【導(dǎo)讀】說(shuō)起英國(guó)作家巴里·海因斯，中國(guó)的讀者或許會(huì)感到陌生，然而在英國(guó)，他卻是一位家喻戶(hù)曉的當(dāng)代作家。巴里·海因斯1939年出生于英國(guó)北部礦區(qū)的一個(gè)小村子，中學(xué)畢業(yè)后曾在煤礦以學(xué)徒勘測(cè)員的身份工作了幾年。后來(lái)，他在拉夫堡大學(xué)取得教師資格證，并成為一名體育教師。教學(xué)期間，他經(jīng)常利用課余時(shí)間在學(xué)校圖書(shū)館從事創(chuàng)作，逐漸成為一名全職作家。由于自己年少時(shí)的礦工經(jīng)歷，巴里·海因斯以工人階級(jí)為主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)作對(duì)象，描述他們“艱辛而充滿(mǎn)危險(xiǎn)”的生活。他曾說(shuō)：“由于我本人的礦工背景，我深刻地感受到了社會(huì)不公，他們（工人階級(jí)）艱辛而危險(xiǎn)的生活讓我明確了態(tài)度，并使我成為一名社會(huì)主義者?！?BR> 《男孩與鷹》是其代表作。小說(shuō)描述了少年比利的一天，并以插敘和倒敘的手法介紹了比利的生活。比利是一個(gè)生活在英國(guó)北部礦區(qū)的窮孩子，在學(xué)校里經(jīng)常被老師打罵，被同學(xué)嘲笑。他在家里也得不到溫暖，野蠻的哥哥賈德欺負(fù)他，軟弱的媽媽不管他，疼愛(ài)他的爸爸也因?yàn)榘l(fā)現(xiàn)妻子與鄰居米克大叔幽會(huì)而憤然出走了。他的人生好像沒(méi)有任何希望，的歸宿就是到煤礦挖煤。凱絲這只鷹的出現(xiàn)給他的人生帶來(lái)了大的樂(lè)趣。他讀寫(xiě)都不是太好，作文滿(mǎn)是別字，文法也不通，但卻為凱絲去偷了一本馴鷹的書(shū)，不厭其煩地閱讀，認(rèn)真按照書(shū)中的方法訓(xùn)練。在法新老師——形象正面、對(duì)比利不錯(cuò)的老師——的課堂上講述馴鷹的故事是他神氣的時(shí)候，與法新老師一起馴鷹是他開(kāi)心的時(shí)候。然而，由于比利將哥哥賈德給他賭馬的錢(qián)買(mǎi)了零食，哥哥遷怒于凱絲，并殺了它。瘦小的比利與哥哥打了一架后，來(lái)到廢棄的電*，幻想著在父親的懷抱里得到了呵護(hù)和溫暖。
小說(shuō)出版后，引起了巨大反響，成為風(fēng)靡英倫的暢銷(xiāo)小說(shuō)，并進(jìn)入寫(xiě)作、文學(xué)、教育學(xué)教材。1969年，作者將小說(shuō)改編為電影劇本，影片名為Kes，由大師肯·洛奇（Ken Loach）執(zhí)導(dǎo)，榮獲捷克卡羅維發(fā)利國(guó)際電影節(jié)高獎(jiǎng)“水晶地球儀獎(jiǎng)”和英國(guó)作家聯(lián)合會(huì)“佳劇本獎(jiǎng)”，還在英國(guó)電影協(xié)會(huì)推薦的20世紀(jì)百部佳影片中排名第七、14歲之前必看的50部佳片中位列第三。
The sun was up and the cloud band in the East had thinned to a line on the horizon, leaving the dome of the sky clear. The air was still and clean, and the trilling of larks carried far over the fields of hay, which stretched away on both sides of the path. Great rashes of buttercups spread across the fields, and amongst the mingling shades of yellow and green, dog daisies showed their white faces, contrasting with the rust of sorrel. All underscored by clovers, white and pink and purple, which came into their own on the path sides where the grass was shorter, along with daisies and the ubiquitous plantains.
太陽(yáng)高高地掛在空忠，東方的云帶在天際擠成細(xì)細(xì)的一條線(xiàn)，晴空萬(wàn)里。田野里沒(méi)有一絲風(fēng)，空氣也十分清新。小徑兩側(cè)的田地里堆滿(mǎn)了干草，云雀鳴囀著從上面飛過(guò)。一望無(wú)盡的毛茛正在盛開(kāi)，黃花與綠葉相映成趣，白色的雛菊與褐色的酸?；▕A雜其中爭(zhēng)芳奪艷；點(diǎn)睛之筆當(dāng)然還屬苜蓿花：白的、粉的、紫的, 一簇簇地從路邊的淺草叢中抬起頭來(lái)，與雛菊和隨處可見(jiàn)的車(chē)前草一起，為這幅美麗的圖畫(huà)增添了不少的光彩。
[2] A cushion of mist lay over the fields. Dew drenched the grass, and the occasional sparkling of individual drops made Billy glance down as he passed. One tuft was a silver fire. He knelt down to trace the source of light. The drop had almost forced the blade of grass to the earth, and it lay in the curve of the blade like the tiny egg of a mythical bird. Billy moved his head from side to side to make it sparkle, and when it caught the sun it exploded, throwing out silver needles and crystal splinters. He lowered his head and slowly, very carefully, touched it with the tip of his tongue. The drop quivered like mercury, but held. He bent, and touched it again. It disintegrated and streamed down the channel of the blade to the earth. Slowly the blade began to straighten, climbing steadily like the finger of a clock2.
〔2〕田野上方籠罩著一層霧氣。露水打濕了草叢，草葉上掛著的露珠閃爍著晶瑩的光芒，比利一路走過(guò)也不由得多看了幾眼。突然，一道銀光閃過(guò)，好像跳躍的火焰。比利跪下身去，想找找這光是從哪兒來(lái)的。他瞧見(jiàn)一滴露珠端坐在葉面上，好像神秘的鳥(niǎo)兒下的袖珍鳥(niǎo)蛋，把葉子壓得要垂到地面上。比利左右晃動(dòng)著腦袋，要想再看看那束光芒。就在露珠迎著陽(yáng)光的一剎那，它的光芒迸發(fā)了出來(lái)，好像無(wú)數(shù)的銀針，又像破碎的水晶。比利低下頭，小心翼翼地用舌尖碰了碰露珠。露珠像水銀一樣顫動(dòng)著，然而并沒(méi)有散開(kāi)。比利俯身又碰了一下。這次露珠碎裂開(kāi)來(lái)，順著葉子滑向了地面。葉子緩緩直起身來(lái)，像指針一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地攀升著。
[3] Billy stood up and walked on. He climbed over a stile and followed the path through a herd of cows. The ones grazing lifted their heads slowly, chewing their cud. The ones lying in the grass remained motionless, as solid as toy cows set out on a toy farm. A covey of partridges got up under his feet, making him jump and cry out. They whirred away over the field, their blunt forms3 travelling as direct as a barrage of shells. Billy snatched a stone up and threw it after them, but they were already out of sight over the hedges4. The stone flushed a blackbird, and it chattered away along the hedge bottom, disappearing back into the foliage further along.
〔3〕比利站起身，繼續(xù)往前走。他翻過(guò)一道柵欄，沿途看到了一群奶牛。低頭吃草的牛緩緩地抬起頭，還不停地反芻著；趴在草地上的牛則動(dòng)也不動(dòng)，像是擺放在模型農(nóng)場(chǎng)里的玩具。一群鷓鴣突然從比利的腳下飛起，嚇得他大叫一聲，跳了起來(lái)。鷓鴣猶如密集離膛的炮彈，四散飛射。比利撿起一塊石頭，向它們?nèi)尤?，不過(guò)它們?cè)缫扬w過(guò)樹(shù)籬，消失在了視線(xiàn)之外。石頭倒是驚起了一只畫(huà)眉鳥(niǎo)，它沿著樹(shù)籬腳下呱呱地叫個(gè)不停，漸漸隱沒(méi)在遠(yuǎn)處樹(shù)葉的屏障里。
[4] He reached the stile which led into the woods, climbed on to it and looked back. Fields and fences and hedgerows. The sun was in the sky, and the only sound was the continuous relay of bird song.
〔4〕比利來(lái)到林子外面的柵欄那里，爬了上去，又回頭看了看：田野，籬笆，灌木樹(shù)籬。太陽(yáng)高掛在空中，耳邊只有鳥(niǎo)兒此起彼伏的吟唱。
[5] As soon as he entered the wood, Billy left the path and mounted a bank into the undergrowth. He pushed the branches back, away from his eyes, keeping hold until the last moment, then releasing them to thrash back into the foliage behind. He cut a branch off an elm sapling, trimmed it to walking stick length, then used it to fence his way through, slashing and fracturing any limbs in his path.
〔5〕比利一進(jìn)入林子就離開(kāi)小徑，爬過(guò)護(hù)坡，走進(jìn)了灌木叢。他撥開(kāi)樹(shù)枝，走過(guò)去再松手，任它們彈回去打在后面的枝葉上。他從一株小榆樹(shù)上砍下一根樹(shù)枝，修剪成手杖大小，當(dāng)成開(kāi)路利器，揮舞著把一切攔路的樹(shù)枝打斷。
[6] The undergrowth thinned out, giving way to grassy clearings between the trees. Overhead their branches webbed into a green canopy, and in places shafts of sunlight angled through, dappling the grey-green trunks, and bringing up the color of the grass and the foliage. Light and shade, a continuous play of light and shade with every rustle of the leaves. Here the bird songs were less frequent, yet more distinct. Hidden somewhere amongst the branches a chaffinch gave out its long undulating notes, concluding each sequence with a flourish. A wood pigeon managed a few series of throaty cooings, ending each series with an abrupt ‘cu’, as though its chest was too sore to carry on. The silence between these calls emphasized the noise of Billy’s progress, and birds retreated prematurely before the swishing and snapping: a robin, tic-tic-tic, a pair of wrens, their loud churrs out of all proportion to their mouse-like size, and a jay, its white rump flashing across the bars of the trees.
〔6〕樹(shù)叢越來(lái)越稀疏，露出大片大片的草地。樹(shù)枝在頭上方交織成一頂綠色的蓬蓋，陽(yáng)光斜斜地從枝葉間的縫隙里投射下來(lái)，斑駁地照在灰綠色的樹(shù)干上，青草和樹(shù)葉也顯得明媚起來(lái)，光和影隨著樹(shù)葉的每次顫動(dòng)追逐嬉戲。這兒的鳥(niǎo)鳴沒(méi)有那么頻繁，不過(guò)卻更加清晰。不知藏在哪叢枝椏中的一只蒼頭燕雀，抑揚(yáng)頓挫地唱著悠長(zhǎng)的曲調(diào)，每一段必以嘹亮的音符作結(jié)。一只斑鳩啞著嗓子，費(fèi)勁地“咕咕”著，每一串的結(jié)尾都是一聲短促的“咕”，好像頂不上去了似的。鳥(niǎo)鳴的間隙林子里一片靜寂，比利行進(jìn)的聲音便顯得愈發(fā)響亮。他把手杖揮得“嗖嗖”響，打在樹(shù)枝上發(fā)出“啪啪”的聲音，因而不等他到，鳥(niǎo)兒早已四下躲藏起來(lái)：一只知更鳥(niǎo)，嘀嘀嘀地叫著；一對(duì)鷦鷯，它們的大嗓門(mén)和老鼠般大小的身形簡(jiǎn)直不成比例；還有一只松雞，拖著白色的尾巴在樹(shù)梢上一閃而過(guò)。
（本文選自《男孩與鷹》，湖南文藝出版社出版，2011年1月）
--------------------------------------------------------------
1.仲文明，山東濟(jì)寧人，中南大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院MTI教育中心副主任。主要學(xué)術(shù)興趣為文學(xué)翻譯與典籍英譯，主持省級(jí)科研項(xiàng)目一項(xiàng)，參與省部級(jí)科研項(xiàng)目三項(xiàng)。曾獲第十七屆“韓素音青年翻譯獎(jiǎng)”英譯漢優(yōu)秀獎(jiǎng)，第二屆全國(guó)“芙蓉杯青年翻譯獎(jiǎng)”英譯漢一等獎(jiǎng)。目前出版譯著三部（含合譯）。
2.鐘表的指針。
3.原意指“（與流線(xiàn)型相對(duì)的）鈍線(xiàn)型”，此處用來(lái)形容鷓鴣飛起時(shí)的樣子。
4.樹(shù)籬：在田地周?chē)芗N植的一圈灌木，以作籬笆之用。
小說(shuō)出版后，引起了巨大反響，成為風(fēng)靡英倫的暢銷(xiāo)小說(shuō)，并進(jìn)入寫(xiě)作、文學(xué)、教育學(xué)教材。1969年，作者將小說(shuō)改編為電影劇本，影片名為Kes，由大師肯·洛奇（Ken Loach）執(zhí)導(dǎo)，榮獲捷克卡羅維發(fā)利國(guó)際電影節(jié)高獎(jiǎng)“水晶地球儀獎(jiǎng)”和英國(guó)作家聯(lián)合會(huì)“佳劇本獎(jiǎng)”，還在英國(guó)電影協(xié)會(huì)推薦的20世紀(jì)百部佳影片中排名第七、14歲之前必看的50部佳片中位列第三。
The sun was up and the cloud band in the East had thinned to a line on the horizon, leaving the dome of the sky clear. The air was still and clean, and the trilling of larks carried far over the fields of hay, which stretched away on both sides of the path. Great rashes of buttercups spread across the fields, and amongst the mingling shades of yellow and green, dog daisies showed their white faces, contrasting with the rust of sorrel. All underscored by clovers, white and pink and purple, which came into their own on the path sides where the grass was shorter, along with daisies and the ubiquitous plantains.
太陽(yáng)高高地掛在空忠，東方的云帶在天際擠成細(xì)細(xì)的一條線(xiàn)，晴空萬(wàn)里。田野里沒(méi)有一絲風(fēng)，空氣也十分清新。小徑兩側(cè)的田地里堆滿(mǎn)了干草，云雀鳴囀著從上面飛過(guò)。一望無(wú)盡的毛茛正在盛開(kāi)，黃花與綠葉相映成趣，白色的雛菊與褐色的酸?；▕A雜其中爭(zhēng)芳奪艷；點(diǎn)睛之筆當(dāng)然還屬苜蓿花：白的、粉的、紫的, 一簇簇地從路邊的淺草叢中抬起頭來(lái)，與雛菊和隨處可見(jiàn)的車(chē)前草一起，為這幅美麗的圖畫(huà)增添了不少的光彩。
[2] A cushion of mist lay over the fields. Dew drenched the grass, and the occasional sparkling of individual drops made Billy glance down as he passed. One tuft was a silver fire. He knelt down to trace the source of light. The drop had almost forced the blade of grass to the earth, and it lay in the curve of the blade like the tiny egg of a mythical bird. Billy moved his head from side to side to make it sparkle, and when it caught the sun it exploded, throwing out silver needles and crystal splinters. He lowered his head and slowly, very carefully, touched it with the tip of his tongue. The drop quivered like mercury, but held. He bent, and touched it again. It disintegrated and streamed down the channel of the blade to the earth. Slowly the blade began to straighten, climbing steadily like the finger of a clock2.
〔2〕田野上方籠罩著一層霧氣。露水打濕了草叢，草葉上掛著的露珠閃爍著晶瑩的光芒，比利一路走過(guò)也不由得多看了幾眼。突然，一道銀光閃過(guò)，好像跳躍的火焰。比利跪下身去，想找找這光是從哪兒來(lái)的。他瞧見(jiàn)一滴露珠端坐在葉面上，好像神秘的鳥(niǎo)兒下的袖珍鳥(niǎo)蛋，把葉子壓得要垂到地面上。比利左右晃動(dòng)著腦袋，要想再看看那束光芒。就在露珠迎著陽(yáng)光的一剎那，它的光芒迸發(fā)了出來(lái)，好像無(wú)數(shù)的銀針，又像破碎的水晶。比利低下頭，小心翼翼地用舌尖碰了碰露珠。露珠像水銀一樣顫動(dòng)著，然而并沒(méi)有散開(kāi)。比利俯身又碰了一下。這次露珠碎裂開(kāi)來(lái)，順著葉子滑向了地面。葉子緩緩直起身來(lái)，像指針一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地攀升著。
[3] Billy stood up and walked on. He climbed over a stile and followed the path through a herd of cows. The ones grazing lifted their heads slowly, chewing their cud. The ones lying in the grass remained motionless, as solid as toy cows set out on a toy farm. A covey of partridges got up under his feet, making him jump and cry out. They whirred away over the field, their blunt forms3 travelling as direct as a barrage of shells. Billy snatched a stone up and threw it after them, but they were already out of sight over the hedges4. The stone flushed a blackbird, and it chattered away along the hedge bottom, disappearing back into the foliage further along.
〔3〕比利站起身，繼續(xù)往前走。他翻過(guò)一道柵欄，沿途看到了一群奶牛。低頭吃草的牛緩緩地抬起頭，還不停地反芻著；趴在草地上的牛則動(dòng)也不動(dòng)，像是擺放在模型農(nóng)場(chǎng)里的玩具。一群鷓鴣突然從比利的腳下飛起，嚇得他大叫一聲，跳了起來(lái)。鷓鴣猶如密集離膛的炮彈，四散飛射。比利撿起一塊石頭，向它們?nèi)尤?，不過(guò)它們?cè)缫扬w過(guò)樹(shù)籬，消失在了視線(xiàn)之外。石頭倒是驚起了一只畫(huà)眉鳥(niǎo)，它沿著樹(shù)籬腳下呱呱地叫個(gè)不停，漸漸隱沒(méi)在遠(yuǎn)處樹(shù)葉的屏障里。
[4] He reached the stile which led into the woods, climbed on to it and looked back. Fields and fences and hedgerows. The sun was in the sky, and the only sound was the continuous relay of bird song.
〔4〕比利來(lái)到林子外面的柵欄那里，爬了上去，又回頭看了看：田野，籬笆，灌木樹(shù)籬。太陽(yáng)高掛在空中，耳邊只有鳥(niǎo)兒此起彼伏的吟唱。
[5] As soon as he entered the wood, Billy left the path and mounted a bank into the undergrowth. He pushed the branches back, away from his eyes, keeping hold until the last moment, then releasing them to thrash back into the foliage behind. He cut a branch off an elm sapling, trimmed it to walking stick length, then used it to fence his way through, slashing and fracturing any limbs in his path.
〔5〕比利一進(jìn)入林子就離開(kāi)小徑，爬過(guò)護(hù)坡，走進(jìn)了灌木叢。他撥開(kāi)樹(shù)枝，走過(guò)去再松手，任它們彈回去打在后面的枝葉上。他從一株小榆樹(shù)上砍下一根樹(shù)枝，修剪成手杖大小，當(dāng)成開(kāi)路利器，揮舞著把一切攔路的樹(shù)枝打斷。
[6] The undergrowth thinned out, giving way to grassy clearings between the trees. Overhead their branches webbed into a green canopy, and in places shafts of sunlight angled through, dappling the grey-green trunks, and bringing up the color of the grass and the foliage. Light and shade, a continuous play of light and shade with every rustle of the leaves. Here the bird songs were less frequent, yet more distinct. Hidden somewhere amongst the branches a chaffinch gave out its long undulating notes, concluding each sequence with a flourish. A wood pigeon managed a few series of throaty cooings, ending each series with an abrupt ‘cu’, as though its chest was too sore to carry on. The silence between these calls emphasized the noise of Billy’s progress, and birds retreated prematurely before the swishing and snapping: a robin, tic-tic-tic, a pair of wrens, their loud churrs out of all proportion to their mouse-like size, and a jay, its white rump flashing across the bars of the trees.
〔6〕樹(shù)叢越來(lái)越稀疏，露出大片大片的草地。樹(shù)枝在頭上方交織成一頂綠色的蓬蓋，陽(yáng)光斜斜地從枝葉間的縫隙里投射下來(lái)，斑駁地照在灰綠色的樹(shù)干上，青草和樹(shù)葉也顯得明媚起來(lái)，光和影隨著樹(shù)葉的每次顫動(dòng)追逐嬉戲。這兒的鳥(niǎo)鳴沒(méi)有那么頻繁，不過(guò)卻更加清晰。不知藏在哪叢枝椏中的一只蒼頭燕雀，抑揚(yáng)頓挫地唱著悠長(zhǎng)的曲調(diào)，每一段必以嘹亮的音符作結(jié)。一只斑鳩啞著嗓子，費(fèi)勁地“咕咕”著，每一串的結(jié)尾都是一聲短促的“咕”，好像頂不上去了似的。鳥(niǎo)鳴的間隙林子里一片靜寂，比利行進(jìn)的聲音便顯得愈發(fā)響亮。他把手杖揮得“嗖嗖”響，打在樹(shù)枝上發(fā)出“啪啪”的聲音，因而不等他到，鳥(niǎo)兒早已四下躲藏起來(lái)：一只知更鳥(niǎo)，嘀嘀嘀地叫著；一對(duì)鷦鷯，它們的大嗓門(mén)和老鼠般大小的身形簡(jiǎn)直不成比例；還有一只松雞，拖著白色的尾巴在樹(shù)梢上一閃而過(guò)。
（本文選自《男孩與鷹》，湖南文藝出版社出版，2011年1月）
--------------------------------------------------------------
1.仲文明，山東濟(jì)寧人，中南大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院MTI教育中心副主任。主要學(xué)術(shù)興趣為文學(xué)翻譯與典籍英譯，主持省級(jí)科研項(xiàng)目一項(xiàng)，參與省部級(jí)科研項(xiàng)目三項(xiàng)。曾獲第十七屆“韓素音青年翻譯獎(jiǎng)”英譯漢優(yōu)秀獎(jiǎng)，第二屆全國(guó)“芙蓉杯青年翻譯獎(jiǎng)”英譯漢一等獎(jiǎng)。目前出版譯著三部（含合譯）。
2.鐘表的指針。
3.原意指“（與流線(xiàn)型相對(duì)的）鈍線(xiàn)型”，此處用來(lái)形容鷓鴣飛起時(shí)的樣子。
4.樹(shù)籬：在田地周?chē)芗N植的一圈灌木，以作籬笆之用。