Part IWriting(30 minutes)
Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Choosing an Occupation. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 選擇職業(yè)是一個(gè)人要面對(duì)的眾多難題之一。
2. 需要花時(shí)間去選擇職業(yè)。
3. 選擇職業(yè)時(shí)可以向多人尋求建議和幫助。
【寫作思路】
本文是一篇關(guān)于擇業(yè)的議論文。短文需要說(shuō)明慎重?fù)駱I(yè)相當(dāng)重要，并提出多種指導(dǎo)擇業(yè)的方法。
【參考范文】
Choosing an Occupation
One of the most important problems a young person faces is deciding what to do. There are some people, of course, who from the time are six years old “know” that they want to be doctors or pilots or fire fighters, but the majority of us do not get around to making a decision about an occupation or career until somebody or something forces us to face the problem.
Choosing an occupation takes time, and there are a lot of things you have to think about as you try to decide what you would like to do. You may find that you will have to take special courses to qualify for a particular kind of work, or you may find out that you will need to get actual work experience to gain enough knowledge to qualify for a particular job.
Fortunately, there are a lot of people you can turn to for advice and help in making your decision. At most schools, there are teachers who are professionally qualified to give you detailed information about job qualifications. And you can talk over your ideas with family members and friends who are always ready to listen and to offer suggestions.
聽(tīng)力
Section C
Directions:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in you own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
In the English (36) system, students take three very important examinations. The first is the eleven-plus, which is (37) at the age of eleven or a little past. At one time the (38) or (39) shown on the eleven-plus would have (40) if a child stayed in school. Now, however, all children continue in (41) schools, and the eleven-plus determines which courses of study the child will follow. At the age of fifteen or sixteen, the students are (42) for the Ordinary (43) of the General Certificate of Education. (44) . Once students have passed this exam, they are allowed to specialize, so that two-thirds or more of their courses will be in physics, chemistry, classical languages, or whatever they wish to study at greater length. (45) . Even at the universities, students study only in their concentrated area, and very few students ever venture out-side that subject again. (46) .
36.【答案】educational
【解析】本文講的是英國(guó)的教育系統(tǒng)，主要講了英國(guó)學(xué)生要參加的三次重要的考試。
37.【答案】taken
【解析】英國(guó)學(xué)生的首次升學(xué)考試是在十一歲左右進(jìn)行。學(xué)生參加考試，此處是被動(dòng)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)是考試，因此用taken。
38.【答案】ability
【解析】學(xué)生的能力和才智將在elevenplus的升學(xué)考試?yán)锏玫襟w現(xiàn)，從而決定其是否應(yīng)留在學(xué)校繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，此空格即是能力ability一詞。
39.【答案】aptitude
【解析】此空格內(nèi)容與前一空格內(nèi)容相關(guān)聯(lián),學(xué)生的能力和才智將在升學(xué)考試中得到體現(xiàn)，aptitude是才智、智能的意思.
40.【答案】determined
【解析】英國(guó)學(xué)生參加的首次考試elevenplus的結(jié)果將決定他們是否繼續(xù)留校學(xué)習(xí)， 因此此處空格填“決定”一詞，而且又為過(guò)去分詞，即為determined。
41.【答案】comprehensive
【解析】現(xiàn)在所有的學(xué)生都進(jìn)入綜合中學(xué)繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，comprehensive意為“廣泛的、綜合的”。
42.【答案】tested
【解析】學(xué)生接受測(cè)試，主語(yǔ)是學(xué)生，語(yǔ)態(tài)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因此用tested。
43.【答案】Level
【解析】一般水平即是ordinary level。level即為水平、水準(zhǔn)之意。
44.【答案】This examination covers a wide range of subjects.
45.【答案】The final examination, at eighteen, covers only the content of the special subjects.
46.【答案】In a real sense, the English boy or girl is a specialist from the age of fifteen.
閱讀理解
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.
The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.
The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.
Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.
57.According to the passage, which of the following is true?
[A]All international managers can learn culture.
[B]Business diversity is not necessary.
[C]Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.
[D]Most people do not know foreign culture well.
58.According to the author, the model of Pepsi .
[A]is in line with the theories that the business is business the world around
[B]is different from the model of McDonald’s
[C]shows the reverse of globalization
[D]has converged cultural differences
59.The two schools of thought .
[A]both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures
[B]both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries
[C]admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world
[D]both A and B
60.This article is supposed to be most useful for those .
[A]who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity
[B]who have connections to more than one type of culture
[C]who want to travel abroad
[D]who want to run business on International Scale
61.According to Fortune, successful international
companies .
[A]earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas
[B]all have the quality of patience
[C]will follow the overseas local cultures
[D]adopt the policy of internationalization
【全文翻譯】
文化是國(guó)際商業(yè)中具是挑戰(zhàn)性的因素之一。作為一種體系，文化具有既定社會(huì)成員習(xí)得性行為模式的特點(diǎn)，不斷受到一些動(dòng)態(tài)變量的塑造，如：語(yǔ)言、宗教信仰、價(jià)值觀、態(tài)度、行為方式和風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、美學(xué)、科技、教育和社會(huì)制度。為了應(yīng)對(duì)這一體系，一個(gè)國(guó)際經(jīng)理需要了解文化知識(shí)并對(duì)此作出詮釋。在某種程度上，文化知識(shí)可以通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)獲得，但對(duì)文化的詮釋只能通過(guò)實(shí)踐獲得。
應(yīng)對(duì)文化環(huán)境復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題源于這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：人生在文化中但卻不能學(xué)習(xí)文化。關(guān)于如何應(yīng)對(duì)文化的多樣性，商界中存在兩種觀點(diǎn)。一種認(rèn)為，商業(yè)是世界性的，遵循百事(Pepsi)和麥當(dāng)勞(McDonald)的模式。在某些情況下，全球化就是生活;但是，文化差異仍然難以趨同。
另外一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，企業(yè)必須調(diào)整其策略以適應(yīng)特別的文化。在各個(gè)國(guó)家建立政策和程序就如同器官移植，關(guān)鍵的問(wèn)題是以接受或排斥為中心。國(guó)際經(jīng)理面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)是要確認(rèn)排斥不是由文化近視或者盲目所引起的。
財(cái)富(Fortune)對(duì)十二個(gè)海外收入占其總收入20%或更多的大公司的國(guó)際業(yè)績(jī)進(jìn)行了研究。成功的國(guó)際公司都有一個(gè)重要的特征：耐心。它們不是冒失地闖入而是遵循基本的商業(yè)原則認(rèn)真地營(yíng)造自己的經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)。這些原則就是了解對(duì)手、了解觀眾以及了解顧客。
【答案解析】
57.【解析】[C]推斷題。意為“在商業(yè)中怎樣對(duì)待文化有著不同意見(jiàn)”。 文化在商業(yè)中是一個(gè)很具挑戰(zhàn)性的因素,不同的國(guó)家與地區(qū)可能會(huì)有不同的文化體系。在商業(yè)中，應(yīng)該怎樣對(duì)待不同的文化，商業(yè)界存在著不同的看法。
58.【解析】[A]細(xì)節(jié)題。Pepsi采納的是國(guó)際化的商業(yè)風(fēng)格，這與那些主張國(guó)際化的派別的意見(jiàn)是相一致的。
59.【解析】[C]推斷題。意為“承認(rèn)商業(yè)世界中文化的多元性”。兩個(gè)派別都承認(rèn)商業(yè)世界中文化的多元性。他們的不同在于，如何對(duì)待不同的文化，應(yīng)該搞國(guó)際化還是對(duì)不同的文化采取不同的策略。
60.【解析】[D]主旨題。由文中的例子可以知道，作者主要關(guān)心的并不是研究多種文化形態(tài)，而是文化背景對(duì)商業(yè)運(yùn)作的影響。所以D是正確答案。
61.【解析】[B]細(xì)節(jié)題。意為“都具有耐心這一素質(zhì)”。即他們并不急于對(duì)號(hào)入座而是依據(jù)基本的商業(yè)原則謹(jǐn)慎地建立自己的運(yùn)行模式。
. 精品推薦：
英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)歷年真題匯總 高清精品課程推薦
英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)備考資料匯總 英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)報(bào)考指南
完形填空
Part ⅤCloze (15 minutes)
Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D]on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Who won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? 67 an event takes place, newspapers are on the streets 68 the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reports are on the spot to 69 the news. Newspapers have one basic 70 , to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to 71 it. Radio, telegraph, television,and 72 inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication. 73 , this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the 74 and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are 75 and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out to many other fields. Besides keeping readers 76 of the latest news, today’s newspapers 77 and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers’ economic choices 78 advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very 79 .News-papers are sold at a price that 80 even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main 81 of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The 82 in selling advertising depends on a newspaper’s value to advertisers. This 83 in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends 84 on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment 85 in a newspaper’s pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper’s value to readers as a source of information 86 the community, city, country, state, nation, and world—and even outer space.
67.[A]Just when [B]While [C]Soon after [D]Before
68.[A]to give [B]giving [C]given [D]being given
69.[A]gather [B]spread [C]carry [D]bring
70.[A]reason [B]cause [C]problem [D]purpose
71.[A]make [B]publish [C]know [D]write
72.[A]another [B]other [C]one another [D]the other
73.[A]However [B]And [C]Therefore [D]So
74.[A]value [B]ratio [C]rate [D]speed
75.[A]spread [B]passed [C]printed [D]completed
76.[A]inform [B]be informed [C]to informed [D]informed
77.[A]entertain [B]encourage [C]educate [D]edit
78.[A]on [B]through [C]with [D]of
79.[A]forms [B]existence [C]contents [D]purpose
80.[A]tries to cover [B]manages to cover[C]fails to cover [D]succeeds in
81.[A]source [B]origin [C]course [D]finance
82.[A]way [B]means [C]chance [D]success
83.[A]measures [B]measured [C]is measured [D]was measured
84.[A]somewhat [B]little [C]much [D]something
85.[A]offering [B]offered [C]which offered [D]to be offered
86.[A]by [B]with [C]at [D]about
【全文翻譯】
誰(shuí)獲得了1994年世界杯足球賽的冠軍?聯(lián)合國(guó)發(fā)生了什么事情?批評(píng)家如何喜歡新劇?一個(gè)事件剛剛發(fā)生，街上就有報(bào)紙報(bào)道詳情了。世界上無(wú)論什么地方發(fā)生事情，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的消息報(bào)道就出現(xiàn)了。報(bào)紙有一個(gè)基本的目的，即盡快從消息來(lái)源地、消息制造者處獲得消息，并把它傳遞給想要知道消息的人。無(wú)線電、電報(bào)、電視及其他發(fā)明是報(bào)紙的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。雜志和其他通訊方式的發(fā)展也給報(bào)紙帶來(lái)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。然而，這種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)只是加速了報(bào)紙的發(fā)展。報(bào)紙很快地利用更新、更快的通訊手段來(lái)提高速度，進(jìn)而改善自身的運(yùn)作效率?，F(xiàn)在發(fā)行的報(bào)紙遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了以前任何時(shí)候。競(jìng)爭(zhēng)也使報(bào)紙向其他許多領(lǐng)域擴(kuò)展。除了不斷為讀者提供新的新聞外，現(xiàn)在的報(bào)紙還通過(guò)政治報(bào)道和其他的重要事件來(lái)教育和影響讀者，通過(guò)廣告來(lái)影響讀者的經(jīng)濟(jì)選擇。大部分報(bào)紙依靠廣告收入來(lái)維持生存，其售價(jià)較低，甚至不足以抵付其成本的一小部分。大部分報(bào)紙的收入來(lái)源于商業(yè)廣告，而廣告業(yè)務(wù)的成功取決于報(bào)紙?jiān)诳蛻?要登廣告的人)心中的價(jià)值。這種價(jià)值是以發(fā)行量來(lái)衡量的。有多少人閱讀該報(bào)紙呢?發(fā)行量的大小，很大程度上取決于發(fā)行部門的工作及報(bào)紙所提供的服務(wù)或娛樂(lè)。但是，很大程度上，報(bào)紙作為關(guān)于社區(qū)、城市、國(guó)家、州、民族、世界甚至外層空間的信息來(lái)源，它的發(fā)行量取決于其對(duì)讀者的價(jià)值。
【答案解析】
67.【解析】[A]just在此為副詞，意為“剛剛”，做狀語(yǔ)。此句意為“一個(gè)事件剛剛發(fā)生，街上就有報(bào)紙報(bào)道詳情了”，說(shuō)明報(bào)紙對(duì)新聞的反應(yīng)之快。
68.【解析】[A]to give和giving都合乎語(yǔ)法，但giving強(qiáng)調(diào)的是正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，而此處重點(diǎn)表達(dá)的是“反應(yīng)快”，不是正在做什么。
69.【解析】[A]消息、信息要靠收集。
70.【解析】[D]后面的不定式短語(yǔ)表示目的。
71.【解析】[C]提供信息的目的是為了讓他人知道，所以選C。
72.【解析】[B]other意為“其他的”。此句意為：無(wú)線電、電報(bào)、電視及其他發(fā)明，成為報(bào)紙的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。
73.【解析】[A]根據(jù)句中的merely及其后所述內(nèi)容，應(yīng)選however，表轉(zhuǎn)折。
74.【解析】[D]使用更新、更快的通信工具，目的是提高速度。
75.【解析】[C]報(bào)紙是印出來(lái)的，先印后看(讀)。
76.【解析】[D]“keep sb. 過(guò)去分詞”是一種復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，sb.與過(guò)去分詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，意為保持這種關(guān)系的繼續(xù)。此句的意思是：報(bào)紙不斷地為讀者提供新聞信息。
77.【解析】[C]關(guān)于politics之類的嚴(yán)肅話題,只能選educate。
78.【解析】[B]此句意為：報(bào)紙通過(guò)廣告影響讀者在經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中的選擇。
79.【解析】[B]大多數(shù)報(bào)紙依靠廣告收入來(lái)維持生存，此現(xiàn)象人人皆知。
80.【解析】[C]報(bào)紙的售價(jià)之低，不足以抵付成本的一小部分。符合上下文關(guān)于廣告收入的說(shuō)法。
81.【解析】[A]收入來(lái)源應(yīng)該用source。因?yàn)閟ource指河流、泉水的發(fā)源地;常指抽象事物的根源或來(lái)源以及資料、信息的出處或來(lái)源。origin起源，起因。指事物后來(lái)發(fā)生、發(fā)展變化的初起點(diǎn),或指人的出身和血統(tǒng)。
82.【解析】[D]succeed in為固定短語(yǔ)。此句意為：廣告業(yè)務(wù)的成功，取決于報(bào)紙?jiān)诳蛻?要打廣告的人)心中的價(jià)值。
83.【解析】[C]根據(jù)上下文，此處應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，此句意為：報(bào)紙?jiān)诳蛻粜闹械膬r(jià)值，是靠發(fā)行量衡量的。
84.【解析】[C]該句意為：發(fā)行量的大小，很大程度上取決于發(fā)行部門的工作及報(bào)紙所提供的服務(wù)功能和娛樂(lè)功能。
85.【解析】[B]offered作services和entertainment的定語(yǔ)。
86.【解析】[D]information后面接介詞about，表示“關(guān)于”。
翻譯
Part ⅥTranslation(5 minutes)
Direction:Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into , English the Chinese given in brackets.
87.There’s a man at the reception desk who see, ms very angry and I think he means (想找麻煩).
88.Why didn’t you tell me you could lend me the money? I (本來(lái)不必從銀行借錢的).
89. (正是由于她太沒(méi)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)) that she does not know how to deal with the situation.
90.I (將做實(shí)驗(yàn)) from three to five this afternoon.
91.If this can’t be settled reasonably, it may be necessary to (訴諸武力).
答案
87.【答案】to make trouble
【解析】找麻煩，用固定詞組make trouble即可，make trouble 即“制造麻煩，搗亂”之意。
88.【答案】needn’t have borrowed it from the bank
【解析】本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法，needn’t have done的結(jié)構(gòu)是“本不必這樣做而做了”的意思。
89.【答案】It is because she is so inexperienced
【解析】沒(méi)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)可以用一個(gè)形容詞來(lái)翻譯，即inexperienced。
90.【答案】will be doing/conducting the experiment
【解析】本題考查將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的用法，做實(shí)驗(yàn)既可用do experiment也可用conduct experiment。
91.【答案】resort to force
【解析】本題亦考查固定詞組用法，“訴諸武力”有固定詞組resort to force。
Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Choosing an Occupation. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 選擇職業(yè)是一個(gè)人要面對(duì)的眾多難題之一。
2. 需要花時(shí)間去選擇職業(yè)。
3. 選擇職業(yè)時(shí)可以向多人尋求建議和幫助。
【寫作思路】
本文是一篇關(guān)于擇業(yè)的議論文。短文需要說(shuō)明慎重?fù)駱I(yè)相當(dāng)重要，并提出多種指導(dǎo)擇業(yè)的方法。
【參考范文】
Choosing an Occupation
One of the most important problems a young person faces is deciding what to do. There are some people, of course, who from the time are six years old “know” that they want to be doctors or pilots or fire fighters, but the majority of us do not get around to making a decision about an occupation or career until somebody or something forces us to face the problem.
Choosing an occupation takes time, and there are a lot of things you have to think about as you try to decide what you would like to do. You may find that you will have to take special courses to qualify for a particular kind of work, or you may find out that you will need to get actual work experience to gain enough knowledge to qualify for a particular job.
Fortunately, there are a lot of people you can turn to for advice and help in making your decision. At most schools, there are teachers who are professionally qualified to give you detailed information about job qualifications. And you can talk over your ideas with family members and friends who are always ready to listen and to offer suggestions.
聽(tīng)力
Section C
Directions:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in you own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
In the English (36) system, students take three very important examinations. The first is the eleven-plus, which is (37) at the age of eleven or a little past. At one time the (38) or (39) shown on the eleven-plus would have (40) if a child stayed in school. Now, however, all children continue in (41) schools, and the eleven-plus determines which courses of study the child will follow. At the age of fifteen or sixteen, the students are (42) for the Ordinary (43) of the General Certificate of Education. (44) . Once students have passed this exam, they are allowed to specialize, so that two-thirds or more of their courses will be in physics, chemistry, classical languages, or whatever they wish to study at greater length. (45) . Even at the universities, students study only in their concentrated area, and very few students ever venture out-side that subject again. (46) .
36.【答案】educational
【解析】本文講的是英國(guó)的教育系統(tǒng)，主要講了英國(guó)學(xué)生要參加的三次重要的考試。
37.【答案】taken
【解析】英國(guó)學(xué)生的首次升學(xué)考試是在十一歲左右進(jìn)行。學(xué)生參加考試，此處是被動(dòng)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)是考試，因此用taken。
38.【答案】ability
【解析】學(xué)生的能力和才智將在elevenplus的升學(xué)考試?yán)锏玫襟w現(xiàn)，從而決定其是否應(yīng)留在學(xué)校繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，此空格即是能力ability一詞。
39.【答案】aptitude
【解析】此空格內(nèi)容與前一空格內(nèi)容相關(guān)聯(lián),學(xué)生的能力和才智將在升學(xué)考試中得到體現(xiàn)，aptitude是才智、智能的意思.
40.【答案】determined
【解析】英國(guó)學(xué)生參加的首次考試elevenplus的結(jié)果將決定他們是否繼續(xù)留校學(xué)習(xí)， 因此此處空格填“決定”一詞，而且又為過(guò)去分詞，即為determined。
41.【答案】comprehensive
【解析】現(xiàn)在所有的學(xué)生都進(jìn)入綜合中學(xué)繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，comprehensive意為“廣泛的、綜合的”。
42.【答案】tested
【解析】學(xué)生接受測(cè)試，主語(yǔ)是學(xué)生，語(yǔ)態(tài)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因此用tested。
43.【答案】Level
【解析】一般水平即是ordinary level。level即為水平、水準(zhǔn)之意。
44.【答案】This examination covers a wide range of subjects.
45.【答案】The final examination, at eighteen, covers only the content of the special subjects.
46.【答案】In a real sense, the English boy or girl is a specialist from the age of fifteen.
閱讀理解
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.
The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.
The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.
Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.
57.According to the passage, which of the following is true?
[A]All international managers can learn culture.
[B]Business diversity is not necessary.
[C]Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.
[D]Most people do not know foreign culture well.
58.According to the author, the model of Pepsi .
[A]is in line with the theories that the business is business the world around
[B]is different from the model of McDonald’s
[C]shows the reverse of globalization
[D]has converged cultural differences
59.The two schools of thought .
[A]both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures
[B]both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries
[C]admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world
[D]both A and B
60.This article is supposed to be most useful for those .
[A]who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity
[B]who have connections to more than one type of culture
[C]who want to travel abroad
[D]who want to run business on International Scale
61.According to Fortune, successful international
companies .
[A]earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas
[B]all have the quality of patience
[C]will follow the overseas local cultures
[D]adopt the policy of internationalization
【全文翻譯】
文化是國(guó)際商業(yè)中具是挑戰(zhàn)性的因素之一。作為一種體系，文化具有既定社會(huì)成員習(xí)得性行為模式的特點(diǎn)，不斷受到一些動(dòng)態(tài)變量的塑造，如：語(yǔ)言、宗教信仰、價(jià)值觀、態(tài)度、行為方式和風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、美學(xué)、科技、教育和社會(huì)制度。為了應(yīng)對(duì)這一體系，一個(gè)國(guó)際經(jīng)理需要了解文化知識(shí)并對(duì)此作出詮釋。在某種程度上，文化知識(shí)可以通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)獲得，但對(duì)文化的詮釋只能通過(guò)實(shí)踐獲得。
應(yīng)對(duì)文化環(huán)境復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題源于這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：人生在文化中但卻不能學(xué)習(xí)文化。關(guān)于如何應(yīng)對(duì)文化的多樣性，商界中存在兩種觀點(diǎn)。一種認(rèn)為，商業(yè)是世界性的，遵循百事(Pepsi)和麥當(dāng)勞(McDonald)的模式。在某些情況下，全球化就是生活;但是，文化差異仍然難以趨同。
另外一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，企業(yè)必須調(diào)整其策略以適應(yīng)特別的文化。在各個(gè)國(guó)家建立政策和程序就如同器官移植，關(guān)鍵的問(wèn)題是以接受或排斥為中心。國(guó)際經(jīng)理面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)是要確認(rèn)排斥不是由文化近視或者盲目所引起的。
財(cái)富(Fortune)對(duì)十二個(gè)海外收入占其總收入20%或更多的大公司的國(guó)際業(yè)績(jī)進(jìn)行了研究。成功的國(guó)際公司都有一個(gè)重要的特征：耐心。它們不是冒失地闖入而是遵循基本的商業(yè)原則認(rèn)真地營(yíng)造自己的經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)。這些原則就是了解對(duì)手、了解觀眾以及了解顧客。
【答案解析】
57.【解析】[C]推斷題。意為“在商業(yè)中怎樣對(duì)待文化有著不同意見(jiàn)”。 文化在商業(yè)中是一個(gè)很具挑戰(zhàn)性的因素,不同的國(guó)家與地區(qū)可能會(huì)有不同的文化體系。在商業(yè)中，應(yīng)該怎樣對(duì)待不同的文化，商業(yè)界存在著不同的看法。
58.【解析】[A]細(xì)節(jié)題。Pepsi采納的是國(guó)際化的商業(yè)風(fēng)格，這與那些主張國(guó)際化的派別的意見(jiàn)是相一致的。
59.【解析】[C]推斷題。意為“承認(rèn)商業(yè)世界中文化的多元性”。兩個(gè)派別都承認(rèn)商業(yè)世界中文化的多元性。他們的不同在于，如何對(duì)待不同的文化，應(yīng)該搞國(guó)際化還是對(duì)不同的文化采取不同的策略。
60.【解析】[D]主旨題。由文中的例子可以知道，作者主要關(guān)心的并不是研究多種文化形態(tài)，而是文化背景對(duì)商業(yè)運(yùn)作的影響。所以D是正確答案。
61.【解析】[B]細(xì)節(jié)題。意為“都具有耐心這一素質(zhì)”。即他們并不急于對(duì)號(hào)入座而是依據(jù)基本的商業(yè)原則謹(jǐn)慎地建立自己的運(yùn)行模式。
. 精品推薦：
英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)歷年真題匯總 高清精品課程推薦
英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)備考資料匯總 英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)報(bào)考指南
完形填空
Part ⅤCloze (15 minutes)
Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D]on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Who won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? 67 an event takes place, newspapers are on the streets 68 the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reports are on the spot to 69 the news. Newspapers have one basic 70 , to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to 71 it. Radio, telegraph, television,and 72 inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication. 73 , this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the 74 and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are 75 and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out to many other fields. Besides keeping readers 76 of the latest news, today’s newspapers 77 and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers’ economic choices 78 advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very 79 .News-papers are sold at a price that 80 even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main 81 of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The 82 in selling advertising depends on a newspaper’s value to advertisers. This 83 in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends 84 on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment 85 in a newspaper’s pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper’s value to readers as a source of information 86 the community, city, country, state, nation, and world—and even outer space.
67.[A]Just when [B]While [C]Soon after [D]Before
68.[A]to give [B]giving [C]given [D]being given
69.[A]gather [B]spread [C]carry [D]bring
70.[A]reason [B]cause [C]problem [D]purpose
71.[A]make [B]publish [C]know [D]write
72.[A]another [B]other [C]one another [D]the other
73.[A]However [B]And [C]Therefore [D]So
74.[A]value [B]ratio [C]rate [D]speed
75.[A]spread [B]passed [C]printed [D]completed
76.[A]inform [B]be informed [C]to informed [D]informed
77.[A]entertain [B]encourage [C]educate [D]edit
78.[A]on [B]through [C]with [D]of
79.[A]forms [B]existence [C]contents [D]purpose
80.[A]tries to cover [B]manages to cover[C]fails to cover [D]succeeds in
81.[A]source [B]origin [C]course [D]finance
82.[A]way [B]means [C]chance [D]success
83.[A]measures [B]measured [C]is measured [D]was measured
84.[A]somewhat [B]little [C]much [D]something
85.[A]offering [B]offered [C]which offered [D]to be offered
86.[A]by [B]with [C]at [D]about
【全文翻譯】
誰(shuí)獲得了1994年世界杯足球賽的冠軍?聯(lián)合國(guó)發(fā)生了什么事情?批評(píng)家如何喜歡新劇?一個(gè)事件剛剛發(fā)生，街上就有報(bào)紙報(bào)道詳情了。世界上無(wú)論什么地方發(fā)生事情，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的消息報(bào)道就出現(xiàn)了。報(bào)紙有一個(gè)基本的目的，即盡快從消息來(lái)源地、消息制造者處獲得消息，并把它傳遞給想要知道消息的人。無(wú)線電、電報(bào)、電視及其他發(fā)明是報(bào)紙的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。雜志和其他通訊方式的發(fā)展也給報(bào)紙帶來(lái)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。然而，這種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)只是加速了報(bào)紙的發(fā)展。報(bào)紙很快地利用更新、更快的通訊手段來(lái)提高速度，進(jìn)而改善自身的運(yùn)作效率?，F(xiàn)在發(fā)行的報(bào)紙遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了以前任何時(shí)候。競(jìng)爭(zhēng)也使報(bào)紙向其他許多領(lǐng)域擴(kuò)展。除了不斷為讀者提供新的新聞外，現(xiàn)在的報(bào)紙還通過(guò)政治報(bào)道和其他的重要事件來(lái)教育和影響讀者，通過(guò)廣告來(lái)影響讀者的經(jīng)濟(jì)選擇。大部分報(bào)紙依靠廣告收入來(lái)維持生存，其售價(jià)較低，甚至不足以抵付其成本的一小部分。大部分報(bào)紙的收入來(lái)源于商業(yè)廣告，而廣告業(yè)務(wù)的成功取決于報(bào)紙?jiān)诳蛻?要登廣告的人)心中的價(jià)值。這種價(jià)值是以發(fā)行量來(lái)衡量的。有多少人閱讀該報(bào)紙呢?發(fā)行量的大小，很大程度上取決于發(fā)行部門的工作及報(bào)紙所提供的服務(wù)或娛樂(lè)。但是，很大程度上，報(bào)紙作為關(guān)于社區(qū)、城市、國(guó)家、州、民族、世界甚至外層空間的信息來(lái)源，它的發(fā)行量取決于其對(duì)讀者的價(jià)值。
【答案解析】
67.【解析】[A]just在此為副詞，意為“剛剛”，做狀語(yǔ)。此句意為“一個(gè)事件剛剛發(fā)生，街上就有報(bào)紙報(bào)道詳情了”，說(shuō)明報(bào)紙對(duì)新聞的反應(yīng)之快。
68.【解析】[A]to give和giving都合乎語(yǔ)法，但giving強(qiáng)調(diào)的是正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，而此處重點(diǎn)表達(dá)的是“反應(yīng)快”，不是正在做什么。
69.【解析】[A]消息、信息要靠收集。
70.【解析】[D]后面的不定式短語(yǔ)表示目的。
71.【解析】[C]提供信息的目的是為了讓他人知道，所以選C。
72.【解析】[B]other意為“其他的”。此句意為：無(wú)線電、電報(bào)、電視及其他發(fā)明，成為報(bào)紙的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。
73.【解析】[A]根據(jù)句中的merely及其后所述內(nèi)容，應(yīng)選however，表轉(zhuǎn)折。
74.【解析】[D]使用更新、更快的通信工具，目的是提高速度。
75.【解析】[C]報(bào)紙是印出來(lái)的，先印后看(讀)。
76.【解析】[D]“keep sb. 過(guò)去分詞”是一種復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，sb.與過(guò)去分詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，意為保持這種關(guān)系的繼續(xù)。此句的意思是：報(bào)紙不斷地為讀者提供新聞信息。
77.【解析】[C]關(guān)于politics之類的嚴(yán)肅話題,只能選educate。
78.【解析】[B]此句意為：報(bào)紙通過(guò)廣告影響讀者在經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中的選擇。
79.【解析】[B]大多數(shù)報(bào)紙依靠廣告收入來(lái)維持生存，此現(xiàn)象人人皆知。
80.【解析】[C]報(bào)紙的售價(jià)之低，不足以抵付成本的一小部分。符合上下文關(guān)于廣告收入的說(shuō)法。
81.【解析】[A]收入來(lái)源應(yīng)該用source。因?yàn)閟ource指河流、泉水的發(fā)源地;常指抽象事物的根源或來(lái)源以及資料、信息的出處或來(lái)源。origin起源，起因。指事物后來(lái)發(fā)生、發(fā)展變化的初起點(diǎn),或指人的出身和血統(tǒng)。
82.【解析】[D]succeed in為固定短語(yǔ)。此句意為：廣告業(yè)務(wù)的成功，取決于報(bào)紙?jiān)诳蛻?要打廣告的人)心中的價(jià)值。
83.【解析】[C]根據(jù)上下文，此處應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，此句意為：報(bào)紙?jiān)诳蛻粜闹械膬r(jià)值，是靠發(fā)行量衡量的。
84.【解析】[C]該句意為：發(fā)行量的大小，很大程度上取決于發(fā)行部門的工作及報(bào)紙所提供的服務(wù)功能和娛樂(lè)功能。
85.【解析】[B]offered作services和entertainment的定語(yǔ)。
86.【解析】[D]information后面接介詞about，表示“關(guān)于”。
翻譯
Part ⅥTranslation(5 minutes)
Direction:Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into , English the Chinese given in brackets.
87.There’s a man at the reception desk who see, ms very angry and I think he means (想找麻煩).
88.Why didn’t you tell me you could lend me the money? I (本來(lái)不必從銀行借錢的).
89. (正是由于她太沒(méi)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)) that she does not know how to deal with the situation.
90.I (將做實(shí)驗(yàn)) from three to five this afternoon.
91.If this can’t be settled reasonably, it may be necessary to (訴諸武力).
答案
87.【答案】to make trouble
【解析】找麻煩，用固定詞組make trouble即可，make trouble 即“制造麻煩，搗亂”之意。
88.【答案】needn’t have borrowed it from the bank
【解析】本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法，needn’t have done的結(jié)構(gòu)是“本不必這樣做而做了”的意思。
89.【答案】It is because she is so inexperienced
【解析】沒(méi)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)可以用一個(gè)形容詞來(lái)翻譯，即inexperienced。
90.【答案】will be doing/conducting the experiment
【解析】本題考查將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的用法，做實(shí)驗(yàn)既可用do experiment也可用conduct experiment。
91.【答案】resort to force
【解析】本題亦考查固定詞組用法，“訴諸武力”有固定詞組resort to force。