英語中的數(shù)詞包括基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩大類,它們的用法非常復(fù)雜,為了便于同學(xué)們系統(tǒng)地復(fù)習(xí)數(shù)詞,現(xiàn)就初中階段數(shù)詞的主要內(nèi)容作以下歸納。
基本構(gòu)成
(一)基數(shù)詞——從1數(shù)到N
1.1—12的基數(shù)詞是獨(dú)立的單詞,即:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve.
2.13—19的基數(shù)詞以-teen結(jié)尾。如:fourteen,seventeen等,但13,15,18較特殊,13—thirteen 15—fifteen 18—eighteen.
3.20—90的整十位均以-ty結(jié)尾。如:sixty,ninety,但20,30,40,50,80較特殊,20—twenty,30—thirty,40—forty ,50—fifty ,80—eighty.
4.十位數(shù)與個位數(shù)之間要加連字符號“-”,如:28—twenty-eight,96—ninety-six.
5.百位和十位(若無十位則和個位)之間加and,如:148—one hundred and forty-eight ,406—four hundred and six.
6.hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百萬),billion(十億)等前面即使有具體的數(shù)詞,也不能在它們的后面加s.如:600—six hundred,8百萬—eight million.
7.1000以上的數(shù)字,從后往前數(shù)每三位加一個逗號“,”第一個逗號前為千(thousand),第二個逗號前為百萬(million),第三個逗號前為billion(十億)。英語中無“萬”這個詞,我們可以用“幾十個千(thousand)”表示幾萬,“幾百個千(thousand)”表示“幾十萬”。如:2,510=two thousand five hundred and ten;84,296=eighty-four thousand two hundred and ninety-six;274,350=two hundred and seventy-four thousand three hundred and fifty.
8.hundred,thousand,million用復(fù)數(shù)形式修飾名詞時要用“of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”,如:數(shù)以百計的年輕人hundreds of young people;數(shù)以千計的書thousands of books.注意:hundreds of /thousands of/millions of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞,其前面不能加具體的數(shù)詞,但可加several或 many.
Hundreds of new buildings have sprung up here this year.
Thousands upon thousands of people in South Africa are rising against their oppressors.
Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the city every day.
Millions of dollars have gone into the building of this factory.
(二)序數(shù)詞——由基數(shù)詞轉(zhuǎn)變而來,表示“這是第N個”
1.口訣巧記基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞:“一、二、三,特殊記,八去‘t’,九去‘e’,‘ve’要用‘f’替,見‘y’變成‘i’和‘e’,詞尾加上‘th’,若是遇到幾十幾,只變個位就可以?!钡谝?、第二、第三分別:first,second,third,eight—eighth nine—ninth,five—fifth,twelve—twelfth,twenty—twentieth,forty—fortieth,twenty-five—twenty-fifth.
2其余情況均在基數(shù)詞后加th.如:six—sixth,nineteen—nineteenth ,hundred— hundredth,thousand—thousandth等。
3.序數(shù)詞有時用縮寫形式:
first——1st,twenty—second——22th.
基本構(gòu)成
(一)基數(shù)詞——從1數(shù)到N
1.1—12的基數(shù)詞是獨(dú)立的單詞,即:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve.
2.13—19的基數(shù)詞以-teen結(jié)尾。如:fourteen,seventeen等,但13,15,18較特殊,13—thirteen 15—fifteen 18—eighteen.
3.20—90的整十位均以-ty結(jié)尾。如:sixty,ninety,但20,30,40,50,80較特殊,20—twenty,30—thirty,40—forty ,50—fifty ,80—eighty.
4.十位數(shù)與個位數(shù)之間要加連字符號“-”,如:28—twenty-eight,96—ninety-six.
5.百位和十位(若無十位則和個位)之間加and,如:148—one hundred and forty-eight ,406—four hundred and six.
6.hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百萬),billion(十億)等前面即使有具體的數(shù)詞,也不能在它們的后面加s.如:600—six hundred,8百萬—eight million.
7.1000以上的數(shù)字,從后往前數(shù)每三位加一個逗號“,”第一個逗號前為千(thousand),第二個逗號前為百萬(million),第三個逗號前為billion(十億)。英語中無“萬”這個詞,我們可以用“幾十個千(thousand)”表示幾萬,“幾百個千(thousand)”表示“幾十萬”。如:2,510=two thousand five hundred and ten;84,296=eighty-four thousand two hundred and ninety-six;274,350=two hundred and seventy-four thousand three hundred and fifty.
8.hundred,thousand,million用復(fù)數(shù)形式修飾名詞時要用“of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”,如:數(shù)以百計的年輕人hundreds of young people;數(shù)以千計的書thousands of books.注意:hundreds of /thousands of/millions of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞,其前面不能加具體的數(shù)詞,但可加several或 many.
Hundreds of new buildings have sprung up here this year.
Thousands upon thousands of people in South Africa are rising against their oppressors.
Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the city every day.
Millions of dollars have gone into the building of this factory.
(二)序數(shù)詞——由基數(shù)詞轉(zhuǎn)變而來,表示“這是第N個”
1.口訣巧記基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞:“一、二、三,特殊記,八去‘t’,九去‘e’,‘ve’要用‘f’替,見‘y’變成‘i’和‘e’,詞尾加上‘th’,若是遇到幾十幾,只變個位就可以?!钡谝?、第二、第三分別:first,second,third,eight—eighth nine—ninth,five—fifth,twelve—twelfth,twenty—twentieth,forty—fortieth,twenty-five—twenty-fifth.
2其余情況均在基數(shù)詞后加th.如:six—sixth,nineteen—nineteenth ,hundred— hundredth,thousand—thousandth等。
3.序數(shù)詞有時用縮寫形式:
first——1st,twenty—second——22th.

