課文詳注 Further notes on the text
1.I have been trying to get my new room in order.我試圖把我的新房間收拾整齊。
(1)與課文開頭那句話的后半部分一樣,這個(gè)句子也用了現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。(cf.本課語法)
(2)get…in order表in“把……整理好”,in order的含義之一為“整齊”、“井然有序”:
Get/Put everything in order before you leave the room.
離開房間前把所有的東西都整理好。
2.To make matters worse, the room is rather small…更糟糕的是房間還非常小……
to make matters worse是個(gè)插入語,與主句之間要用逗號(hào)隔開。
matters(復(fù)數(shù)形式)可以表示“事態(tài)”、“情況”。這個(gè)短語是個(gè)慣用語:
I lost my way in the forest, and to make matters worse, it became dark.
我在森林里迷了路。更糟糕的是,天開始黑了。
3.At the moment, they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room.這會(huì)兒,書把地板的每一點(diǎn)空隙都占據(jù)了,我實(shí)際上是踩著這些書進(jìn)出房間的。
(1)at the moment表示“此刻”、“目前”:
At the moment, I'm busy preparing for the exams.
目前我正忙著準(zhǔn)備考試。
(2)to get…為表示目的的不定式短語,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)從句。
4.You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!空閑時(shí)你可以坐在這兒讀地毯!
spare可以表示“空閑的”、“多余的”:
I like to read in my spare time.
我空閑時(shí)喜歡讀書。
Have you got a spare moment?
你(現(xiàn)在)有空嗎?
語法 Grammar in use
1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
在第4課、第28課的語法中,我們學(xué)習(xí)了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法以及經(jīng)常與它連用的時(shí)間副詞(或短語)、介詞等?,F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由have been+現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行,而且動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在有結(jié)果。到現(xiàn)在為止,該動(dòng)作可能已不再繼續(xù)進(jìn)行,也可能還在繼續(xù)進(jìn)行,這要根據(jù)上下文來確定。句子中常含有all+表示時(shí)間的詞語如all day, all morning等或for和since。一般說來,現(xiàn)在完成表示已完成的動(dòng)作,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則可表示尚未完成的動(dòng)作。有些動(dòng)詞,如learn, lie, live, rain, sit, sleep, stand, study, wait, work等本身就有持續(xù)性,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)形式與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)形式可以互換,惟一的區(qū)別是后者更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性:
2.形容詞、相應(yīng)的副詞及其用法
(1)許多副詞,特別是表示方式的副詞,皆由形容詞加-ly構(gòu)成,如easy(容易的)/easily(容易地),beautiful(漂亮的)/beautifully(漂亮地)。一些頻度副詞也如此構(gòu)成,如usual(通常的)/usually(通常)。還有少數(shù)幾個(gè)表示程度及觀點(diǎn)的副詞也都以-ly結(jié)尾:high(高的)/highly(高度地),real(真的)/really(真正的)。這些副詞與它相應(yīng)的形容詞的意義區(qū)別不大,比較容易掌握:
She is very happy now.
她現(xiàn)在很快樂。
She lives happily with her mother.
她和母親一起快樂地生活。
(2)有些副詞雖然由形容詞加-ly構(gòu)成,但在意義上與其相應(yīng)的形容詞并不相同,如hard(勤奮的,困難的)/hardly(幾乎不),cold(冷的)/coldly(冷淡的),late(遲到的,晚的)/lately(近,近來),near(近的,接近的)/nearly(幾乎,差不多,差點(diǎn)兒)。有些副詞有兩種形式。有的意義相同,如cheap(廉價(jià)地)/cheaply(廉價(jià)地),但有的意義不同如late(遲,晚)/lately(近來),hard(努力地,猛烈地)/hardly(幾乎不)。有些副詞在形式上與形容詞相同,如fast(快),past(過去),far(遠(yuǎn))等。
(3)大多數(shù)方式副詞的位置一般在賓語或動(dòng)詞后面:
Look at this photo carefully.
仔細(xì)看這張照片。(賓語后面)
It snowed heavily last night.
昨天夜里雪下得很大。(動(dòng)詞后面)
Why don't you try to work hard?
你為什么不努力工作呢?(動(dòng)詞后面)
表示時(shí)間的副詞常位于句尾,有時(shí)也可位于句首:
This morning I got up very early/ late.
今天早上我起得很早/晚。(句首或句尾)
程度副詞,如almost, enough, hardly, nearly, quite, rather, too等,大部分用在它們所修飾的詞之前:
The film was quite good.
這個(gè)電影相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)。(修飾形容詞)
I nearly cried out with surprise.
我驚訝得幾乎叫了起來。(修飾動(dòng)詞)
副詞的位置比較復(fù)雜,大部分要看具體情況。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1.own
(1)vt. 擁有:
I own over a thousand books.
我有一千多本書。
Who owns this car?
這輛車是誰的?
(2)vt.,vi. 承認(rèn):
He owned(that)he had made a mistake.
他承認(rèn)自己犯了個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
He owned to stealing the wallet.
他承認(rèn)偷了錢包。
(3)adj.自己的:
He lives in his own house.
他住在自己家里。
He has a car of his own.
他有一輛自己的車。
2.quite與quiet
由于發(fā)音和詞形都很相似,這兩個(gè)單詞往往容易搞混,其實(shí)區(qū)別很大。
(1)quite為程度副詞,表示“完全”、“相當(dāng)”、“很”等含義:
I'm quite ready.
我已全準(zhǔn)備好了。
That hat is quite pretty.
那頂帽子很漂亮。
Are you quite certain?
你敢完全肯定嗎?
She isn't quite happy.
她不是很開心。
(2)quiet可作形容詞,表示“安靜的”、“平靜的”、“靜止的”、“寂靜的”等:
Please be quiet.
請(qǐng)安靜點(diǎn)。
The sea was very quiet this morning.
今天上午大海很平靜。
The house became quiet again when the children were gone.
孩子們走了之后屋子里又變得寂靜了。
練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
A What has happened: We have just moved(1.1);This has not been easy(1.3); I have…put(11.4-5); I have ever seen(1.9)
What has been happening: I have been working(1.1);I have been trying(1.2)
C have explained…h(huán)ave understood…Have you been listening…h(huán)as been working/ has worked…h(huán)as been earning/ has earned…h(huán)as she earned…h(huán)ave not been listening
2.難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案
1 carefully 2 hard 3 hard 4 late 5 nearly 6 fast 7 high
3.多項(xiàng)選擇題答案
1 b 2c 3c 4a 5b 6d
7 c 8 b 9a 10 c 11b 12 d
1.I have been trying to get my new room in order.我試圖把我的新房間收拾整齊。
(1)與課文開頭那句話的后半部分一樣,這個(gè)句子也用了現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。(cf.本課語法)
(2)get…in order表in“把……整理好”,in order的含義之一為“整齊”、“井然有序”:
Get/Put everything in order before you leave the room.
離開房間前把所有的東西都整理好。
2.To make matters worse, the room is rather small…更糟糕的是房間還非常小……
to make matters worse是個(gè)插入語,與主句之間要用逗號(hào)隔開。
matters(復(fù)數(shù)形式)可以表示“事態(tài)”、“情況”。這個(gè)短語是個(gè)慣用語:
I lost my way in the forest, and to make matters worse, it became dark.
我在森林里迷了路。更糟糕的是,天開始黑了。
3.At the moment, they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room.這會(huì)兒,書把地板的每一點(diǎn)空隙都占據(jù)了,我實(shí)際上是踩著這些書進(jìn)出房間的。
(1)at the moment表示“此刻”、“目前”:
At the moment, I'm busy preparing for the exams.
目前我正忙著準(zhǔn)備考試。
(2)to get…為表示目的的不定式短語,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)從句。
4.You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!空閑時(shí)你可以坐在這兒讀地毯!
spare可以表示“空閑的”、“多余的”:
I like to read in my spare time.
我空閑時(shí)喜歡讀書。
Have you got a spare moment?
你(現(xiàn)在)有空嗎?
語法 Grammar in use
1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
在第4課、第28課的語法中,我們學(xué)習(xí)了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法以及經(jīng)常與它連用的時(shí)間副詞(或短語)、介詞等?,F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由have been+現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行,而且動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在有結(jié)果。到現(xiàn)在為止,該動(dòng)作可能已不再繼續(xù)進(jìn)行,也可能還在繼續(xù)進(jìn)行,這要根據(jù)上下文來確定。句子中常含有all+表示時(shí)間的詞語如all day, all morning等或for和since。一般說來,現(xiàn)在完成表示已完成的動(dòng)作,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則可表示尚未完成的動(dòng)作。有些動(dòng)詞,如learn, lie, live, rain, sit, sleep, stand, study, wait, work等本身就有持續(xù)性,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)形式與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)形式可以互換,惟一的區(qū)別是后者更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性:
2.形容詞、相應(yīng)的副詞及其用法
(1)許多副詞,特別是表示方式的副詞,皆由形容詞加-ly構(gòu)成,如easy(容易的)/easily(容易地),beautiful(漂亮的)/beautifully(漂亮地)。一些頻度副詞也如此構(gòu)成,如usual(通常的)/usually(通常)。還有少數(shù)幾個(gè)表示程度及觀點(diǎn)的副詞也都以-ly結(jié)尾:high(高的)/highly(高度地),real(真的)/really(真正的)。這些副詞與它相應(yīng)的形容詞的意義區(qū)別不大,比較容易掌握:
She is very happy now.
她現(xiàn)在很快樂。
She lives happily with her mother.
她和母親一起快樂地生活。
(2)有些副詞雖然由形容詞加-ly構(gòu)成,但在意義上與其相應(yīng)的形容詞并不相同,如hard(勤奮的,困難的)/hardly(幾乎不),cold(冷的)/coldly(冷淡的),late(遲到的,晚的)/lately(近,近來),near(近的,接近的)/nearly(幾乎,差不多,差點(diǎn)兒)。有些副詞有兩種形式。有的意義相同,如cheap(廉價(jià)地)/cheaply(廉價(jià)地),但有的意義不同如late(遲,晚)/lately(近來),hard(努力地,猛烈地)/hardly(幾乎不)。有些副詞在形式上與形容詞相同,如fast(快),past(過去),far(遠(yuǎn))等。
(3)大多數(shù)方式副詞的位置一般在賓語或動(dòng)詞后面:
Look at this photo carefully.
仔細(xì)看這張照片。(賓語后面)
It snowed heavily last night.
昨天夜里雪下得很大。(動(dòng)詞后面)
Why don't you try to work hard?
你為什么不努力工作呢?(動(dòng)詞后面)
表示時(shí)間的副詞常位于句尾,有時(shí)也可位于句首:
This morning I got up very early/ late.
今天早上我起得很早/晚。(句首或句尾)
程度副詞,如almost, enough, hardly, nearly, quite, rather, too等,大部分用在它們所修飾的詞之前:
The film was quite good.
這個(gè)電影相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)。(修飾形容詞)
I nearly cried out with surprise.
我驚訝得幾乎叫了起來。(修飾動(dòng)詞)
副詞的位置比較復(fù)雜,大部分要看具體情況。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1.own
(1)vt. 擁有:
I own over a thousand books.
我有一千多本書。
Who owns this car?
這輛車是誰的?
(2)vt.,vi. 承認(rèn):
He owned(that)he had made a mistake.
他承認(rèn)自己犯了個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
He owned to stealing the wallet.
他承認(rèn)偷了錢包。
(3)adj.自己的:
He lives in his own house.
他住在自己家里。
He has a car of his own.
他有一輛自己的車。
2.quite與quiet
由于發(fā)音和詞形都很相似,這兩個(gè)單詞往往容易搞混,其實(shí)區(qū)別很大。
(1)quite為程度副詞,表示“完全”、“相當(dāng)”、“很”等含義:
I'm quite ready.
我已全準(zhǔn)備好了。
That hat is quite pretty.
那頂帽子很漂亮。
Are you quite certain?
你敢完全肯定嗎?
She isn't quite happy.
她不是很開心。
(2)quiet可作形容詞,表示“安靜的”、“平靜的”、“靜止的”、“寂靜的”等:
Please be quiet.
請(qǐng)安靜點(diǎn)。
The sea was very quiet this morning.
今天上午大海很平靜。
The house became quiet again when the children were gone.
孩子們走了之后屋子里又變得寂靜了。
練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
A What has happened: We have just moved(1.1);This has not been easy(1.3); I have…put(11.4-5); I have ever seen(1.9)
What has been happening: I have been working(1.1);I have been trying(1.2)
C have explained…h(huán)ave understood…Have you been listening…h(huán)as been working/ has worked…h(huán)as been earning/ has earned…h(huán)as she earned…h(huán)ave not been listening
2.難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案
1 carefully 2 hard 3 hard 4 late 5 nearly 6 fast 7 high
3.多項(xiàng)選擇題答案
1 b 2c 3c 4a 5b 6d
7 c 8 b 9a 10 c 11b 12 d