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課文詳注 Further notes on the text
1.to drive in heavy traffic, 在車(chē)輛擁擠的路上駕駛。
heavy在這里表示“大量的”、“多的”、“密集的”：
Traffic is heavier on this road than on the other one.
這條路上的交通比另一條路上擁擠。
2.…I began to acquire confidence.……我開(kāi)始有了信心。
acquire通常表示通過(guò)努力“獲得”、“學(xué)到(知識(shí)、技術(shù)、語(yǔ)言等)”，也可用來(lái)表示“養(yǎng)成(習(xí)慣等)”：
Mary acquired a good knowledge of Chinese in five years' time.
5年之內(nèi)瑪麗學(xué)會(huì)了漢語(yǔ)。
Tom acquired a habit of smoking.
湯姆養(yǎng)成了抽煙的習(xí)慣。
3.Sure that I had passed…確信我已通過(guò)考試……
句首省略了分詞being或feeling，在句中作狀語(yǔ)(與分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)的情況類(lèi)似)：
Interested in the story, he finished reading the book in two hours.
由于對(duì)故事(情節(jié))感興趣，他兩個(gè)小時(shí)就把那本書(shū)讀完了。
4.The examiner must have been pleased with my
performance…主考人對(duì)我的駕駛想必是滿意的……
must have been表示對(duì)過(guò)去的事情進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。
performance在這里表示“表現(xiàn)”、“表演”、“工作情況”等。(cf.第13課詞匯學(xué)習(xí))表示“對(duì)……滿意”時(shí)可以用be pleased with：
They are pleased with his work.
他們對(duì)他的工作滿意。
The manager isn't very pleased with his secretary.
經(jīng)理對(duì)他的秘書(shū)不太滿意。
5.Let us suppose that…讓我們假設(shè)……
suppose表示“假設(shè)”、“設(shè)定”時(shí)經(jīng)常用于“l(fā)et us suppose that”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)：
Let us suppose that there is a forest fire.
讓我們假設(shè)發(fā)生了森林火災(zāi)。
6.in a mournful voice, 以悲傷的聲調(diào)。
in a… voice 表示“以……的聲調(diào)”：
He told them the news in a sad/ excited voice.
他用悲傷的/激動(dòng)的聲調(diào)把這消息告訴了他們。
語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(6)
(1)在第10課、第21課、第34課、第45課與第58課的語(yǔ)法中，我們學(xué)習(xí)了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本形式、它與情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的連用、它在動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中的使用以及它在過(guò)去完成時(shí)中的使用：
Recently it was damaged by a visitor.
近它被一個(gè)客人弄壞了。(一般過(guò)去時(shí))
Passing planes can be heard night and day.
過(guò)往飛機(jī)日夜不絕于耳。(與情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞連用)
Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the
noise.
有一百多人肯定是被噪音逼得已經(jīng)棄家遠(yuǎn)去。(must與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的完成式連用)
The bicycle was being sent to his home by train.
人們正用火車(chē)給他把自行車(chē)送回家。(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用于過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí))
He never expected the thief to be arrested.
他從未指望那小偷能被逮著。(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用于復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中)
The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost.
整個(gè)村子很快知道，有一大筆錢(qián)丟失了。(用于過(guò)去完成時(shí))
(2)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)還可以用于介詞+動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)中。介詞(after, before,
on)+動(dòng)名詞這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)通常相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中有一個(gè)在另一個(gè)開(kāi)始之前已經(jīng)完成，則可以用
after+動(dòng)名詞的完成式表示第1個(gè)動(dòng)作;如果只表示先后順序，則可用after(或 before)+動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu);
on+動(dòng)名詞通常表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生：
After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire
confidence.
在接到把車(chē)開(kāi)出城的指令后，我開(kāi)始有了信心。
The man called the police after being robbed.
那人遭搶劫后給警方打了電話。
He killed a child before being arrested.
他在被捕前殺死了一個(gè)孩子。
On/After being told that her mother was seriously ill, she hurried back to
England.
她得知母親病重后連忙回到英國(guó)。
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用于介詞+動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)在英語(yǔ)中是很正式的用法，一般不用于口語(yǔ)中。
(3)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用于 want后面的不定式中時(shí)，to be可以省略：
I want the luggage fetched from the hotel this afternoon.
我希望有人今天下午去把行李從旅館取回來(lái)。
want后跟被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)往往表示希望別人完成所說(shuō)的動(dòng)作。
(4)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)還可用于過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，以強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性：
I 'd like to ask a few questions about your latest film.
我想就您近拍的電影問(wèn)幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。
Not again! I was being asked about the film all day yesterday!
又來(lái)了!昨天一整天都有人問(wèn)我這電影的事!
課文詳注 Further notes on the text
1.to drive in heavy traffic, 在車(chē)輛擁擠的路上駕駛。
heavy在這里表示“大量的”、“多的”、“密集的”：
Traffic is heavier on this road than on the other one.
這條路上的交通比另一條路上擁擠。
2.…I began to acquire confidence.……我開(kāi)始有了信心。
acquire通常表示通過(guò)努力“獲得”、“學(xué)到(知識(shí)、技術(shù)、語(yǔ)言等)”，也可用來(lái)表示“養(yǎng)成(習(xí)慣等)”：
Mary acquired a good knowledge of Chinese in five years' time.
5年之內(nèi)瑪麗學(xué)會(huì)了漢語(yǔ)。
Tom acquired a habit of smoking.
湯姆養(yǎng)成了抽煙的習(xí)慣。
3.Sure that I had passed…確信我已通過(guò)考試……
句首省略了分詞being或feeling，在句中作狀語(yǔ)(與分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)的情況類(lèi)似)：
Interested in the story, he finished reading the book in two hours.
由于對(duì)故事(情節(jié))感興趣，他兩個(gè)小時(shí)就把那本書(shū)讀完了。
4.The examiner must have been pleased with my
performance…主考人對(duì)我的駕駛想必是滿意的……
must have been表示對(duì)過(guò)去的事情進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。
performance在這里表示“表現(xiàn)”、“表演”、“工作情況”等。(cf.第13課詞匯學(xué)習(xí))表示“對(duì)……滿意”時(shí)可以用be pleased with：
They are pleased with his work.
他們對(duì)他的工作滿意。
The manager isn't very pleased with his secretary.
經(jīng)理對(duì)他的秘書(shū)不太滿意。
5.Let us suppose that…讓我們假設(shè)……
suppose表示“假設(shè)”、“設(shè)定”時(shí)經(jīng)常用于“l(fā)et us suppose that”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)：
Let us suppose that there is a forest fire.
讓我們假設(shè)發(fā)生了森林火災(zāi)。
6.in a mournful voice, 以悲傷的聲調(diào)。
in a… voice 表示“以……的聲調(diào)”：
He told them the news in a sad/ excited voice.
他用悲傷的/激動(dòng)的聲調(diào)把這消息告訴了他們。
語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(6)
(1)在第10課、第21課、第34課、第45課與第58課的語(yǔ)法中，我們學(xué)習(xí)了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本形式、它與情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的連用、它在動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中的使用以及它在過(guò)去完成時(shí)中的使用：
Recently it was damaged by a visitor.
近它被一個(gè)客人弄壞了。(一般過(guò)去時(shí))
Passing planes can be heard night and day.
過(guò)往飛機(jī)日夜不絕于耳。(與情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞連用)
Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the
noise.
有一百多人肯定是被噪音逼得已經(jīng)棄家遠(yuǎn)去。(must與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的完成式連用)
The bicycle was being sent to his home by train.
人們正用火車(chē)給他把自行車(chē)送回家。(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用于過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí))
He never expected the thief to be arrested.
他從未指望那小偷能被逮著。(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用于復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中)
The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost.
整個(gè)村子很快知道，有一大筆錢(qián)丟失了。(用于過(guò)去完成時(shí))
(2)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)還可以用于介詞+動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)中。介詞(after, before,
on)+動(dòng)名詞這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)通常相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中有一個(gè)在另一個(gè)開(kāi)始之前已經(jīng)完成，則可以用
after+動(dòng)名詞的完成式表示第1個(gè)動(dòng)作;如果只表示先后順序，則可用after(或 before)+動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu);
on+動(dòng)名詞通常表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生：
After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire
confidence.
在接到把車(chē)開(kāi)出城的指令后，我開(kāi)始有了信心。
The man called the police after being robbed.
那人遭搶劫后給警方打了電話。
He killed a child before being arrested.
他在被捕前殺死了一個(gè)孩子。
On/After being told that her mother was seriously ill, she hurried back to
England.
她得知母親病重后連忙回到英國(guó)。
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用于介詞+動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)在英語(yǔ)中是很正式的用法，一般不用于口語(yǔ)中。
(3)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用于 want后面的不定式中時(shí)，to be可以省略：
I want the luggage fetched from the hotel this afternoon.
我希望有人今天下午去把行李從旅館取回來(lái)。
want后跟被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)往往表示希望別人完成所說(shuō)的動(dòng)作。
(4)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)還可用于過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，以強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性：
I 'd like to ask a few questions about your latest film.
我想就您近拍的電影問(wèn)幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。
Not again! I was being asked about the film all day yesterday!
又來(lái)了!昨天一整天都有人問(wèn)我這電影的事!