【導讀】說起英國作家巴里·海因斯，中國的讀者或許會感到陌生，然而在英國，他卻是一位家喻戶曉的當代作家。巴里·海因斯1939年出生于英國北部礦區(qū)的一個小村子，中學畢業(yè)后曾在煤礦以學徒勘測員的身份工作了幾年。后來，他在拉夫堡大學取得教師資格證，并成為一名體育教師。教學期間，他經(jīng)常利用課余時間在學校圖書館從事創(chuàng)作，逐漸成為一名全職作家。由于自己年少時的礦工經(jīng)歷，巴里·海因斯以工人階級為主要創(chuàng)作對象，描述他們“艱辛而充滿危險”的生活。他曾說：“由于我本人的礦工背景，我深刻地感受到了社會不公，他們（工人階級）艱辛而危險的生活讓我明確了態(tài)度，并使我成為一名社會主義者。”
《男孩與鷹》是其代表作。小說描述了少年比利的一天，并以插敘和倒敘的手法介紹了比利的生活。比利是一個生活在英國北部礦區(qū)的窮孩子，在學校里經(jīng)常被老師打罵，被同學嘲笑。他在家里也得不到溫暖，野蠻的哥哥賈德欺負他，軟弱的媽媽不管他，疼愛他的爸爸也因為發(fā)現(xiàn)妻子與鄰居米克大叔幽會而憤然出走了。他的人生好像沒有任何希望，的歸宿就是到煤礦挖煤。凱絲這只鷹的出現(xiàn)給他的人生帶來了大的樂趣。他讀寫都不是太好，作文滿是別字，文法也不通，但卻為凱絲去偷了一本馴鷹的書，不厭其煩地閱讀，認真按照書中的方法訓練。在法新老師——形象正面、對比利不錯的老師——的課堂上講述馴鷹的故事是他神氣的時候，與法新老師一起馴鷹是他開心的時候。然而，由于比利將哥哥賈德給他賭馬的錢買了零食，哥哥遷怒于凱絲，并殺了它。瘦小的比利與哥哥打了一架后，來到廢棄的電*，幻想著在父親的懷抱里得到了呵護和溫暖。
小說出版后，引起了巨大反響，成為風靡英倫的暢銷小說，并進入寫作、文學、教育學教材。1969年，作者將小說改編為電影劇本，影片名為Kes，由大師肯·洛奇（Ken Loach）執(zhí)導，榮獲捷克卡羅維發(fā)利國際電影節(jié)高獎“水晶地球儀獎”和英國作家聯(lián)合會“佳劇本獎”，還在英國電影協(xié)會推薦的20世紀百部佳影片中排名第七、14歲之前必看的50部佳片中位列第三。
The sun was up and the cloud band in the East had thinned to a line on the horizon, leaving the dome of the sky clear. The air was still and clean, and the trilling of larks carried far over the fields of hay, which stretched away on both sides of the path. Great rashes of buttercups spread across the fields, and amongst the mingling shades of yellow and green, dog daisies showed their white faces, contrasting with the rust of sorrel. All underscored by clovers, white and pink and purple, which came into their own on the path sides where the grass was shorter, along with daisies and the ubiquitous plantains.
太陽高高地掛在空忠，東方的云帶在天際擠成細細的一條線，晴空萬里。田野里沒有一絲風，空氣也十分清新。小徑兩側(cè)的田地里堆滿了干草，云雀鳴囀著從上面飛過。一望無盡的毛茛正在盛開，黃花與綠葉相映成趣，白色的雛菊與褐色的酸?；▕A雜其中爭芳奪艷；點睛之筆當然還屬苜?；ǎ喊椎?、粉的、紫的, 一簇簇地從路邊的淺草叢中抬起頭來，與雛菊和隨處可見的車前草一起，為這幅美麗的圖畫增添了不少的光彩。
[2] A cushion of mist lay over the fields. Dew drenched the grass, and the occasional sparkling of individual drops made Billy glance down as he passed. One tuft was a silver fire. He knelt down to trace the source of light. The drop had almost forced the blade of grass to the earth, and it lay in the curve of the blade like the tiny egg of a mythical bird. Billy moved his head from side to side to make it sparkle, and when it caught the sun it exploded, throwing out silver needles and crystal splinters. He lowered his head and slowly, very carefully, touched it with the tip of his tongue. The drop quivered like mercury, but held. He bent, and touched it again. It disintegrated and streamed down the channel of the blade to the earth. Slowly the blade began to straighten, climbing steadily like the finger of a clock2.
〔2〕田野上方籠罩著一層霧氣。露水打濕了草叢，草葉上掛著的露珠閃爍著晶瑩的光芒，比利一路走過也不由得多看了幾眼。突然，一道銀光閃過，好像跳躍的火焰。比利跪下身去，想找找這光是從哪兒來的。他瞧見一滴露珠端坐在葉面上，好像神秘的鳥兒下的袖珍鳥蛋，把葉子壓得要垂到地面上。比利左右晃動著腦袋，要想再看看那束光芒。就在露珠迎著陽光的一剎那，它的光芒迸發(fā)了出來，好像無數(shù)的銀針，又像破碎的水晶。比利低下頭，小心翼翼地用舌尖碰了碰露珠。露珠像水銀一樣顫動著，然而并沒有散開。比利俯身又碰了一下。這次露珠碎裂開來，順著葉子滑向了地面。葉子緩緩直起身來，像指針一點一點地攀升著。
[3] Billy stood up and walked on. He climbed over a stile and followed the path through a herd of cows. The ones grazing lifted their heads slowly, chewing their cud. The ones lying in the grass remained motionless, as solid as toy cows set out on a toy farm. A covey of partridges got up under his feet, making him jump and cry out. They whirred away over the field, their blunt forms3 travelling as direct as a barrage of shells. Billy snatched a stone up and threw it after them, but they were already out of sight over the hedges4. The stone flushed a blackbird, and it chattered away along the hedge bottom, disappearing back into the foliage further along.
〔3〕比利站起身，繼續(xù)往前走。他翻過一道柵欄，沿途看到了一群奶牛。低頭吃草的牛緩緩地抬起頭，還不停地反芻著；趴在草地上的牛則動也不動，像是擺放在模型農(nóng)場里的玩具。一群鷓鴣突然從比利的腳下飛起，嚇得他大叫一聲，跳了起來。鷓鴣猶如密集離膛的炮彈，四散飛射。比利撿起一塊石頭，向它們?nèi)尤?，不過它們早已飛過樹籬，消失在了視線之外。石頭倒是驚起了一只畫眉鳥，它沿著樹籬腳下呱呱地叫個不停，漸漸隱沒在遠處樹葉的屏障里。
[4] He reached the stile which led into the woods, climbed on to it and looked back. Fields and fences and hedgerows. The sun was in the sky, and the only sound was the continuous relay of bird song.
〔4〕比利來到林子外面的柵欄那里，爬了上去，又回頭看了看：田野，籬笆，灌木樹籬。太陽高掛在空中，耳邊只有鳥兒此起彼伏的吟唱。
[5] As soon as he entered the wood, Billy left the path and mounted a bank into the undergrowth. He pushed the branches back, away from his eyes, keeping hold until the last moment, then releasing them to thrash back into the foliage behind. He cut a branch off an elm sapling, trimmed it to walking stick length, then used it to fence his way through, slashing and fracturing any limbs in his path.
〔5〕比利一進入林子就離開小徑，爬過護坡，走進了灌木叢。他撥開樹枝，走過去再松手，任它們彈回去打在后面的枝葉上。他從一株小榆樹上砍下一根樹枝，修剪成手杖大小，當成開路利器，揮舞著把一切攔路的樹枝打斷。
[6] The undergrowth thinned out, giving way to grassy clearings between the trees. Overhead their branches webbed into a green canopy, and in places shafts of sunlight angled through, dappling the grey-green trunks, and bringing up the color of the grass and the foliage. Light and shade, a continuous play of light and shade with every rustle of the leaves. Here the bird songs were less frequent, yet more distinct. Hidden somewhere amongst the branches a chaffinch gave out its long undulating notes, concluding each sequence with a flourish. A wood pigeon managed a few series of throaty cooings, ending each series with an abrupt ‘cu’, as though its chest was too sore to carry on. The silence between these calls emphasized the noise of Billy’s progress, and birds retreated prematurely before the swishing and snapping: a robin, tic-tic-tic, a pair of wrens, their loud churrs out of all proportion to their mouse-like size, and a jay, its white rump flashing across the bars of the trees.
〔6〕樹叢越來越稀疏，露出大片大片的草地。樹枝在頭上方交織成一頂綠色的蓬蓋，陽光斜斜地從枝葉間的縫隙里投射下來，斑駁地照在灰綠色的樹干上，青草和樹葉也顯得明媚起來，光和影隨著樹葉的每次顫動追逐嬉戲。這兒的鳥鳴沒有那么頻繁，不過卻更加清晰。不知藏在哪叢枝椏中的一只蒼頭燕雀，抑揚頓挫地唱著悠長的曲調(diào)，每一段必以嘹亮的音符作結(jié)。一只斑鳩啞著嗓子，費勁地“咕咕”著，每一串的結(jié)尾都是一聲短促的“咕”，好像頂不上去了似的。鳥鳴的間隙林子里一片靜寂，比利行進的聲音便顯得愈發(fā)響亮。他把手杖揮得“嗖嗖”響，打在樹枝上發(fā)出“啪啪”的聲音，因而不等他到，鳥兒早已四下躲藏起來：一只知更鳥，嘀嘀嘀地叫著；一對鷦鷯，它們的大嗓門和老鼠般大小的身形簡直不成比例；還有一只松雞，拖著白色的尾巴在樹梢上一閃而過。
（本文選自《男孩與鷹》，湖南文藝出版社出版，2011年1月）
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1.仲文明，山東濟寧人，中南大學外國語學院MTI教育中心副主任。主要學術興趣為文學翻譯與典籍英譯，主持省級科研項目一項，參與省部級科研項目三項。曾獲第十七屆“韓素音青年翻譯獎”英譯漢優(yōu)秀獎，第二屆全國“芙蓉杯青年翻譯獎”英譯漢一等獎。目前出版譯著三部（含合譯）。
2.鐘表的指針。
3.原意指“（與流線型相對的）鈍線型”，此處用來形容鷓鴣飛起時的樣子。
4.樹籬：在田地周圍密集種植的一圈灌木，以作籬笆之用。
《男孩與鷹》是其代表作。小說描述了少年比利的一天，并以插敘和倒敘的手法介紹了比利的生活。比利是一個生活在英國北部礦區(qū)的窮孩子，在學校里經(jīng)常被老師打罵，被同學嘲笑。他在家里也得不到溫暖，野蠻的哥哥賈德欺負他，軟弱的媽媽不管他，疼愛他的爸爸也因為發(fā)現(xiàn)妻子與鄰居米克大叔幽會而憤然出走了。他的人生好像沒有任何希望，的歸宿就是到煤礦挖煤。凱絲這只鷹的出現(xiàn)給他的人生帶來了大的樂趣。他讀寫都不是太好，作文滿是別字，文法也不通，但卻為凱絲去偷了一本馴鷹的書，不厭其煩地閱讀，認真按照書中的方法訓練。在法新老師——形象正面、對比利不錯的老師——的課堂上講述馴鷹的故事是他神氣的時候，與法新老師一起馴鷹是他開心的時候。然而，由于比利將哥哥賈德給他賭馬的錢買了零食，哥哥遷怒于凱絲，并殺了它。瘦小的比利與哥哥打了一架后，來到廢棄的電*，幻想著在父親的懷抱里得到了呵護和溫暖。
小說出版后，引起了巨大反響，成為風靡英倫的暢銷小說，并進入寫作、文學、教育學教材。1969年，作者將小說改編為電影劇本，影片名為Kes，由大師肯·洛奇（Ken Loach）執(zhí)導，榮獲捷克卡羅維發(fā)利國際電影節(jié)高獎“水晶地球儀獎”和英國作家聯(lián)合會“佳劇本獎”，還在英國電影協(xié)會推薦的20世紀百部佳影片中排名第七、14歲之前必看的50部佳片中位列第三。
The sun was up and the cloud band in the East had thinned to a line on the horizon, leaving the dome of the sky clear. The air was still and clean, and the trilling of larks carried far over the fields of hay, which stretched away on both sides of the path. Great rashes of buttercups spread across the fields, and amongst the mingling shades of yellow and green, dog daisies showed their white faces, contrasting with the rust of sorrel. All underscored by clovers, white and pink and purple, which came into their own on the path sides where the grass was shorter, along with daisies and the ubiquitous plantains.
太陽高高地掛在空忠，東方的云帶在天際擠成細細的一條線，晴空萬里。田野里沒有一絲風，空氣也十分清新。小徑兩側(cè)的田地里堆滿了干草，云雀鳴囀著從上面飛過。一望無盡的毛茛正在盛開，黃花與綠葉相映成趣，白色的雛菊與褐色的酸?；▕A雜其中爭芳奪艷；點睛之筆當然還屬苜?；ǎ喊椎?、粉的、紫的, 一簇簇地從路邊的淺草叢中抬起頭來，與雛菊和隨處可見的車前草一起，為這幅美麗的圖畫增添了不少的光彩。
[2] A cushion of mist lay over the fields. Dew drenched the grass, and the occasional sparkling of individual drops made Billy glance down as he passed. One tuft was a silver fire. He knelt down to trace the source of light. The drop had almost forced the blade of grass to the earth, and it lay in the curve of the blade like the tiny egg of a mythical bird. Billy moved his head from side to side to make it sparkle, and when it caught the sun it exploded, throwing out silver needles and crystal splinters. He lowered his head and slowly, very carefully, touched it with the tip of his tongue. The drop quivered like mercury, but held. He bent, and touched it again. It disintegrated and streamed down the channel of the blade to the earth. Slowly the blade began to straighten, climbing steadily like the finger of a clock2.
〔2〕田野上方籠罩著一層霧氣。露水打濕了草叢，草葉上掛著的露珠閃爍著晶瑩的光芒，比利一路走過也不由得多看了幾眼。突然，一道銀光閃過，好像跳躍的火焰。比利跪下身去，想找找這光是從哪兒來的。他瞧見一滴露珠端坐在葉面上，好像神秘的鳥兒下的袖珍鳥蛋，把葉子壓得要垂到地面上。比利左右晃動著腦袋，要想再看看那束光芒。就在露珠迎著陽光的一剎那，它的光芒迸發(fā)了出來，好像無數(shù)的銀針，又像破碎的水晶。比利低下頭，小心翼翼地用舌尖碰了碰露珠。露珠像水銀一樣顫動著，然而并沒有散開。比利俯身又碰了一下。這次露珠碎裂開來，順著葉子滑向了地面。葉子緩緩直起身來，像指針一點一點地攀升著。
[3] Billy stood up and walked on. He climbed over a stile and followed the path through a herd of cows. The ones grazing lifted their heads slowly, chewing their cud. The ones lying in the grass remained motionless, as solid as toy cows set out on a toy farm. A covey of partridges got up under his feet, making him jump and cry out. They whirred away over the field, their blunt forms3 travelling as direct as a barrage of shells. Billy snatched a stone up and threw it after them, but they were already out of sight over the hedges4. The stone flushed a blackbird, and it chattered away along the hedge bottom, disappearing back into the foliage further along.
〔3〕比利站起身，繼續(xù)往前走。他翻過一道柵欄，沿途看到了一群奶牛。低頭吃草的牛緩緩地抬起頭，還不停地反芻著；趴在草地上的牛則動也不動，像是擺放在模型農(nóng)場里的玩具。一群鷓鴣突然從比利的腳下飛起，嚇得他大叫一聲，跳了起來。鷓鴣猶如密集離膛的炮彈，四散飛射。比利撿起一塊石頭，向它們?nèi)尤?，不過它們早已飛過樹籬，消失在了視線之外。石頭倒是驚起了一只畫眉鳥，它沿著樹籬腳下呱呱地叫個不停，漸漸隱沒在遠處樹葉的屏障里。
[4] He reached the stile which led into the woods, climbed on to it and looked back. Fields and fences and hedgerows. The sun was in the sky, and the only sound was the continuous relay of bird song.
〔4〕比利來到林子外面的柵欄那里，爬了上去，又回頭看了看：田野，籬笆，灌木樹籬。太陽高掛在空中，耳邊只有鳥兒此起彼伏的吟唱。
[5] As soon as he entered the wood, Billy left the path and mounted a bank into the undergrowth. He pushed the branches back, away from his eyes, keeping hold until the last moment, then releasing them to thrash back into the foliage behind. He cut a branch off an elm sapling, trimmed it to walking stick length, then used it to fence his way through, slashing and fracturing any limbs in his path.
〔5〕比利一進入林子就離開小徑，爬過護坡，走進了灌木叢。他撥開樹枝，走過去再松手，任它們彈回去打在后面的枝葉上。他從一株小榆樹上砍下一根樹枝，修剪成手杖大小，當成開路利器，揮舞著把一切攔路的樹枝打斷。
[6] The undergrowth thinned out, giving way to grassy clearings between the trees. Overhead their branches webbed into a green canopy, and in places shafts of sunlight angled through, dappling the grey-green trunks, and bringing up the color of the grass and the foliage. Light and shade, a continuous play of light and shade with every rustle of the leaves. Here the bird songs were less frequent, yet more distinct. Hidden somewhere amongst the branches a chaffinch gave out its long undulating notes, concluding each sequence with a flourish. A wood pigeon managed a few series of throaty cooings, ending each series with an abrupt ‘cu’, as though its chest was too sore to carry on. The silence between these calls emphasized the noise of Billy’s progress, and birds retreated prematurely before the swishing and snapping: a robin, tic-tic-tic, a pair of wrens, their loud churrs out of all proportion to their mouse-like size, and a jay, its white rump flashing across the bars of the trees.
〔6〕樹叢越來越稀疏，露出大片大片的草地。樹枝在頭上方交織成一頂綠色的蓬蓋，陽光斜斜地從枝葉間的縫隙里投射下來，斑駁地照在灰綠色的樹干上，青草和樹葉也顯得明媚起來，光和影隨著樹葉的每次顫動追逐嬉戲。這兒的鳥鳴沒有那么頻繁，不過卻更加清晰。不知藏在哪叢枝椏中的一只蒼頭燕雀，抑揚頓挫地唱著悠長的曲調(diào)，每一段必以嘹亮的音符作結(jié)。一只斑鳩啞著嗓子，費勁地“咕咕”著，每一串的結(jié)尾都是一聲短促的“咕”，好像頂不上去了似的。鳥鳴的間隙林子里一片靜寂，比利行進的聲音便顯得愈發(fā)響亮。他把手杖揮得“嗖嗖”響，打在樹枝上發(fā)出“啪啪”的聲音，因而不等他到，鳥兒早已四下躲藏起來：一只知更鳥，嘀嘀嘀地叫著；一對鷦鷯，它們的大嗓門和老鼠般大小的身形簡直不成比例；還有一只松雞，拖著白色的尾巴在樹梢上一閃而過。
（本文選自《男孩與鷹》，湖南文藝出版社出版，2011年1月）
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1.仲文明，山東濟寧人，中南大學外國語學院MTI教育中心副主任。主要學術興趣為文學翻譯與典籍英譯，主持省級科研項目一項，參與省部級科研項目三項。曾獲第十七屆“韓素音青年翻譯獎”英譯漢優(yōu)秀獎，第二屆全國“芙蓉杯青年翻譯獎”英譯漢一等獎。目前出版譯著三部（含合譯）。
2.鐘表的指針。
3.原意指“（與流線型相對的）鈍線型”，此處用來形容鷓鴣飛起時的樣子。
4.樹籬：在田地周圍密集種植的一圈灌木，以作籬笆之用。