閱讀理解
Lateral thinking（迂回思維），first described by Edward de Bone in 1967，is just a few years older than Edward’s son. You might imagine that Caspar was raised to be an adventurous thinker，but the de Bone was so famous，Caspar’s parents worried that any time he would say something bright at school，his teachers might snap，“Where do you get that idea from？”
“We had to be careful and not overdo it.”Edward admits. Now Caspar is at Oxford-which once looked unlikely because he is also slightly dyslexic（誦讀困難）. In fact，when he was applying to Oxford，none of his school teachers thought he had a chance.“So then we did several thinking sessions,”his father says，“using my techniques and，when he went up for the exam，he did extremely well.”Soon after，Edward de Bone decided to write his latest book，“Teach Your Child How to Think”，in which he transforms the thinking skills he developed for brain-storming businessmen into informal exercises for parents and children to share.
Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed in a logical sequence，and everybody knows that children aren’t very logical. So isn’t it an uphill battle，trying to teach them to think？“You know，”Edward de Bone says，“if you examine people’s thinking，it is quite unusual to find faults of logic. But the faults of perception are huge！Often we think ineffectively because we take too limited a view.”
“Teach Your Child How to Think”offers lessons in perception improvement，of clearly seeing the implications of something you are saying and exploring the alternatives.
36. What is TRUE about Caspar？
A. He first described lateral thinking.
B. He is often scolded by his teacher.
C. He is Edward’s son.
D. He is an adventurous thinker.
37. Caspar succeeded in applying to Oxford because .
A. he used in the exam the techniques provided by his father
B. he read the book“Teach Your Child How to think”before the exam
C. he was careful and often overworked
D. all of his school teachers thought he had a chance
38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Edward .
A. was prompted to study lateral thinking because his son was slightly dyslexic
B. once taught businessmen how to think before he wrote for parents and children
C. was likely to improve children’s logic with his book
D. gave a description of lateral thinking several years after his son was born
39. According to Paragraph 3，which of the following statements expresses Edward de Bone’s view？
A. We often think ineffectively because we take too limited a view.
B. Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed in a logical sequence.
C. Everybody knows that children aren’t very logical.
D. It is an uphill battle trying to teach children to think.
40. Lateral thinking refers to the following EXCEPT .
A. seeing the implications of what you are saying
B. exploring the alternatives for what you are saying
C. improving one’s logic in thinking
D. improving one’s perception in thinking
答案解析：
“迂回思維”是在1967七年首先由愛德華·德·波恩進(jìn)行描述的，這種思維只比他的兒子早誕生幾年。你可能想象：卡斯泊會(huì)被培養(yǎng)成一名具有冒險(xiǎn)精神的思想家；但是，德·波恩家族太有名了，卡斯泊的父母擔(dān)心：不管什么時(shí)候他在學(xué)校可能說(shuō)出一些聰明的話，老師都會(huì)嚴(yán)厲地問(wèn)他，“你的這種想法是從哪得來(lái)的？”
“我們不得不非常小心，以免做得過(guò)度?！睈鄣氯A承認(rèn)。現(xiàn)在，卡斯泊在牛津大學(xué)讀書，這曾經(jīng)看上去不大可能，因?yàn)樗加休p微的誦讀困難癥。事實(shí)上，當(dāng)他申請(qǐng)報(bào)考牛津大學(xué)時(shí)，學(xué)校的老師沒有一個(gè)人認(rèn)為他有機(jī)會(huì)?！八裕覀儺?dāng)時(shí)做了很多思維訓(xùn)練”，他的父親說(shuō)，“應(yīng)用我的方法，當(dāng)他去參加考試時(shí)，他發(fā)揮得非常好。”不久，愛德華·德·波恩決定寫他的新的書籍 《教育你的孩子如何思考》。在書中，他把他開發(fā)出來(lái)的用于培養(yǎng)足智多謀的商人的思維技巧轉(zhuǎn)化成家長(zhǎng)和孩子共同參與的非常規(guī)訓(xùn)練。
傳統(tǒng)上，思維是按照一定的邏輯順序所執(zhí)行的活動(dòng)，人人都知道，孩子不太有邏輯性。因此，試圖教孩子去思考不正是一場(chǎng)艱難的戰(zhàn)斗嗎？“你知道，”愛德華·德·波恩說(shuō)，“如果你研究人們的思維，發(fā)現(xiàn)邏輯錯(cuò)誤是很不一般的。但是，關(guān)于概念的錯(cuò)誤卻非常多！通常我們?cè)趺此伎级紱]有結(jié)果，就是因?yàn)槲覀兊囊曇笆艿较拗??！薄督逃愕暮⒆尤绾嗡伎肌?在提高理解力方面提供了一些課程，怎樣清楚地表達(dá)自己所說(shuō)的話的含義，怎樣找到可供選擇的辦法。
36. 【正確答案】C
【考點(diǎn)類型】細(xì)節(jié)判斷
【解析過(guò)程】關(guān)于卡斯泊哪句屬實(shí)？
A. 他首先描述了迂回思維。
B. 他經(jīng)常被老師責(zé)備。
C. 他是愛德華的兒子。
D. 一位有冒險(xiǎn)精神的思想家。
線索：文章的第1段提到“You might imagine that Caspar was raised to be an adventurous thinker，but the de Bone was so famous.”表明了他們的父子關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)A和原文不符合，原文說(shuō)的是他的父親研究迂回思維。B選項(xiàng)本文沒有提到。D選項(xiàng)也混淆了他和他父親的身份。
【考點(diǎn)提示】首題對(duì)應(yīng)首段的內(nèi)容。文章涉及N個(gè)人物的時(shí)候，注意不同人物的關(guān)系還有特征，有可能在這些點(diǎn)上出題。
37. 【正確答案】A
【考點(diǎn)類型】因果關(guān)系
【解析過(guò)程】卡斯泊成功地申請(qǐng)到了牛津大學(xué)，因?yàn)?。
A. 他使用了父親教給他的方法
B. 在考試前他讀了 《教你的孩子如何思考》 一書
C. 他很細(xì)心并且學(xué)習(xí)努力
D. 他學(xué)校的所有老師認(rèn)為他有一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)
線索：文章的第2段提到“using my techniques and，when he went up for the exam.”表明A是正確答案。B選項(xiàng)和原文的內(nèi)容不符合，是在他考試完之后，他的父親在準(zhǔn)備寫《教你的孩子如何思考》 這本書。D選項(xiàng)和原文的內(nèi)容相反“none of his school teachers thought he had a chance”.
【考點(diǎn)提示】注意信息之間的時(shí)間遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、總結(jié)關(guān)系、補(bǔ)充關(guān)系、強(qiáng)調(diào)關(guān)系等，這些是文章的考點(diǎn)。
38. 【正確答案】B
【考點(diǎn)類型】細(xì)節(jié)推斷
【解析過(guò)程】從文章的第2段我們可以推論出愛德華 。
A. 急于學(xué)習(xí)迂回思維因?yàn)樗暮⒆佑幸恍┱b讀障礙
B. 在他為孩子和父母?jìng)儗戇@本書之前曾經(jīng)教商人如何去思考
C. 用他的書去提高孩子的邏輯思考能力
D. 在他孩子出生幾年之后描繪了迂回思維
線索：文章的第2段提到“in which he transforms the thinking skills he developed for brain-storming businessmen into informal exercises for parents and children to share.”表明B是正確答案。A選項(xiàng)和原文的內(nèi)容不符合，原文是說(shuō)“Lateral thinking（迂回思維），first described by Edward de Bone in 1967，is just a few years older than Edward’s son.”早在他的孩子出生前，他就已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)迂回思維。
【考點(diǎn)提示】推斷指的是在原文的基礎(chǔ)之上，對(duì)原文信息的再改寫，所以不是從無(wú)到有的過(guò)程，這一點(diǎn)在解析推理題的過(guò)程中非常重要。
39. 【正確答案】A
【考點(diǎn)類型】細(xì)節(jié)判斷
【解析過(guò)程】根據(jù)文章的第3段，下面哪句話表達(dá)了愛德華的觀點(diǎn)？
A. 因?yàn)槲覀兊挠^點(diǎn)有限所以我們經(jīng)常思考效率不高。
B. 從傳統(tǒng)意義上講思考是以邏輯順序?qū)嵤┑摹?BR> C. 每個(gè)人都知道孩子不是非常具有邏輯性的。
D. 試圖去教孩子符合邏輯的思考是具有挑戰(zhàn)性的。
線索：文章的第3段提到“But the faults of perception are huge！ Often we think inef-fectively because we take too limited a view.”表明選項(xiàng)A是正確答案。B和C選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容在文章中提到了，但不是愛德華的觀點(diǎn)，是一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)。
【考點(diǎn)提示】明確作者的觀點(diǎn)和其他專家的觀點(diǎn)非常重要。張冠李戴是出題老師在設(shè)計(jì)混淆選項(xiàng)時(shí)用的一種方法，所以同學(xué)們?cè)陂喿x文章的時(shí)候要非常警惕這種陷阱。
40. 【正確答案】C
【考點(diǎn)類型】細(xì)節(jié)排除
【解析過(guò)程】迂回思考指的是下面幾句話，除了 。
A. 看到你說(shuō)的內(nèi)容的暗含意思
B. 尋找你說(shuō)的內(nèi)容的可選擇說(shuō)法
C. 提高人的邏輯思考能力
D. 提高人的觀察力
線索1：文章的第4段提到，“ ...of clearly seeing the implications of something you are saying ...”選項(xiàng)A在原文提到。
線索2：文章的第4段提到，“...exploring the alternatives...”選項(xiàng)B在原文提到。
線索3：文章的第4段提到，“...‘Teach Your Child How to Think’offers lessons in perception improvement...”選項(xiàng)D在原文提到。
所以選項(xiàng)C是原文沒有提到的內(nèi)容。
Lateral thinking（迂回思維），first described by Edward de Bone in 1967，is just a few years older than Edward’s son. You might imagine that Caspar was raised to be an adventurous thinker，but the de Bone was so famous，Caspar’s parents worried that any time he would say something bright at school，his teachers might snap，“Where do you get that idea from？”
“We had to be careful and not overdo it.”Edward admits. Now Caspar is at Oxford-which once looked unlikely because he is also slightly dyslexic（誦讀困難）. In fact，when he was applying to Oxford，none of his school teachers thought he had a chance.“So then we did several thinking sessions,”his father says，“using my techniques and，when he went up for the exam，he did extremely well.”Soon after，Edward de Bone decided to write his latest book，“Teach Your Child How to Think”，in which he transforms the thinking skills he developed for brain-storming businessmen into informal exercises for parents and children to share.
Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed in a logical sequence，and everybody knows that children aren’t very logical. So isn’t it an uphill battle，trying to teach them to think？“You know，”Edward de Bone says，“if you examine people’s thinking，it is quite unusual to find faults of logic. But the faults of perception are huge！Often we think ineffectively because we take too limited a view.”
“Teach Your Child How to Think”offers lessons in perception improvement，of clearly seeing the implications of something you are saying and exploring the alternatives.
36. What is TRUE about Caspar？
A. He first described lateral thinking.
B. He is often scolded by his teacher.
C. He is Edward’s son.
D. He is an adventurous thinker.
37. Caspar succeeded in applying to Oxford because .
A. he used in the exam the techniques provided by his father
B. he read the book“Teach Your Child How to think”before the exam
C. he was careful and often overworked
D. all of his school teachers thought he had a chance
38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Edward .
A. was prompted to study lateral thinking because his son was slightly dyslexic
B. once taught businessmen how to think before he wrote for parents and children
C. was likely to improve children’s logic with his book
D. gave a description of lateral thinking several years after his son was born
39. According to Paragraph 3，which of the following statements expresses Edward de Bone’s view？
A. We often think ineffectively because we take too limited a view.
B. Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed in a logical sequence.
C. Everybody knows that children aren’t very logical.
D. It is an uphill battle trying to teach children to think.
40. Lateral thinking refers to the following EXCEPT .
A. seeing the implications of what you are saying
B. exploring the alternatives for what you are saying
C. improving one’s logic in thinking
D. improving one’s perception in thinking
答案解析：
“迂回思維”是在1967七年首先由愛德華·德·波恩進(jìn)行描述的，這種思維只比他的兒子早誕生幾年。你可能想象：卡斯泊會(huì)被培養(yǎng)成一名具有冒險(xiǎn)精神的思想家；但是，德·波恩家族太有名了，卡斯泊的父母擔(dān)心：不管什么時(shí)候他在學(xué)校可能說(shuō)出一些聰明的話，老師都會(huì)嚴(yán)厲地問(wèn)他，“你的這種想法是從哪得來(lái)的？”
“我們不得不非常小心，以免做得過(guò)度?！睈鄣氯A承認(rèn)。現(xiàn)在，卡斯泊在牛津大學(xué)讀書，這曾經(jīng)看上去不大可能，因?yàn)樗加休p微的誦讀困難癥。事實(shí)上，當(dāng)他申請(qǐng)報(bào)考牛津大學(xué)時(shí)，學(xué)校的老師沒有一個(gè)人認(rèn)為他有機(jī)會(huì)?！八裕覀儺?dāng)時(shí)做了很多思維訓(xùn)練”，他的父親說(shuō)，“應(yīng)用我的方法，當(dāng)他去參加考試時(shí)，他發(fā)揮得非常好。”不久，愛德華·德·波恩決定寫他的新的書籍 《教育你的孩子如何思考》。在書中，他把他開發(fā)出來(lái)的用于培養(yǎng)足智多謀的商人的思維技巧轉(zhuǎn)化成家長(zhǎng)和孩子共同參與的非常規(guī)訓(xùn)練。
傳統(tǒng)上，思維是按照一定的邏輯順序所執(zhí)行的活動(dòng)，人人都知道，孩子不太有邏輯性。因此，試圖教孩子去思考不正是一場(chǎng)艱難的戰(zhàn)斗嗎？“你知道，”愛德華·德·波恩說(shuō)，“如果你研究人們的思維，發(fā)現(xiàn)邏輯錯(cuò)誤是很不一般的。但是，關(guān)于概念的錯(cuò)誤卻非常多！通常我們?cè)趺此伎级紱]有結(jié)果，就是因?yàn)槲覀兊囊曇笆艿较拗??！薄督逃愕暮⒆尤绾嗡伎肌?在提高理解力方面提供了一些課程，怎樣清楚地表達(dá)自己所說(shuō)的話的含義，怎樣找到可供選擇的辦法。
36. 【正確答案】C
【考點(diǎn)類型】細(xì)節(jié)判斷
【解析過(guò)程】關(guān)于卡斯泊哪句屬實(shí)？
A. 他首先描述了迂回思維。
B. 他經(jīng)常被老師責(zé)備。
C. 他是愛德華的兒子。
D. 一位有冒險(xiǎn)精神的思想家。
線索：文章的第1段提到“You might imagine that Caspar was raised to be an adventurous thinker，but the de Bone was so famous.”表明了他們的父子關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)A和原文不符合，原文說(shuō)的是他的父親研究迂回思維。B選項(xiàng)本文沒有提到。D選項(xiàng)也混淆了他和他父親的身份。
【考點(diǎn)提示】首題對(duì)應(yīng)首段的內(nèi)容。文章涉及N個(gè)人物的時(shí)候，注意不同人物的關(guān)系還有特征，有可能在這些點(diǎn)上出題。
37. 【正確答案】A
【考點(diǎn)類型】因果關(guān)系
【解析過(guò)程】卡斯泊成功地申請(qǐng)到了牛津大學(xué)，因?yàn)?。
A. 他使用了父親教給他的方法
B. 在考試前他讀了 《教你的孩子如何思考》 一書
C. 他很細(xì)心并且學(xué)習(xí)努力
D. 他學(xué)校的所有老師認(rèn)為他有一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)
線索：文章的第2段提到“using my techniques and，when he went up for the exam.”表明A是正確答案。B選項(xiàng)和原文的內(nèi)容不符合，是在他考試完之后，他的父親在準(zhǔn)備寫《教你的孩子如何思考》 這本書。D選項(xiàng)和原文的內(nèi)容相反“none of his school teachers thought he had a chance”.
【考點(diǎn)提示】注意信息之間的時(shí)間遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、總結(jié)關(guān)系、補(bǔ)充關(guān)系、強(qiáng)調(diào)關(guān)系等，這些是文章的考點(diǎn)。
38. 【正確答案】B
【考點(diǎn)類型】細(xì)節(jié)推斷
【解析過(guò)程】從文章的第2段我們可以推論出愛德華 。
A. 急于學(xué)習(xí)迂回思維因?yàn)樗暮⒆佑幸恍┱b讀障礙
B. 在他為孩子和父母?jìng)儗戇@本書之前曾經(jīng)教商人如何去思考
C. 用他的書去提高孩子的邏輯思考能力
D. 在他孩子出生幾年之后描繪了迂回思維
線索：文章的第2段提到“in which he transforms the thinking skills he developed for brain-storming businessmen into informal exercises for parents and children to share.”表明B是正確答案。A選項(xiàng)和原文的內(nèi)容不符合，原文是說(shuō)“Lateral thinking（迂回思維），first described by Edward de Bone in 1967，is just a few years older than Edward’s son.”早在他的孩子出生前，他就已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)迂回思維。
【考點(diǎn)提示】推斷指的是在原文的基礎(chǔ)之上，對(duì)原文信息的再改寫，所以不是從無(wú)到有的過(guò)程，這一點(diǎn)在解析推理題的過(guò)程中非常重要。
39. 【正確答案】A
【考點(diǎn)類型】細(xì)節(jié)判斷
【解析過(guò)程】根據(jù)文章的第3段，下面哪句話表達(dá)了愛德華的觀點(diǎn)？
A. 因?yàn)槲覀兊挠^點(diǎn)有限所以我們經(jīng)常思考效率不高。
B. 從傳統(tǒng)意義上講思考是以邏輯順序?qū)嵤┑摹?BR> C. 每個(gè)人都知道孩子不是非常具有邏輯性的。
D. 試圖去教孩子符合邏輯的思考是具有挑戰(zhàn)性的。
線索：文章的第3段提到“But the faults of perception are huge！ Often we think inef-fectively because we take too limited a view.”表明選項(xiàng)A是正確答案。B和C選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容在文章中提到了，但不是愛德華的觀點(diǎn)，是一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)。
【考點(diǎn)提示】明確作者的觀點(diǎn)和其他專家的觀點(diǎn)非常重要。張冠李戴是出題老師在設(shè)計(jì)混淆選項(xiàng)時(shí)用的一種方法，所以同學(xué)們?cè)陂喿x文章的時(shí)候要非常警惕這種陷阱。
40. 【正確答案】C
【考點(diǎn)類型】細(xì)節(jié)排除
【解析過(guò)程】迂回思考指的是下面幾句話，除了 。
A. 看到你說(shuō)的內(nèi)容的暗含意思
B. 尋找你說(shuō)的內(nèi)容的可選擇說(shuō)法
C. 提高人的邏輯思考能力
D. 提高人的觀察力
線索1：文章的第4段提到，“ ...of clearly seeing the implications of something you are saying ...”選項(xiàng)A在原文提到。
線索2：文章的第4段提到，“...exploring the alternatives...”選項(xiàng)B在原文提到。
線索3：文章的第4段提到，“...‘Teach Your Child How to Think’offers lessons in perception improvement...”選項(xiàng)D在原文提到。
所以選項(xiàng)C是原文沒有提到的內(nèi)容。