2013年研究生管理英語語法難點講解否定句上

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    八、重復(fù)否定
    重復(fù)否定不同于雙重否定,它是在不同時間內(nèi),從句或主句中作同一否定。
    例句: The expression in his eyes was not anger, nor surprise, nor disapproval, nor horror, nor any of the sentiments she had been prepared for.
    分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,其中定語從句she had been prepared for修飾the sentiments。
    譯文: 他的表情既不是憤怒,也不是驚訝,又不是不滿,更不是厭惡,不是她所預(yù)料的任何一種表情。
    下列情況也是表示重復(fù)否定,意為“更不用說,更談不到,更提不上,休說,莫談,哪里,何況”,后接名詞、動詞、介詞短語、不定式等。
    (一)much more/still more/even more用于肯定句
    例句: He could solve much more difficult questions, still more simple ones.
    分析: 該句是簡單句。
    譯文: 他連再難的問題都能解決,更別說這些簡單問題了。
    例句: We are ready to give our lives for our motherland, much more to suffer some hardships.
    分析: 該句是簡單句。
    譯文: 為了祖國我們隨時貢獻(xiàn)我們的生命,更不必說吃點苦了。
    (二)much less/still less/even less用于否定句
    例句: Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over prolonged small talk; much less do they take them out for dinner, or around on the golf course while they develop a sense of trust and rapport.
    分析: 該句包含while引導(dǎo)的并列句,其中much less置于句首引起倒裝。
    譯文: 一般情況下,美國人不會在這種輕松的環(huán)境中通過長時間的閑聊來評價他們的來訪者,更不通過把來訪者帶到外面吃飯或去高爾夫球場來建立信任和融洽的關(guān)系。
    (三)let alone適用于肯定句或否定句
    例句: While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized. (選自2009年Text 4)
    分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,句子主干是it is obvious that...,其中it是形式主語,真正的主語是that從句,while引導(dǎo)一個讓步狀語從句, let alone dependents and servants作插入語,to be analyzed作literary compositions的后置定語。
    譯文: 盡管很少數(shù)的手工藝者或農(nóng)民(更不用說家屬和仆人)留下文學(xué)作品供我們分析研究,但是很明顯他們的觀點并不完全具有學(xué)術(shù)性。
    例句: For the new country to survive, let alone for its people to enjoy prosperity, new economic policies will be required. (1997年第38題)
    分析: 該句是簡單句,介詞短語for the new...在句中作狀語表目的。
    譯文: 一個新興國家要生存,就必須制定新的經(jīng)濟政策,更不用說如何使一個國家的人民享受繁榮了。
    例句: Countless divorced politicians would have been elected out of office years ago had they even thought of a divorce, let alone gotten one. (2000年第10題)
    分析: 該句為復(fù)合句,其中had they even thought of a divorce是省略if的倒裝句,整句是表示與過去事實相反假設(shè)的虛擬語氣。
    譯文: 幾年前,政客們只要是有離婚的念頭,就會在競選中失敗,更不用說真的離婚了。