這篇關(guān)于虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法與訣竅，是特地為大家整理的，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助！
虛擬語(yǔ)氣(Subjunctive Mood) 這一語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目也是考試中的重點(diǎn)之一。虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的話并不是事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑或推測(cè)。判斷是真實(shí)條件句還是非真實(shí)條件句。只有在非真實(shí)條件句中才使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。通過(guò)句子意思，看假設(shè)的條件是否能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)是真實(shí)條件句，不能使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；假設(shè)的條件不能實(shí)現(xiàn)則是非真實(shí)條件句，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，判斷這個(gè)假設(shè)是與哪個(gè)事實(shí)相反。通常有三種情況：①與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 ②與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 ③與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反。
I: 最基本的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句型:
1. 虛擬現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，其if 從句的謂語(yǔ)形式用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +動(dòng)詞原形。If places were alike, there would be little need for geographers.如果各個(gè)地方都一樣，就不需要地理學(xué)家了。
2. 虛擬過(guò)去時(shí)是表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，if 從句的謂語(yǔ)形式用過(guò)去完成時(shí)即had＋過(guò)去分詞，主句用would / should / could / might + have +過(guò)去分詞。If he had known your address yesterday,he would have telephoned you.
3. 虛擬將來(lái)時(shí)是表示對(duì)將來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很小的或不確定的假設(shè)。If從句的謂語(yǔ)形式用一般過(guò)去式或用were to / should +動(dòng)詞原形，主句用would / should/could/ might +動(dòng)詞原形。If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday
4. 省略if 采用倒裝語(yǔ)序的條件句。有時(shí)可以把含有助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、be或have的虛擬條件句中的連詞if省去，而將had , should, were 等詞提到主語(yǔ)之前，即用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。If he had worked harder, he would have got through the exams.==>Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday.==>Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.If I were in your place, I wouldn’t do that.==>Were I in your place, I wouldn’t do that.
5. 有時(shí)虛擬條件句并沒(méi)用if 從句表示出來(lái)，而是用介詞短語(yǔ)(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式來(lái)表示。如：We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. Without you help, I wouldn’t have achieved so much. But for （“要不是......”的意思）your help, I would not have succeeded.
II: 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在從句中用should的情況:
1. 在表示建議,要求,命令,想法的動(dòng)詞后的從句里, 用should + 動(dòng)詞原形, should 可以省略. 如 advise, agree, command, decide, demand, determine, grant, indicate, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge, vote.?？嫉降氖? suggest, advise, demand, require, propose, insist, order, request.
His doctor suggested that he (should) take short leave of absence.
The author proposed that TV (should) be turned off at least one hour every day.
2. 在表示建議,要求,命令,想法的名詞后的從句里, 用should + 動(dòng)詞原形, should可以省略. 如 advice, decision,agreement, command, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation etc.
It was Bill’s suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.
His suggestion was that everyone (should) have a map.
He gave us a suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.
3. 在It is/was +形容詞后的that 從句中用should的結(jié)構(gòu), should 可以省略. 這類形容詞常見(jiàn)的有: advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(絕對(duì)必要), impossible, improper, important, natural, necessary, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc.
It‘s natural that she (should) do so.
It is essential that we (should) tell her the news.
4. 在 lest 和 for fear that(以免),in case(以防)從句中用should, should 可以省略.
She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates.
Have your gun ready in case we should need it.
III: wish 后的that 從句中:
1. 表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望,從句中過(guò)去式.
I wish I knew his address.
I wish I were young.
2. 表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望, 從句用過(guò)去完成式或would, could, might + have + 過(guò)去分詞.
I wish you had written to him.
I wish I could have slept longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
3. 如果將wish改成wished, 其后that 從句中動(dòng)詞的形式不變.
4. 如果that 從句中用would , 一般表示 對(duì)現(xiàn)狀不滿或希望未來(lái)有所改變或請(qǐng)求
I wish he would answer my letter.
I wish prices would come down.
I wish you would help me.
I wish you would stop asking silly questions.
IV: 在 It’s about/ high/ first(second, third etc)time 后的that從句中,用過(guò)去式.表示“該是做什么的時(shí)候了”
It is about time you were in bed.
It is high time we left.
It is the first time I came here.
V: 在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的that從句中,用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去完成式,表示“寧愿做什么”
I would rather he came tomorrow than today.
John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.
VI: 在if only（“如果....就好了”的意思） 感嘆句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與wish賓語(yǔ)從句的虛擬形式相同。
If only he didn’t drive so fast!(現(xiàn)在)
If only she had asked someone’s advice.(過(guò)去)
If only the rain would stop.(將來(lái))
VII: 在as if / as though 從句中，表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所懷疑用過(guò)去式；表示過(guò)去想象中的動(dòng)作或情況，用過(guò)去完成式。
He speaks as if he were on the spot.
She spoke to me as if I were deaf.
This device operated as though it had been repaired.
注: 1. 在 as if / as though 句中, 如果有可能成為事實(shí), 用陳述語(yǔ)氣.
He looks as if he is going to be ill.
2. 在insist 后的從句中, 如果是堅(jiān)持自己, 用陳述語(yǔ)氣, 堅(jiān)持別人做什么事情, 用虛擬語(yǔ)氣.
She insists that she is right.
She insisted that I should finish the work at once.
虛擬語(yǔ)氣(Subjunctive Mood) 這一語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目也是考試中的重點(diǎn)之一。虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的話并不是事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑或推測(cè)。判斷是真實(shí)條件句還是非真實(shí)條件句。只有在非真實(shí)條件句中才使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。通過(guò)句子意思，看假設(shè)的條件是否能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)是真實(shí)條件句，不能使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；假設(shè)的條件不能實(shí)現(xiàn)則是非真實(shí)條件句，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，判斷這個(gè)假設(shè)是與哪個(gè)事實(shí)相反。通常有三種情況：①與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 ②與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 ③與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反。
I: 最基本的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句型:
1. 虛擬現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，其if 從句的謂語(yǔ)形式用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +動(dòng)詞原形。If places were alike, there would be little need for geographers.如果各個(gè)地方都一樣，就不需要地理學(xué)家了。
2. 虛擬過(guò)去時(shí)是表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，if 從句的謂語(yǔ)形式用過(guò)去完成時(shí)即had＋過(guò)去分詞，主句用would / should / could / might + have +過(guò)去分詞。If he had known your address yesterday,he would have telephoned you.
3. 虛擬將來(lái)時(shí)是表示對(duì)將來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很小的或不確定的假設(shè)。If從句的謂語(yǔ)形式用一般過(guò)去式或用were to / should +動(dòng)詞原形，主句用would / should/could/ might +動(dòng)詞原形。If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday
4. 省略if 采用倒裝語(yǔ)序的條件句。有時(shí)可以把含有助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、be或have的虛擬條件句中的連詞if省去，而將had , should, were 等詞提到主語(yǔ)之前，即用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。If he had worked harder, he would have got through the exams.==>Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday.==>Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.If I were in your place, I wouldn’t do that.==>Were I in your place, I wouldn’t do that.
5. 有時(shí)虛擬條件句并沒(méi)用if 從句表示出來(lái)，而是用介詞短語(yǔ)(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式來(lái)表示。如：We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. Without you help, I wouldn’t have achieved so much. But for （“要不是......”的意思）your help, I would not have succeeded.
II: 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在從句中用should的情況:
1. 在表示建議,要求,命令,想法的動(dòng)詞后的從句里, 用should + 動(dòng)詞原形, should 可以省略. 如 advise, agree, command, decide, demand, determine, grant, indicate, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge, vote.?？嫉降氖? suggest, advise, demand, require, propose, insist, order, request.
His doctor suggested that he (should) take short leave of absence.
The author proposed that TV (should) be turned off at least one hour every day.
2. 在表示建議,要求,命令,想法的名詞后的從句里, 用should + 動(dòng)詞原形, should可以省略. 如 advice, decision,agreement, command, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation etc.
It was Bill’s suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.
His suggestion was that everyone (should) have a map.
He gave us a suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.
3. 在It is/was +形容詞后的that 從句中用should的結(jié)構(gòu), should 可以省略. 這類形容詞常見(jiàn)的有: advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(絕對(duì)必要), impossible, improper, important, natural, necessary, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc.
It‘s natural that she (should) do so.
It is essential that we (should) tell her the news.
4. 在 lest 和 for fear that(以免),in case(以防)從句中用should, should 可以省略.
She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates.
Have your gun ready in case we should need it.
III: wish 后的that 從句中:
1. 表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望,從句中過(guò)去式.
I wish I knew his address.
I wish I were young.
2. 表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望, 從句用過(guò)去完成式或would, could, might + have + 過(guò)去分詞.
I wish you had written to him.
I wish I could have slept longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
3. 如果將wish改成wished, 其后that 從句中動(dòng)詞的形式不變.
4. 如果that 從句中用would , 一般表示 對(duì)現(xiàn)狀不滿或希望未來(lái)有所改變或請(qǐng)求
I wish he would answer my letter.
I wish prices would come down.
I wish you would help me.
I wish you would stop asking silly questions.
IV: 在 It’s about/ high/ first(second, third etc)time 后的that從句中,用過(guò)去式.表示“該是做什么的時(shí)候了”
It is about time you were in bed.
It is high time we left.
It is the first time I came here.
V: 在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的that從句中,用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去完成式,表示“寧愿做什么”
I would rather he came tomorrow than today.
John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.
VI: 在if only（“如果....就好了”的意思） 感嘆句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與wish賓語(yǔ)從句的虛擬形式相同。
If only he didn’t drive so fast!(現(xiàn)在)
If only she had asked someone’s advice.(過(guò)去)
If only the rain would stop.(將來(lái))
VII: 在as if / as though 從句中，表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所懷疑用過(guò)去式；表示過(guò)去想象中的動(dòng)作或情況，用過(guò)去完成式。
He speaks as if he were on the spot.
She spoke to me as if I were deaf.
This device operated as though it had been repaired.
注: 1. 在 as if / as though 句中, 如果有可能成為事實(shí), 用陳述語(yǔ)氣.
He looks as if he is going to be ill.
2. 在insist 后的從句中, 如果是堅(jiān)持自己, 用陳述語(yǔ)氣, 堅(jiān)持別人做什么事情, 用虛擬語(yǔ)氣.
She insists that she is right.
She insisted that I should finish the work at once.