Section I Structure and Vocabulary
In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Circle the letter before your choice. Only one choice is to be circled (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
Tom has been unemployed ________ he lost his job three weeks ago.
[A] after
[B] since
[C] before
[D] while
ANSWER: [B]
1. ________ born in Chicago, the author is most famous for his stories about New York City.
[A] Although
[B] Since
[C] As
[D] When
2. Allen and I are in the same history class, but his assignment is different ________ mine.
[A] with
[B] from
[C] against
[D] to
3. They have all got up, and ________.
[A] Jack has too
[B] so has Jack
[C] Jack hasn't
[D] also has Jack
4. I am sure that ________ you said is wrong.
[A] which
[B] all
[C] this
[D] what
5. ________ four years since John left school.
[A] They have been
[B] It is
[C] It was
[D] Those are
6. I have been to the doctor's about my headache. He says there is ________.
[A] something serious
[B] anything serious
[C] not serious
[D] nothing serious
7. This bicycle is his, not ________.
[A] their
[B] hers
[C] her
[D] your
8. A good writer is ________ who can express the commonplace in an uncommon way.
[A] that
[B] he
[C] one
[D] this
9. Those are very pleasant rooms. How much do you ________ them?
[A] want
[B] demand
[C] ask for
[D] ask
10. His honesty is ________: nobody can doubt it.
[A] in question
[B] out of the question
[C] beside the question
[D] without question
Section II Verb Forms
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of verbs given in brackets. (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
Will you call them up and tell them we'll start as soon as the rain ________ (stop)?
ANSWER: stops
11. He tried to avoid ________ (answer) my questions.
12. ________ (complete) one task, we started on another one.
13. I wish you ________ (not hurt) Jim so much. He is still very depressed.
14. In recent years a number of communications satellites ________ (put) int0 orbit about the earth.
15. She sat at the window ________ (read) a novel.
16. If you had spoken clearly, you ________ (understand).
17. We think this house is worth ________ (renovate).
18. Don't get your schedule ________ (change); stay with us in this class.
19. I've got a loaf of bread; now I'm looking for a knife ________ (cut) it with.
20. There's no use ________ (cry) over spilt milk.Section III Error-detection
Each question consists of a sentence with four underlined parts (words or phrases). These parts are labeled [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose the part of the sentence that is incorrect, and circle the letter of your choice. If you find no mistakes in a sentence, circle the letter E for "No Error". Only one choice is to be circled. (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
1) The plant manager, likeA many workers, wereB very experiencedC inD safety precautions. No ErrorE
ANSWER: [B]
2) To comprehend wellA, aB student mustC read frequentlyD. No ErrorE
ANSWER: [E]
21. Because ofA an election was in progressB, voters from all walksC of life were heatedlyD. No ErrorE
22. I moveA thatB he is to beC discharged forD his serious mistake. No ErrorE
23. SomeA adult novels have beenB adoptedC forD young readers. No ErrorE
24. AA number of errorsB made byC him was suprisingD. No ErrorE
25. This article deals withA the natural phenomenon which areB most interesting toC everyoneD. No ErrorE
26. Often didA we askB her not to beC late forD school. No ErrorE
27. The sun warmsA the earth, thisB makes itC possible forD plants to grow. No ErrorE
28. OfA the best ofB my knowledgeC, he did very well inD his previous job. No ErrorE
29. While walkingA along the street early inB the morning, he heardC someone cryingD. No ErrorE
30. WhenA you make aB decision, you must take everythingC in accountD. No ErrorE
Section IV Cloze Test
For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled A, B, C, and D. Choose the correct one and circle the letter before your choice. Only one choice is to be circled. (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
Bill came to work at the University thirty years ________ today.
[A] since
[B] before
[C] from
[D] ago
ANSWER: [D]
In the 20th century chemists have learned to make 大31家 of new compounds that never existed 大32家. Many of them are useful to industry. Industry also found new uses 大33家 old, well-known 大34家 such as mercury, arsenic, and lead. We have learned to use radioactive substances in manufacturing electrical power, and some materials used in medicine. Many of these substances are poisonous to people. Accidentally or 大35家 purpose, many of them are discharged int0 streams and lakes. Birds and fish are killed by them. In some 大36家 people have been killed or 大37家 by them. In some countries, many people were killed by eating fish that had lived in water contaminated with mercury; 大38家 others were crippled 大39家 life. There is no solution at present 大40家 the problem of water pollution by many different kinds of industrial wastes. Ideally, all the wastes should be collected and used again.
31. [A] the thousand
[B] thousands
[C] a thousand
[D] one thousand
32. [A] earlier
[B] early
[C] ago
[D] before
33. [A] for
[B] to
[C] of
[D] with
34. [A] things
[B] matters
[C] substances
[D] materials
35. [A] in
[B] with
[C] on
[D] for
36. [A] cases
[B] conditions
[C] situations
[D] environments
37. [A] got sick
[B] fell sick
[C] became sick
[D] made sick
38. [A] more
[B] still
[C] the
[D] most
39. [A] in
[B] of
[C] for
[D] by
40. [A] of
[B] in
[C] about
[D] toSection V Reading Comprehension
Each sentence below is followed by four statements. One of the statements is a suggestion which can be made from the information given in the original sentence. Read the sentences carefully and circle your choice. Only one choice is to be circled. (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
What is most obvious in this book are all those details of daily living which make Mrs. Richards anything but common.
[A] Mrs. Richards is very obvious.
[B] Mrs. Richards is an unusual person.
[C] Mrs. Richards is anything she wants to be.
[D] Mrs. Richards is quite ordinary.
ANSWER: [B]
41. Dr. Smith made a long speech in which he implied that he was a friend of the Dean's.
[A] Dr. Smith was not a friend of the Dean's.
[B] Dr. Smith gave a talk in which he said he was a friend of the Dean's.
[C] Dr. Smith suggested in his speech that he was a friend of the Dean's.
[D] Dr. Smith made a moving speech in which he said that he was a friend of the Dean's.
42. Reading between the lines, I should say the scientists are disappointed at the outcome of the research project, though they will not openly admit it.
[A] The scientists admit that their research project is a failure.
[B] The scientists are not satisfied with the outcome of the research project.
[C] The scientists deny that the outcome of the research project is a failure.
[D] The outcome of the research project is not a failure.
43. John and I did not see each other very often, but whenever I was in trouble he always came to me and offered his help.
[A] I was often in trouble.
[B] John was a true friend of mine.
[C] John came to see me only when I was in trouble.
[D] Time and again John came to my help.
44. When he entered the room, we all stopped talking and glanced at each other uneasily.
[A] We were all afraid of him.
[B] We all respected him.
[C] He was a friend of ours.
[D] He was an opponent to all of us.
45. It is a tale which holds children from play, and old men from the chimney corner.
[A] The children are player.
[B] The story is fascinating.
[C] The old men are sitting near the chimney corner.
[D] The tale is about children and old men.
Section VI Structure and Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words which best complete the meaning of the sentences. (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
If the teams were not so evenly matched, it would be easier to ________ the outcome.
[A] precede
[B] expect
[C] foretell
[D] count
ANSWER: [C]
46. The twins are so much ________ that it is difficult to tell one from the other.
[A] similar
[B] equal
[C] like
[D] alike
47. The photo ________ happy memories of my early childhood.
[A] refreshed
[B] brings to mind
[C] stimulates
[D] reminds myself
48. This album is ________ as it was the only one ever signed by the President.
[A] unusual
[B] unique
[C] rare
[D] singular
49. The firemen managed to ________ the fire in time.
[A] extinguish
[B] prevent
[C] stop
[D] suppress
50. I believe reserves of coal here are ________ to last for fifty years.
[A] sufficient
[B] efficient
[C] persistent
[D] rich
51. This room is partly ________ with a few old armchairs.
[A] provided
[B] decorated
[C] beautified
[D] furnished
52. Henry’s news report covering the conference was so ________ that nothing had been omitted.
[A] clear
[B] integrated
[C] comprehensive
[D] understandable
53. These plastic flowers look so ________ that many people think they are real.
[A] beautiful
[B] natural
[C] comparable
[D] similar
54. We are now ________ a new English-Chinese dictionary.
[A] composing
[B] writing
[C] compiling
[D] creating
55. The students ________ their thanks to Professor Davis by presenting him with a parting gift.
[A] revealed
[B] expressed
[C] showed
[D] said Section VII Chinese-English Translation
Translate the following sentences int0 English. (15 points)
56. 我們不同意他剛才說(shuō)的話(huà)。
57. 在老師再解釋一遍后，同學(xué)們才聽(tīng)懂這句子的意思。
58. 我們很高興他如期完成任務(wù)
59. 我們對(duì)他解決問(wèn)題的方法很感興趣。
60. 我們雖然引進(jìn)新技術(shù)和設(shè)備，但是我們將主要依靠自己來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)個(gè)現(xiàn)代化。
Section VIII English-Chinese Translation
Choose either of the following two passages and translate it int0 Chinese. (25 points)
(1)
Let us suppose that you are in the position of a parent. Would you allow your children to read any book they wanted to without first checking its contents? Would you take your children to see any film without first finding out whether it is suitable for them? If your answer to these questions is ‘yes’, then you are just plain irresponsible. If your answer is ‘no’, then you are exercising your right as a parent to protect your children from what you consider to be undesirable influences. In other words, by acting as an examiner yourself, you are admitting that there is a strong case for censorship.
Now, of course, you will say that it is one thing to exercise censorship where children are concerned and quite another to do the same for adults. Children need protection and it is the parents’ responsibility to provide it. But what about adults? Aren’t they old enough to decide what is good for them? The answer is that many adults are, but don’t make the mistake of thinking that all adults are like yourself. Censorship is for the good of society as a whole. Like the law, it contributes to the common good.
Some people think that it is a shame that a censor should interfere with works of art. But we must bear in mind that the great proportion of books, plays and films which come before the censor are very far from being ‘works of art’.
When censorship laws are relaxed, dishonest people are given a chance to produce virtually anything in the name of ‘a(chǎn)rt’. One of the great things that censorship does is to prevent certain people from making fat profits by corrupting the minds of others. To argue in favour of absolute freedom is to argue in favour of anarchy. Society would really be the better if it were protected by correct censorship.
(2)
If the sun has enough power to warm and light the whole earth, it must have enough power to do other things, too. Can we use the sun’s abundant energy to supply electricity, or at least to perform the functions which electricity or other types of power usually perform? The answer is yes.
For example, people have for many years been using the reflected heat of the sun to cook by. Solar cookers have been built with several curved mirrors reflecting the sun and focusing its heat on the cooking element. This apparatus can be used just like a gas or electric stove; it is more expensive to make but it does not need any fuel, and so costs nothing to use. Another possibility of using solar energy is in house-heating.
The form of energy we use most is electricity, and every day more is needed. But electricity has to be made, too, and to make it huge quantities of fuel are required — oil, coal, gas and nowadays even uranium.
The question which worries everyone today is: how long will these fuels last? Nobody knows for sure, but most experts think it will soon be difficult to obtain sufficient electricity from these sources. It is possible that the sun can make a contribution here, too.
Solar power has already been used to produce terrific hat. In Southern France a solar furnace has been built, where temperatures reach more than 3000° Centigrade. This furnace is only used for experiments at present, but could be used to produce steam for a power station.
So it is possible that one day in the near future we will depend on solar furnaces and power stations to provide our electrical needs. Or perhaps each home will have a solar generator to provide power for lighting and heating.
In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Circle the letter before your choice. Only one choice is to be circled (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
Tom has been unemployed ________ he lost his job three weeks ago.
[A] after
[B] since
[C] before
[D] while
ANSWER: [B]
1. ________ born in Chicago, the author is most famous for his stories about New York City.
[A] Although
[B] Since
[C] As
[D] When
2. Allen and I are in the same history class, but his assignment is different ________ mine.
[A] with
[B] from
[C] against
[D] to
3. They have all got up, and ________.
[A] Jack has too
[B] so has Jack
[C] Jack hasn't
[D] also has Jack
4. I am sure that ________ you said is wrong.
[A] which
[B] all
[C] this
[D] what
5. ________ four years since John left school.
[A] They have been
[B] It is
[C] It was
[D] Those are
6. I have been to the doctor's about my headache. He says there is ________.
[A] something serious
[B] anything serious
[C] not serious
[D] nothing serious
7. This bicycle is his, not ________.
[A] their
[B] hers
[C] her
[D] your
8. A good writer is ________ who can express the commonplace in an uncommon way.
[A] that
[B] he
[C] one
[D] this
9. Those are very pleasant rooms. How much do you ________ them?
[A] want
[B] demand
[C] ask for
[D] ask
10. His honesty is ________: nobody can doubt it.
[A] in question
[B] out of the question
[C] beside the question
[D] without question
Section II Verb Forms
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of verbs given in brackets. (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
Will you call them up and tell them we'll start as soon as the rain ________ (stop)?
ANSWER: stops
11. He tried to avoid ________ (answer) my questions.
12. ________ (complete) one task, we started on another one.
13. I wish you ________ (not hurt) Jim so much. He is still very depressed.
14. In recent years a number of communications satellites ________ (put) int0 orbit about the earth.
15. She sat at the window ________ (read) a novel.
16. If you had spoken clearly, you ________ (understand).
17. We think this house is worth ________ (renovate).
18. Don't get your schedule ________ (change); stay with us in this class.
19. I've got a loaf of bread; now I'm looking for a knife ________ (cut) it with.
20. There's no use ________ (cry) over spilt milk.Section III Error-detection
Each question consists of a sentence with four underlined parts (words or phrases). These parts are labeled [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose the part of the sentence that is incorrect, and circle the letter of your choice. If you find no mistakes in a sentence, circle the letter E for "No Error". Only one choice is to be circled. (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
1) The plant manager, likeA many workers, wereB very experiencedC inD safety precautions. No ErrorE
ANSWER: [B]
2) To comprehend wellA, aB student mustC read frequentlyD. No ErrorE
ANSWER: [E]
21. Because ofA an election was in progressB, voters from all walksC of life were heatedlyD. No ErrorE
22. I moveA thatB he is to beC discharged forD his serious mistake. No ErrorE
23. SomeA adult novels have beenB adoptedC forD young readers. No ErrorE
24. AA number of errorsB made byC him was suprisingD. No ErrorE
25. This article deals withA the natural phenomenon which areB most interesting toC everyoneD. No ErrorE
26. Often didA we askB her not to beC late forD school. No ErrorE
27. The sun warmsA the earth, thisB makes itC possible forD plants to grow. No ErrorE
28. OfA the best ofB my knowledgeC, he did very well inD his previous job. No ErrorE
29. While walkingA along the street early inB the morning, he heardC someone cryingD. No ErrorE
30. WhenA you make aB decision, you must take everythingC in accountD. No ErrorE
Section IV Cloze Test
For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled A, B, C, and D. Choose the correct one and circle the letter before your choice. Only one choice is to be circled. (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
Bill came to work at the University thirty years ________ today.
[A] since
[B] before
[C] from
[D] ago
ANSWER: [D]
In the 20th century chemists have learned to make 大31家 of new compounds that never existed 大32家. Many of them are useful to industry. Industry also found new uses 大33家 old, well-known 大34家 such as mercury, arsenic, and lead. We have learned to use radioactive substances in manufacturing electrical power, and some materials used in medicine. Many of these substances are poisonous to people. Accidentally or 大35家 purpose, many of them are discharged int0 streams and lakes. Birds and fish are killed by them. In some 大36家 people have been killed or 大37家 by them. In some countries, many people were killed by eating fish that had lived in water contaminated with mercury; 大38家 others were crippled 大39家 life. There is no solution at present 大40家 the problem of water pollution by many different kinds of industrial wastes. Ideally, all the wastes should be collected and used again.
31. [A] the thousand
[B] thousands
[C] a thousand
[D] one thousand
32. [A] earlier
[B] early
[C] ago
[D] before
33. [A] for
[B] to
[C] of
[D] with
34. [A] things
[B] matters
[C] substances
[D] materials
35. [A] in
[B] with
[C] on
[D] for
36. [A] cases
[B] conditions
[C] situations
[D] environments
37. [A] got sick
[B] fell sick
[C] became sick
[D] made sick
38. [A] more
[B] still
[C] the
[D] most
39. [A] in
[B] of
[C] for
[D] by
40. [A] of
[B] in
[C] about
[D] toSection V Reading Comprehension
Each sentence below is followed by four statements. One of the statements is a suggestion which can be made from the information given in the original sentence. Read the sentences carefully and circle your choice. Only one choice is to be circled. (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
What is most obvious in this book are all those details of daily living which make Mrs. Richards anything but common.
[A] Mrs. Richards is very obvious.
[B] Mrs. Richards is an unusual person.
[C] Mrs. Richards is anything she wants to be.
[D] Mrs. Richards is quite ordinary.
ANSWER: [B]
41. Dr. Smith made a long speech in which he implied that he was a friend of the Dean's.
[A] Dr. Smith was not a friend of the Dean's.
[B] Dr. Smith gave a talk in which he said he was a friend of the Dean's.
[C] Dr. Smith suggested in his speech that he was a friend of the Dean's.
[D] Dr. Smith made a moving speech in which he said that he was a friend of the Dean's.
42. Reading between the lines, I should say the scientists are disappointed at the outcome of the research project, though they will not openly admit it.
[A] The scientists admit that their research project is a failure.
[B] The scientists are not satisfied with the outcome of the research project.
[C] The scientists deny that the outcome of the research project is a failure.
[D] The outcome of the research project is not a failure.
43. John and I did not see each other very often, but whenever I was in trouble he always came to me and offered his help.
[A] I was often in trouble.
[B] John was a true friend of mine.
[C] John came to see me only when I was in trouble.
[D] Time and again John came to my help.
44. When he entered the room, we all stopped talking and glanced at each other uneasily.
[A] We were all afraid of him.
[B] We all respected him.
[C] He was a friend of ours.
[D] He was an opponent to all of us.
45. It is a tale which holds children from play, and old men from the chimney corner.
[A] The children are player.
[B] The story is fascinating.
[C] The old men are sitting near the chimney corner.
[D] The tale is about children and old men.
Section VI Structure and Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words which best complete the meaning of the sentences. (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
If the teams were not so evenly matched, it would be easier to ________ the outcome.
[A] precede
[B] expect
[C] foretell
[D] count
ANSWER: [C]
46. The twins are so much ________ that it is difficult to tell one from the other.
[A] similar
[B] equal
[C] like
[D] alike
47. The photo ________ happy memories of my early childhood.
[A] refreshed
[B] brings to mind
[C] stimulates
[D] reminds myself
48. This album is ________ as it was the only one ever signed by the President.
[A] unusual
[B] unique
[C] rare
[D] singular
49. The firemen managed to ________ the fire in time.
[A] extinguish
[B] prevent
[C] stop
[D] suppress
50. I believe reserves of coal here are ________ to last for fifty years.
[A] sufficient
[B] efficient
[C] persistent
[D] rich
51. This room is partly ________ with a few old armchairs.
[A] provided
[B] decorated
[C] beautified
[D] furnished
52. Henry’s news report covering the conference was so ________ that nothing had been omitted.
[A] clear
[B] integrated
[C] comprehensive
[D] understandable
53. These plastic flowers look so ________ that many people think they are real.
[A] beautiful
[B] natural
[C] comparable
[D] similar
54. We are now ________ a new English-Chinese dictionary.
[A] composing
[B] writing
[C] compiling
[D] creating
55. The students ________ their thanks to Professor Davis by presenting him with a parting gift.
[A] revealed
[B] expressed
[C] showed
[D] said Section VII Chinese-English Translation
Translate the following sentences int0 English. (15 points)
56. 我們不同意他剛才說(shuō)的話(huà)。
57. 在老師再解釋一遍后，同學(xué)們才聽(tīng)懂這句子的意思。
58. 我們很高興他如期完成任務(wù)
59. 我們對(duì)他解決問(wèn)題的方法很感興趣。
60. 我們雖然引進(jìn)新技術(shù)和設(shè)備，但是我們將主要依靠自己來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)個(gè)現(xiàn)代化。
Section VIII English-Chinese Translation
Choose either of the following two passages and translate it int0 Chinese. (25 points)
(1)
Let us suppose that you are in the position of a parent. Would you allow your children to read any book they wanted to without first checking its contents? Would you take your children to see any film without first finding out whether it is suitable for them? If your answer to these questions is ‘yes’, then you are just plain irresponsible. If your answer is ‘no’, then you are exercising your right as a parent to protect your children from what you consider to be undesirable influences. In other words, by acting as an examiner yourself, you are admitting that there is a strong case for censorship.
Now, of course, you will say that it is one thing to exercise censorship where children are concerned and quite another to do the same for adults. Children need protection and it is the parents’ responsibility to provide it. But what about adults? Aren’t they old enough to decide what is good for them? The answer is that many adults are, but don’t make the mistake of thinking that all adults are like yourself. Censorship is for the good of society as a whole. Like the law, it contributes to the common good.
Some people think that it is a shame that a censor should interfere with works of art. But we must bear in mind that the great proportion of books, plays and films which come before the censor are very far from being ‘works of art’.
When censorship laws are relaxed, dishonest people are given a chance to produce virtually anything in the name of ‘a(chǎn)rt’. One of the great things that censorship does is to prevent certain people from making fat profits by corrupting the minds of others. To argue in favour of absolute freedom is to argue in favour of anarchy. Society would really be the better if it were protected by correct censorship.
(2)
If the sun has enough power to warm and light the whole earth, it must have enough power to do other things, too. Can we use the sun’s abundant energy to supply electricity, or at least to perform the functions which electricity or other types of power usually perform? The answer is yes.
For example, people have for many years been using the reflected heat of the sun to cook by. Solar cookers have been built with several curved mirrors reflecting the sun and focusing its heat on the cooking element. This apparatus can be used just like a gas or electric stove; it is more expensive to make but it does not need any fuel, and so costs nothing to use. Another possibility of using solar energy is in house-heating.
The form of energy we use most is electricity, and every day more is needed. But electricity has to be made, too, and to make it huge quantities of fuel are required — oil, coal, gas and nowadays even uranium.
The question which worries everyone today is: how long will these fuels last? Nobody knows for sure, but most experts think it will soon be difficult to obtain sufficient electricity from these sources. It is possible that the sun can make a contribution here, too.
Solar power has already been used to produce terrific hat. In Southern France a solar furnace has been built, where temperatures reach more than 3000° Centigrade. This furnace is only used for experiments at present, but could be used to produce steam for a power station.
So it is possible that one day in the near future we will depend on solar furnaces and power stations to provide our electrical needs. Or perhaps each home will have a solar generator to provide power for lighting and heating.
1983年考研英語(yǔ)真題答案
Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (10 points)
|
1. [A] |
2. [B] |
3. [B] |
4. [D] |
5. [B] |
|
6. [D] |
7. [B] |
8. [C] |
9. [C] |
10. [D] |
Section II: Verb Forms (10 points)
|
11. answering |
12. Having completed |
|
13. had not hurt |
14. have been put |
|
15. reading |
16. would have been understood |
|
17. renovating |
18. changed |
|
19. to cut |
20. crying |
Section III: Error-detection (10 points)
|
21. [A] |
22. [C] |
|
23. [C] |
24. [A] |
|
25. [B] |
26. [E] |
|
27. [B] |
28. [A] |
|
29. [E] |
30. [D] |
Section IV: Cloze Test (10 points)
|
31. [B] |
32. [D] |
33. [A] |
34. [C] |
35. [C] |
|
36. [A] |
37. [D] |
38. [B] |
39. [C] |
40. [D] |
Section V: Reading Comprehension (10 points)
|
41. [C] |
42. [B] |
43. [B] |
44. [A] |
45. [B] |
Section VI: Structure and Vocabulary (10 points)
|
46. [D] |
47. [B] |
48. [B] |
49. [A] |
50. [A] |
|
51. [D] |
52. [C] |
53. [B] |
54. [C] |
55. [B] |
Section VII: Chinese-English Translation (15 points)
56. We do not agree with what he has just said.
57. The students did not understand the meaning of the sentence until the teacher had explained it a second time.
58. We are very glad that he has fulfilled the task in time.
59. We are interested in the way he solved the problems.
60. Although we import some new techniques and equipment, we will rely mainly on ourselves to realize the four modernizations.
Section VIII: English-Chinese Translation (25 points)
(1)
讓我們假設(shè)你處在家長(zhǎng)的地位。你會(huì)允許你的孩子們隨便讀他們想讀的書(shū)而不首先查一下內(nèi)容嗎？你會(huì)隨便帶你的孩子去看電影而不首先搞清楚這部片子對(duì)他們是否合適嗎？假如你對(duì)這些問(wèn)題的回答是“是”的話(huà)，那你簡(jiǎn)直就是不負(fù)責(zé)任。如果你回答“否”，那你就是在運(yùn)用你家長(zhǎng)的權(quán)利來(lái)保護(hù)你的孩子，使他們免受你認(rèn)為不良的影響。換句話(huà)話(huà)，你在作為檢查者時(shí)已經(jīng)認(rèn)定實(shí)行審查很有必要。
當(dāng)然，你會(huì)說(shuō)審查對(duì)兒童而言是一回事，但對(duì)成人卻是另一回事。兒童需要保護(hù)，提供這種保護(hù)是父母的責(zé)任。但是成年人又如何呢？難道他們還不夠成熟以判斷哪些東西對(duì)他們有益嗎？回答是許多成年人是能做到的。不過(guò)千萬(wàn)別誤認(rèn)為所有的成年人都象你自己一樣。審查是為了整個(gè)社會(huì)的利益。它象法律一樣維護(hù)公眾利益。
有些人認(rèn)為審查員干涉文藝作品是不光彩的事?？墒俏覀円斡浰偷綄彶閱T面前的大量書(shū)刊、戲劇和電影遠(yuǎn)非“杰作”。
當(dāng)審查法放寬時(shí)，招搖撞騙之徒就會(huì)有機(jī)可乘在“藝術(shù)”的幌子下什么樣的東西都會(huì)炮制出來(lái)。審查工作的大事之一就是防止某些人靠腐蝕別人的思想以謀取厚利。主張絕對(duì)自由就是主張無(wú)政府狀態(tài)。如果社會(huì)得到正確審查制度的保護(hù)一定會(huì)變得更好。
(2)
太陽(yáng)既然有足夠的能量使整個(gè)地球變得溫暖和明亮，它必定也有足夠的能量做出其他的事。我們是否能利用太陽(yáng)豐富的能源來(lái)發(fā)電，或至少是用它來(lái)做電力或別種動(dòng)力通常要做的事？回答是肯定的。
例如，多年來(lái)人們一直在利用反射太陽(yáng)光的熱量來(lái)燒煮食物。太陽(yáng)爐是用幾面曲面鏡反射陽(yáng)光并將其熱量聚焦于炊具上制成的。這種裝置可以象煤氣爐或電爐一樣使用；制造成本雖然較高，但它不需用燃料，因而使用就不必花錢(qián)。太陽(yáng)能的另一個(gè)可能性是取暖。
我們用得最多的能的形式是電。而且用量與日俱增。但是電也需要生產(chǎn)，要生產(chǎn)電就需要大量燃料，如石油、煤、可燃?xì)猓F(xiàn)在甚至用鈾作燃料。
今天人人都擔(dān)心的問(wèn)題是：這些燃料能維持多久？誰(shuí)也無(wú)法確知，但是大多數(shù)專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為不需太久就難以靠這些來(lái)源提供充足的電力了。太陽(yáng)倒有可能在這方面作出一定的貢獻(xiàn)。
太陽(yáng)能已被用來(lái)提供極高的溫度。在法國(guó)南部已經(jīng)建造了一座太陽(yáng)爐，供熱可高達(dá)攝氏3000度以上。這座太陽(yáng)爐目前只用于實(shí)驗(yàn)工作，但是有可能給發(fā)電站提供蒸汽。
所以在不久的將來(lái)，我們有可能依靠太陽(yáng)爐和太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電站來(lái)提供我們對(duì)電力的需要?；蛟S家家戶(hù)戶(hù)都將用太陽(yáng)能來(lái)提供照明和加熱用的電力。