. ----Idon’tknowwhenitisthathewillcomeback. (6)Itisonlywhenyounearlylosesomeonethatyoufullyrealizehowmuchyouvaluehim. ----Onlywhenyounearlylosesomeone，youfullyrealizehowmuchyouvaluehim. (7)Itwasn’tuntilhisfathercamebackfromworkthathegotdowntodoinghishomework. (8)Itwasbecausethetrafficwasveryheavyduringtherushhour，Iwaslateagain.
56.as/sofaras…….就……而言 SofarasIknow，thebookwillbepublishednextmonth. AsfarasI’mconcerned，chattingonlineisawasteoftimeandmoney. 57.what/howabout……怎么樣，表示建議 Howaboutsigningupforthephysicscompetition？ WhataboutthetwoofusgoingpicnickingthisSunday？ 58.Itfollowsthat……因此….. Itisnaturalforpeopletobeattractedtobeautifulthings.Itfollowsthatmostwomendesirenothingbuttolookbeautiful. Withthedevelopmentofsociety，itisnecessaryforusstudentstohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishandcomputer.ItfollowsthatweshouldworkhardatEnglish. 59.Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想到….. ItoccurredtomethatIhadeverseenhimbefore. ItoccurredtomethatIshouldaskthepoliceforhelp. 60.thereisnoneedto…沒有必要…. Asaboyofeighteen，heknowshowtotakecareofhim，sothereisnoneedtobeworriedabouthim. Thereisnoneedtoworryaboutsuchasmallmistake.
61.it’syourturnto…輪到你…. It’syourturntomakeafewremarksatthemeeting. Whoseturnisittobeonduty/it’smyturn. 62.it’stimetodo….該是做….的時候了 It’stimeforustomeetchallengesandtoproveourabilities. It’stimeforustofightagainsttheenemyanddefendourmotherland. 63.usedtodo….過去常?！? Get/beusedtodoing….習慣于….. Thereusedtobemanyoldhousesinthecenterofthecity. Ihavebeenusedtolivingoncampus. Thegirlusedtobefat.Butafterbeingonadietforalongtime，shewasmuchthinnerthanbefore. 64.what’s…..like…？….如何/怎么樣？用于問事物的外表特征和內(nèi)在品質 Whatdoes….looklike？“…..長得怎么樣？”僅強調(diào)外表特征 ------what’stheweatherliketoday？-------Itseemstobeclearingup. ------what’shisfatherlike？-----hisfatherishandsome，andeasy-going. 類似的句型： Whatdoyouthinkofsth/sb？ Howdoyoulikesb/sth？ Howdoyoufindsb/sth？ Howdoyoufeelaboutsb/sth？ 65.it’slikesbtodosth.這很象….的所作所為 It’squitelikehimtohavebeensorudetothestrangers. It’squitelikehimtoanswerforwhathehasdone.
66.whenitcomestosth….當談到…..；臨到….情況 Whenitcomestohelpinghiswifewiththehousework，Johnnevercomplains. Whenitcomestoplayingcomputergames，hewouldbeveryexcitedandfullofenergy. 67.howdidsbcometo….=howcome(that)….為什么….；是怎樣…. 固定表達，要求對發(fā)生的事情解釋或說明理由 Howdidyoucometofindoutwhereshe’sliving？ =Howcomethatyoufoundoutwhereshe’sliving？ Howcomethatyousattheredoingnothing？ =howdidyoucometositthere，doingnothing？ Howdidyoucometobesofoolish？ Howcomeyouarelateagain？ 68.betodo…. 分析并背誦betodo在下列句子中的意義： (1)I’mtoinform(=mustinform，表示責任或必要)youthatyouaretomake(表正式的，不以個人意志而改變的安排)aspeechatthemeetingtomorrow. (2)youaretobecongratulated.你應受到祝賀. (3)thebookisnottobefound.書不可能找到.(表可能) (4)everymemberofthepartywastopayhisownexpense.(表示命令) (5)atwhattimeamItobethere？(命令) (6)ifitweretoraintomorrow，themeetingwouldbeputoff.(表示虛擬) (7)heescapedfromhishometownandhewasnevertoseehiswifeandhisfamily.(表示預示命運) 69.nonethe+比較級毫不…… Heisnonetheworseforfallingintotheriver. Aftertakingthemedicine，I’mnonethebetter. Afterastayofthirtyminutesinthesea，hewentout，coldandwetthrough，butnonetheworsefortheexperience. 70.it’sonly/justamatterofdoing…….只不過是…..；….無非是….. (1)LearningEnglishisjustamatterofdoingmorelistening，speaking，readingandwriting. (2)Bringupachildisnotonlyamatteroffeeding，clothingandhousinghim.Youmustgivehimaself-confidenceandalsolethimknowsomeimportantvaluesinlife.
71.youhavetobe+adj+todo……要想…..，你還需…… (1)youhavetoberichtoliveinsuchanexpensiveandbeautifulhouse. (2)yuohavetobeoldtofightwithme. (3)youhavetobeyoungtoclimbupthemountainasfastasI. 72.farbeitfrommetodo….but….=onnoaccount/bynomeansamItodo…，but…. 我決不想……；我無意干…..，但是…. (1)farbeitfrommetointerfereinyouraffairsbutIwouldliketogiveyouonlyonepieceofadvice. (2)farbeitfrommetosaybutIamproudofbeingadmittedtoOxford，thishalloweduniversityoflearning.(神圣的學府) 73.全部倒裝句1 Here，there，out，in，up，down，now，then等副詞放于句首，句子全部倒裝. Theregoesthebell！=thebellisringing！ Herecomesthebus=thebusiscoming Outrushedthestudentsonhearingthecryforhelpinthedarkness. Nowcomesyourturntomakeafewremarkshere. Awayranthethiefthemomenthesawthepolicemen. Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto. 注意：(1)在這種情況下倒裝僅限于不及物動詞或be動詞，象go，come，rush等 (2)主語如是代詞不倒裝 Awayhewent 全部倒裝句2 方位狀語在句首，句子全倒裝： Infrontofthehousestoppedapolicecar. Nearbyweretwocanoesinwhichtheyhadcometotheisland. 全部倒裝句3；adj/V-ing/V-ed(+地點狀語)+be…. Presentatthemeetingwerethemanager，allthedesignersandthewriter. Sittingatthebackoftheclassroomwereseveraloldteachers，listeningattentivelytothenewteacher. Gonearethedayswhenfarmersliveatthemercyofnature. 半倒裝句1 否定副詞或否定短語在句首，句子半倒裝，如：little，never，hardly，rarely，seldom，notatall，bynomeans等. NeverdidChinahaveapowershortagethataffectedsomanyareasandcausedsomuchloss. Atnotimewasthemanawareofwhatwashappening. LittledidIunderstandwhathesaidtomeatthattime. It’sbeyonddescription.Nowhereelseintheworldcantherebesuchaquiet，beautifulplace. Notasinglemistakedidhemakeintheexam. Bynomeans(=Notatall)aretheseworksofartsatisfactory. 半倒裝句型：2notonly…..，butalso…… Notonlyisbettereducationimportantforimprovingourselvesbutalsofordevelopingoursociety. Theysuggestednotonlyshouldweattendthepartybutalsogiveaperformance. Ifwecontinueusingtoomuchundergroundwater，notonlywillthelandsink，butalsoseawaterwillcomein. 半倒裝句型3：neither，nor放在句首 “Ifyoudon’tattendtoyoursickmother，neitherwillI，”saidhiswifeinred-hotanger. ------whydidn’tyoubuyit？ ------Neitherwasthepricesatisfactory，nordidthecoloragreewithme. Withoutinternationalcooperation，developingcountriescannotprosper，norwillsustainabledevelopmentbepossible. 半倒裝句型4：only+狀語放在句首，主句半倒裝 Onlybychangingthewaywelivecanwesavetheearth. Onlybylearningtoliveinharmonywithnaturecanwesavetheearth. 半倒裝句型5：manyatime，often，onceinawhile等頻度副詞放在句首 ManyatimehashegivenmeahandwhenIwasintrouble. Nowandthenwillhebelateforschoolandbescoldedbytheteacher. Oftenhaveweseentheseboysdogoodthings. 半倒裝句型6：so/as+助動詞+主語……也…… Abetterunderstandingoftheenvironmentisnecessary，so/asisthewillingnesstoact. Hebelieved，asdidhisfamily，thatyouweretellingthetruth. Inthepast20years，oursocietyhaschangedalot，so/ashaveoureatinghabits. So+主語+助動詞.表肯定已有的觀點或事實 -----wehaveallworkedhardthesedays. -----sowehave. 主語+助動詞+so(按照別人的要求去做) ThewoundedlittleboyaskedmetolifthimupandIdidso. Soitiswithsb=it’sthesamewithsb(前者怎么樣，后者也怎樣) (前面既有否定句又有肯定句，或有多個謂語動詞，助動詞難以選擇時，用此句型) HelikesEnglishbutdoesn’tlikemaths，soitiswithme/it’sthesamewithme. Heisastudentandhestudieshard，soitiswithme. -----Hewasrallymanlyenoughtoberesponsibleforwhathehaddone. -----Sohewas，anditwaswithyou. 74.虛擬語氣句型 虛擬語氣句型1. If+were/did(動詞的過去式)，主語+would/might/should/could+do表示對現(xiàn)在的假設 IfIwereyou，Iwouldnotbesoproud. Idon’thaveacellphone.IfIhadone，itwouldbeconvenientformetogetintouchwithothers. IfIwereinyourposition，Iwouldthinkbetterofit. 虛擬語氣句型2. If+haddone，主語+would/might/should/could+havedone 表示對過去或已發(fā)生事情的虛擬假設 Whatapityitisthatyoudidn’tattendtheconcertyesterday！Ifyouhadattendtheconcert，youwouldhaveseenthefamoussinger. Anyoneinhispositionwouldhavedonethesame.= =IfanyonehadbeenIhisposition，hewouldhavedonethesame. 虛擬語氣句型3 If+were/did/(動詞過去式)/should/weretodo，主語=would/might/should/could+do (表示對將來的假設) Ifweweretopanic，wewouldnotbeabletogiveproperfirstaid. Ifitweretorain(=shouldrain=rained)tomorrow，wewouldnotgoforapicnic. Ifyoushouldn’tpassthecollegeentranceexamination，whatwouldyoudo？ 虛擬語氣條件句的倒裝：在虛擬條件句中，如出現(xiàn)有were，had，shoud，可省略if，可將主語于這些詞倒裝，構成虛擬倒裝句. Shouldheactlikethatagain，hewouldbefined. HadIknownmoreaboutgivingfirstaid，Icouldhavehelpedthem. WereItogotothemoononeday，Iwouldseeitwithmyowneyes. HadIenoughmoney(=ifIhadenoughmoney)，Iwouldbuyalargehouse. 虛擬語氣句型4 Ifonly引起的感嘆句，相當于howIwish+賓語從句，意為“但愿….，要是…就好了” Ifonlyhecouldcome！ Ifonlywestudentsdidn’thavesomuchhomework！ IfonlyIhadn’tbeensocarelessintheexam！ 虛擬語氣句型5. Ifitwerenotfor…(=wereitnotfor….) Ifithadn’tbeenfor…(=haditnotbeenfor…) 要不是因為有…..；如果不是…… Ifithadn’tbeenfor(haditnotbeenfor)thedeterminedcaptain，allthepassengersonboardwouldn’thavebeensaved. Ifitwerenotforyourrichparents，youcouldn’tlivesoeasyalife. 虛擬語氣句型6butfor，butthat Butfor+名詞和butthat+從句，意為”倘若不是，要不是”，接虛擬語氣. ButfortheCommunistPartyofChina，thePeople’sRepublicofChinacouldn’thavebeenfounded. Butforairandwater，nothingcouldsurvive. Shecouldn’thavebelievedit，butthatshesawit. 虛擬語氣句型7 在suggest，propose，insist，demand，require，request，order等表示建議，要求，命令的名詞性從句需要虛擬語氣，基本句型：主語+(should)+動詞原形 MotherinsistedthatJohn(should)gotobedat9o’clock. ManyhospitalrecommendedthatweusetheletterDRABCtorememberwhattodowhengivingfirstaid. Itwasrequiredthatchildren(should)besenttoschoolwhentheyreachtheageforschool. Thesuggestionthathe(should)beinvitedwasrejected. Thatistheirdemandthattheirwages(should)beincreased. 虛擬語氣8 It’snecessary/importantthatsb.Shoulddo…(should可省略) Withthesocietydevelopingveryfast，it’squitenecessary/importantthatwe(should)haveagoodknowledgeofEnglishandcomputer. It’snecessarythatJohntaketheexamfirst. 虛擬語氣9. It’sstrange/apity/surprisingthatsbshoulddo…..(should表示竟然) It’sapitythatsheshouldmissthechancetogoabroad. It’sreallysurprisingthataprophecyshouldcoincidewiththefactsoexactly. It’sstrangethatheshouldn’tpasstheexam. 虛擬語氣10. Wish+賓語從句，表示不大可能實現(xiàn)的愿望 表示現(xiàn)在的愿望：主語+動詞過去式 表示過去的愿望：主語+had+過去分詞 表示未來的愿望：主語+would(could)+動詞原型 HowIwishwestudentshadmorefreetimetorelaxourselves！ Ifailedinthemathsexam.HowIwishIhadn’twastedsomuchtimeplaying. Whatapityyoucan’tgototheparty.HowIwishIcoulddancewithyouattheparty. 虛擬語氣11. It’s(high/about)imethatsbdid/shoulddo….早就該…. It’stimethatwetookactionanddidourbitsfortheAIDSpatients. It’shightimethatwedidsomethingtoimproveourenvironment. 虛擬語氣12 Wouldratherthatsbdid….“寧愿…..；更愿意”表示現(xiàn)在或將來的愿望 Wouldratherthatsbhaddone….“寧愿…..；更愿意”表示過去的愿望. I’dratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway. I’dratheryouwerenotacelebratedactor.Inthatcase，wecouldspendmoretimetogether. I’dratherthatIhadn’tseenher. 虛擬語氣13. Asif(though)+主語+did/haddone…表示過去的情況用過去完成時，表示現(xiàn)在和將來的情況用過去時 Ourheadteachertreatsusasifwewereherownchildren，soallthestudentsinourclassthinkhighlyofher. AlantalkedaboutRomeasifhehadbeenthere. Alltoooften，peopletreatAIDSpatientsasiftheywerebadordangerous. 75.關系代詞as，which的區(qū)別 (1).當定語從句是否定句或表示否定時只能用which. Hecamehereverylate，whichwasunexpected. (2).當as在從句中作主語是，后面常接動詞的被動語態(tài).如：beknown，besaid，bereported，beannounced.如從句的行為動詞是主動語態(tài)，一般用which作主語. Shehasbeenabsentagain，asisexpected. Tomhasmaderapidprogress，whichmakesmeveryhappy. (3).As常用在as(it)seemslikely，as(it)oftenhappens，as(it)wasprintedout，as(it)wassaidearlier，asIremember(it)，asIunderstand(it)，as(it)appears.等結構 Jackhaswonthefirstprize，asitoftenhappens. ShehasreadwidelyinRomanticliterature，asitappearsfromheressay. (4).As仍然保持作連詞時常有的某種含義. Davidistall，asaremybrothers. Heopposedtheidea，ascouldbeexpected. (5).當非限定性定語從句是一個復合結構時，只能用which Bettyalwaystellalie，whichherparentsfindstrange.
76.關系副詞where的用法；高考對where的考察驅于復雜，從先行詞為明顯的地點，轉為地點模糊化.當先行詞表示某人/物的situation，或某事物所發(fā)展的stage，或表示某事物的某方面時都可用where. Eg.Theaccidenthadreachedapointwhereboththeirparentsaretobecalledin. Wherewillallthistroublelead？ Thatiswhereyouaremistaken. Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal，andthisiswhereIdisagree. Icanthinkofmanycases，wherestudentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay. 77.為了增加定語從句試題難度，采用以下方法： (1).在定語從句中，適當加入插入語. Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay______，ofcourse，madetheothersunhappy. A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what Thewrongyou’vedonehimisterrible，for_____Ithink(inmyopinion)youshouldmakeanapologytohim. A.thisB.whichC.whatD.that (2).把先行詞與定語從句隔開. Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage. A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where (3).綜合考察對定語從句，名詞性從句，狀語從句，強調(diào)句的辨析能力. //Thereisafeelinginme______we’llneverknowwhataUFOis–notever. A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what Amoderncityhasbeensetupin_______wasawastelandtenyearsago. A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where Heissuchacleverboy__as____everyonelikes. Heissuchacleverboy__that____everyonelikeshim. A.asB.thatC.whichD.it Wasitinthevillage_____weusedtolivein_____theaccidenthappened？ A.where；thatB.which；thatC.that；whereD.where；which 78.主動形式表被動意義 (1).系動詞look，sound，feel，smell，taste，appear，seem，go，prove，turn，stay，become，fall，get，grow，keep+形容詞/名詞構成系表結構. Eg.Thesteelfeelscold. Hisplanproved(tobe)practical. Ithasgonebad. (2).表示開始，結束，運動的動詞.如：begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，end，shut，run，moved Eg.Workbeganat7o’clockthismorning. Theshopclosesat6p.m.everyday. (3).表示主語的某種屬性特征的動詞.如：read，write，act，iron，cut，draw，drive，sell，wash，clean，wear，open，cook，lock，shut，dry，eat，drink.這類動詞一般不單獨使用，常有一個修飾語. Eg.Thiscoatdrieseasily.Nyloncleaneasily. Thedoorwon’tlock.Foodcankeepfreshinafridge. Yourspeechreadswell.Thismaterialhaswornthin. Hisbookdoesnotsellwell.Yourpenwritessmoothly. Thematchwon’tcatch.Theplanworkedoutwonderfully. Therecorderwon’tplay.Theenginewon’tstart. Thisknifecutswell.Theclothwasheswell. (4).少數(shù)動詞用于進行時，其主動形式表示被動含義.如：print，cook，fry，hang，build，make. Eg.Thebooksareprinting. Themeatiscooking. (5).介詞in，on，under等+名詞短語表示被動意義. 表方位的介詞于含動作意義的名詞合用，含被動意義，其意義相當于該名詞相應動詞的被動形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞. 常見的有：undercontrol；undertreatment；underrepair；underdiscussion；underconstruction；beyondbelief；beyondone’sreach；beyondone’scontrol；beyondourhope(我們史料不及)；forsale；forrent；inprint；insight；onsale；onshow；ontrial；outcontrol；outsight；outofone’sreach；outoffashion. Eg.Thebuildingisunderconstruction. Therumorisbeyondbelief. Hishonestcharacterisaboveallpraise. Thathouseisforsale. Thebookisnotyetinprint. Todaysometreasuresarenotonshowinthemuseum. Theplanewasoutofcontrol. Hetooktwodaysoffwithintheteacher’spermission. (6).不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或及物動詞短語： Fit，have，wish，cost，agreewith，arriveat/in，shakehandswith，succeedin，sufferfrom，happento，takepartin，walkinto，belongto Eg.Thiskeyjustfitsthelock. Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.