日前，美國教育考試服務(wù)中心（ETS）宣布將在2011年8月推出經(jīng)過改革后的新GRE常規(guī)測試。新GRE常規(guī)測試是ETS在美國研究生院為代表的教育界的指導(dǎo)下，經(jīng)多年研究而完成的，是GRE實施60年來為重要的變革。培訓(xùn)高分學(xué)員多的北京新東方學(xué)校國外部GRE教學(xué)專家在第一時間剖析了新GRE考試變化并本著對考生負責(zé)的態(tài)度，以快的速度推出本系列文章，以使考生能夠從容地應(yīng)對GRE的變革。
依據(jù)GRE出題機構(gòu)ETS發(fā)布的信息，新的GRE考試將在2010年推出，其中在題型上作了很大調(diào)整，單獨的詞匯即類比反義詞部分取消了。而保留下來部分中，填空部分變化大。下面就變化和策略等相關(guān)情況作一個論述。
（一）新舊題型差異
從信息來看，考試作了較大的調(diào)整。
如下表：
特點
舊題型
新題型
考試內(nèi)容
單個句子 1-2個空格 5選1
題型一：段落 段落題目1-N（數(shù)）個空格 3選1題型二：單個句子 單句題目1-2空格 6選2
得分難度
選擇正確答案 難度主要來自對單詞理解和邏輯的分析
段落題目要將所有空格填完并且完全正確才得分 單句題目要兩個選項都入選才正確
（二）變與不變的辯證 如表所示：新考題在形式上是做了較大的調(diào)整。題干、選項、還是計分原則都有變化。但是，如果剝離這些表面東西后，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)其實核心的東西沒有任何變化——GRE依舊是一個以句子、段落為載體的邏輯考試。 就題目而言，樣題的題目就有幾個題目是我們明確知道出處的。SampleTextCompletionQuestions第4題就是來自92國內(nèi)題目；而SampleSentenceEquivalenceQuestions第2題就是no9的題目。答案都一樣，只是在干擾選項上做了一點調(diào)整（具體見樣題分析）。 換句話說，就是形式作了一點微調(diào)，核心東西都沒有變化。 ?。ㄈ﹤淇疾呗哉{(diào)整 那么，對于廣大考生來講。備考中對于這些細節(jié)應(yīng)該怎樣看待呢？或者說，應(yīng)該在具體復(fù)習(xí)和解題操作上作出哪些調(diào)整，才能在少的時間內(nèi)，盡快將這個變化適應(yīng)過來呢？ 1．背誦并深刻理解紅寶上填空部分單詞。并按照考試新要求，自己嘗試作類別詞匯收集。來源：考試大 2．踏實提高 英語水平，充分重視長句，難句閱讀能力提升。 3．認真研究過去考題。沒有必要覺得考試改革了，將舊題完全否定，相反，我覺得應(yīng)該把舊題更加積極利用起來。不僅僅是消極做題，還要按照從樣題來的思路模擬ETS思路，看這些題目可以怎樣改進成為新題。題干可以做哪些調(diào)整，題目單詞可以加入哪些做替換。倘能如此，何愁GRE不克。 ?。ㄋ模〨RE 樣題分析 Text Completion Questions 段落完成問題（段落完型填空） Text Completion questions include a passage composed of one to five sentences with one to three blanks. There are three answer choices per blank, or five answer choices if there is a single blank. There is a single correct answer, consisting of one choice for each blank. The examinee receives no credit for partially correct answers. 段落完型部分包括一個段落含有1至5個問題，每個問題有1至3個空格。每個空格（空格數(shù)量在兩個以上）有3個備選答案，而對于空格數(shù)量者則有5個備選答案。每空只有一個正確答案?？忌挥袑⑺写鸢缸鰧υ擃}才得分，即：空格在兩個以上者不分開計分。 Sample Text Completion Questions 段落完型樣題Directions:For each blank select one entry from the corresponding column of choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text. 答題指令：請在每個空格相應(yīng)的欄目中選取能好完善短文的備選答案。 1. It is refreshing to read a book about our planet by an author who does not allow facts to be (1)__________ by politics: well aware of the political disputes about the effects of human activities on climate and biodiversity, this author does not permit them to (2)__________ his comprehensive description of what we know about our biosphere. He emphasizes the enormous gaps in our knowledge, the sparseness of our observations, and the (3)__________, calling attention to the many aspects of planetary evolution that must be better understood before we can accurately diagnose the condition of our planet.
Blank (1) Blank(2) Blank (3) overshadowed enhance plausibility of our hypotheses invalidated obscure certainty of our entitlement illuminated underscore superficiality of our theories Answer choices for question 1.
Answer: overshadowed,obscure, andsuperficiality of our theories 第一空線索： 讀某本書能帶來refreshing效果，則表明這本書作者寫作的效果就是有讓我們refreshing的效果或者預(yù)期。所以，他“does not allow facts to be (1)__________ by politics”不會讓政治“politics”對這本書作什么作用呢？當然是不會讓政治使其破壞這本書“refreshing”的特點。則，第一空從正負就可以將illuminated排除。具體選擇“overshadowed”“invalidated”還要參看第二空。 第二空線索： 第二空線索說作者不允許them怎樣。往前尋找them指代，很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)：them就是politics。這樣一來，馬上可以看到這樣的重復(fù)： an author who does not allow facts to be (1)__________ by politics = this author does not permit them to (2)__________ 都是說作者不允許政治對書做怎樣的動作。則兩空是同義重復(fù)。又由于第一空推出動作是負面的。故兩空都是負面的。則第二空是obscure, 而第一空也就只能是overshadow。
第三空線索：考試大－全國大教育類網(wǎng)站(www．Examda。com) 實際上是三個并列重復(fù)，同時和一個分詞構(gòu)成手段和目的重復(fù)。 He emphasizes the enormous gaps in our knowledge, the sparseness of our observations, and the (3)__________, calling attention to the many aspects of planetary evolution that must be better understood 即：本文來源:考試大網(wǎng) the enormous gaps in our knowledge, =the sparseness of our observations, =（and） the (3)__________, =calling attention to the many aspects of planetary evolution that must be better understood 可以推斷空格應(yīng)該填寫一個負面評價。 2. Vain and prone to violence, Caravaggio could not handle success: the more his (1)__________ as an artist increased, the more (2)__________ his life became.
Blank (1) Blank (2) temperance tumultuous notoriety providential eminence dispassionate Answer choices for question 2. Answer choices for question 2. Answer: eminenceandtumultuous 句子很簡單，邏輯也很清晰。冒號引出解釋關(guān)系。已知部分說Caravaggio具有如下特點：Vain（1） and prone to violence（2），could not handle success（3）；則后面也要重復(fù)這兩個特點。則后面the more …, the more所引導(dǎo)的內(nèi)容也應(yīng)該是重復(fù)這兩個特點。兩空都應(yīng)該是負面詞匯且重復(fù)Vain（1） ， prone to violence（2），could not handle success（3）。則答案就是eminence（-）=tumultuous（-）。 一個人虛榮，行為易傾向于狂暴，不能善待自己的成功；則越成功越易瘋狂激動。 3. The author's (1)__________ style renders a fascinating subject, the role played by luck in everyday life, extraordinarily (2)__________. Blank (1) Blank (2) soporific pedantic lucid tedious colloquial opaque Answer choices for question 3. Answer: soporificandtedious 第一空線索：作者怎樣風(fēng)格描繪了主體。插入語描述主體特點是the role played by luck in everyday life。 第二空線索：評價作者對subject描述具有怎樣特點。應(yīng)該和第一空呼應(yīng)。即兩空是同義詞。 即是soporific=tedious。 4. From the outset, the concept of freedom of the seas from the proprietary claims of nations was challenged by a contrary notion — that of the _______ of the oceans for reasons of national security and profit. promotion exploration surveying conservation appropriation Answer choices for question 4.
Answer: appropriation 句子來自92國內(nèi)題目。但是選項不同。 A promotion B exploration C surviving D conservation E enclosure （1）主干是：the concept … was challenged by a contrary notion；即：the concept <> notion （2）由“of”引出的“the concept”的具體內(nèi)容：freedom of the seas from the proprietary claims of nations，海洋獨立于國家所有權(quán)。則notion 應(yīng)該說：海洋應(yīng)該隸屬國家所有權(quán)。 所以答案就是appropriation。和原來題目相比，不過就是把單詞替換了一下。由此可見，這個改革貌似也不過如此，沒有什么技術(shù)含量。 Sentence Equivalence Questions句子平衡問題 Sentence Equivalence questions consist of a single sentence, one blank, and six answer choices. These questions require the examinee to select two of the answer choices. The examinee receives no credit for partially correct answers. 句子平衡問題包含一個句子，一個空格，6個選項。要求考生在其中選出2個答案。只選出一個答案不得分。 Sample Sentence Equivalence Questions 句子平衡問題樣題 Directions:Select thetwoanswer choices that, when used to complete the sentence, fit the meaning of the sentence as a wholeand 答題指令：選擇 1. Although it does contain some pioneering ideas, one would hardly characterize the work as __________. A. orthodox B. eccentric C. original D. trifling E. conventional F. innovative Answer: C and F 句子很簡單。“although”引出一個轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系邏輯。前面說有一些“pioneering ideas”，后面則應(yīng)該否定“pioneering ideas”。否定已經(jīng)由hardly表達出來。所以空格應(yīng)該填寫“pioneering ideas”。答案即是C、F。 2. The corporation expects only _______ increases in sales next year despite a yearlong effort to revive its retailing business. A. dynamic B. predictable C. expanding D. modest E. slight F. volatile來源：考試大 Answer: D and E “despite”引出相反邏輯重復(fù)。后面說這個公司準備了很久了。正常情況下應(yīng)該是很大的經(jīng)濟增長。轉(zhuǎn)折后說增長很少即可。答案就是D&E。 題目來自no 9的題目。同樣將選項單詞做了一下變化。其中答案單詞modest沒替換，還加入了同義單詞slight。原題目如下： The corporation expects only __ increases in sales next year despite a yearlong effort to revive its retailing business. A unquestionable B sequential C modest D exaggerated E groundless
（二）變與不變的辯證 如表所示：新考題在形式上是做了較大的調(diào)整。題干、選項、還是計分原則都有變化。但是，如果剝離這些表面東西后，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)其實核心的東西沒有任何變化——GRE依舊是一個以句子、段落為載體的邏輯考試。 就題目而言，樣題的題目就有幾個題目是我們明確知道出處的。SampleTextCompletionQuestions第4題就是來自92國內(nèi)題目；而SampleSentenceEquivalenceQuestions第2題就是no9的題目。答案都一樣，只是在干擾選項上做了一點調(diào)整（具體見樣題分析）。 換句話說，就是形式作了一點微調(diào)，核心東西都沒有變化。 ?。ㄈ﹤淇疾呗哉{(diào)整 那么，對于廣大考生來講。備考中對于這些細節(jié)應(yīng)該怎樣看待呢？或者說，應(yīng)該在具體復(fù)習(xí)和解題操作上作出哪些調(diào)整，才能在少的時間內(nèi)，盡快將這個變化適應(yīng)過來呢？ 1．背誦并深刻理解紅寶上填空部分單詞。并按照考試新要求，自己嘗試作類別詞匯收集。來源：考試大 2．踏實提高 英語水平，充分重視長句，難句閱讀能力提升。 3．認真研究過去考題。沒有必要覺得考試改革了，將舊題完全否定，相反，我覺得應(yīng)該把舊題更加積極利用起來。不僅僅是消極做題，還要按照從樣題來的思路模擬ETS思路，看這些題目可以怎樣改進成為新題。題干可以做哪些調(diào)整，題目單詞可以加入哪些做替換。倘能如此，何愁GRE不克。 ?。ㄋ模〨RE 樣題分析 Text Completion Questions 段落完成問題（段落完型填空） Text Completion questions include a passage composed of one to five sentences with one to three blanks. There are three answer choices per blank, or five answer choices if there is a single blank. There is a single correct answer, consisting of one choice for each blank. The examinee receives no credit for partially correct answers. 段落完型部分包括一個段落含有1至5個問題，每個問題有1至3個空格。每個空格（空格數(shù)量在兩個以上）有3個備選答案，而對于空格數(shù)量者則有5個備選答案。每空只有一個正確答案?？忌挥袑⑺写鸢缸鰧υ擃}才得分，即：空格在兩個以上者不分開計分。 Sample Text Completion Questions 段落完型樣題Directions:For each blank select one entry from the corresponding column of choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text. 答題指令：請在每個空格相應(yīng)的欄目中選取能好完善短文的備選答案。 1. It is refreshing to read a book about our planet by an author who does not allow facts to be (1)__________ by politics: well aware of the political disputes about the effects of human activities on climate and biodiversity, this author does not permit them to (2)__________ his comprehensive description of what we know about our biosphere. He emphasizes the enormous gaps in our knowledge, the sparseness of our observations, and the (3)__________, calling attention to the many aspects of planetary evolution that must be better understood before we can accurately diagnose the condition of our planet.
Blank (1) Blank(2) Blank (3) overshadowed enhance plausibility of our hypotheses invalidated obscure certainty of our entitlement illuminated underscore superficiality of our theories Answer choices for question 1.
Answer: overshadowed,obscure, andsuperficiality of our theories 第一空線索： 讀某本書能帶來refreshing效果，則表明這本書作者寫作的效果就是有讓我們refreshing的效果或者預(yù)期。所以，他“does not allow facts to be (1)__________ by politics”不會讓政治“politics”對這本書作什么作用呢？當然是不會讓政治使其破壞這本書“refreshing”的特點。則，第一空從正負就可以將illuminated排除。具體選擇“overshadowed”“invalidated”還要參看第二空。 第二空線索： 第二空線索說作者不允許them怎樣。往前尋找them指代，很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)：them就是politics。這樣一來，馬上可以看到這樣的重復(fù)： an author who does not allow facts to be (1)__________ by politics = this author does not permit them to (2)__________ 都是說作者不允許政治對書做怎樣的動作。則兩空是同義重復(fù)。又由于第一空推出動作是負面的。故兩空都是負面的。則第二空是obscure, 而第一空也就只能是overshadow。
第三空線索：考試大－全國大教育類網(wǎng)站(www．Examda。com) 實際上是三個并列重復(fù)，同時和一個分詞構(gòu)成手段和目的重復(fù)。 He emphasizes the enormous gaps in our knowledge, the sparseness of our observations, and the (3)__________, calling attention to the many aspects of planetary evolution that must be better understood 即：本文來源:考試大網(wǎng) the enormous gaps in our knowledge, =the sparseness of our observations, =（and） the (3)__________, =calling attention to the many aspects of planetary evolution that must be better understood 可以推斷空格應(yīng)該填寫一個負面評價。 2. Vain and prone to violence, Caravaggio could not handle success: the more his (1)__________ as an artist increased, the more (2)__________ his life became.
Blank (1) Blank (2) temperance tumultuous notoriety providential eminence dispassionate Answer choices for question 2. Answer choices for question 2. Answer: eminenceandtumultuous 句子很簡單，邏輯也很清晰。冒號引出解釋關(guān)系。已知部分說Caravaggio具有如下特點：Vain（1） and prone to violence（2），could not handle success（3）；則后面也要重復(fù)這兩個特點。則后面the more …, the more所引導(dǎo)的內(nèi)容也應(yīng)該是重復(fù)這兩個特點。兩空都應(yīng)該是負面詞匯且重復(fù)Vain（1） ， prone to violence（2），could not handle success（3）。則答案就是eminence（-）=tumultuous（-）。 一個人虛榮，行為易傾向于狂暴，不能善待自己的成功；則越成功越易瘋狂激動。 3. The author's (1)__________ style renders a fascinating subject, the role played by luck in everyday life, extraordinarily (2)__________. Blank (1) Blank (2) soporific pedantic lucid tedious colloquial opaque Answer choices for question 3. Answer: soporificandtedious 第一空線索：作者怎樣風(fēng)格描繪了主體。插入語描述主體特點是the role played by luck in everyday life。 第二空線索：評價作者對subject描述具有怎樣特點。應(yīng)該和第一空呼應(yīng)。即兩空是同義詞。 即是soporific=tedious。 4. From the outset, the concept of freedom of the seas from the proprietary claims of nations was challenged by a contrary notion — that of the _______ of the oceans for reasons of national security and profit. promotion exploration surveying conservation appropriation Answer choices for question 4.
Answer: appropriation 句子來自92國內(nèi)題目。但是選項不同。 A promotion B exploration C surviving D conservation E enclosure （1）主干是：the concept … was challenged by a contrary notion；即：the concept <> notion （2）由“of”引出的“the concept”的具體內(nèi)容：freedom of the seas from the proprietary claims of nations，海洋獨立于國家所有權(quán)。則notion 應(yīng)該說：海洋應(yīng)該隸屬國家所有權(quán)。 所以答案就是appropriation。和原來題目相比，不過就是把單詞替換了一下。由此可見，這個改革貌似也不過如此，沒有什么技術(shù)含量。 Sentence Equivalence Questions句子平衡問題 Sentence Equivalence questions consist of a single sentence, one blank, and six answer choices. These questions require the examinee to select two of the answer choices. The examinee receives no credit for partially correct answers. 句子平衡問題包含一個句子，一個空格，6個選項。要求考生在其中選出2個答案。只選出一個答案不得分。 Sample Sentence Equivalence Questions 句子平衡問題樣題 Directions:Select thetwoanswer choices that, when used to complete the sentence, fit the meaning of the sentence as a wholeand 答題指令：選擇 1. Although it does contain some pioneering ideas, one would hardly characterize the work as __________. A. orthodox B. eccentric C. original D. trifling E. conventional F. innovative Answer: C and F 句子很簡單。“although”引出一個轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系邏輯。前面說有一些“pioneering ideas”，后面則應(yīng)該否定“pioneering ideas”。否定已經(jīng)由hardly表達出來。所以空格應(yīng)該填寫“pioneering ideas”。答案即是C、F。 2. The corporation expects only _______ increases in sales next year despite a yearlong effort to revive its retailing business. A. dynamic B. predictable C. expanding D. modest E. slight F. volatile來源：考試大 Answer: D and E “despite”引出相反邏輯重復(fù)。后面說這個公司準備了很久了。正常情況下應(yīng)該是很大的經(jīng)濟增長。轉(zhuǎn)折后說增長很少即可。答案就是D&E。 題目來自no 9的題目。同樣將選項單詞做了一下變化。其中答案單詞modest沒替換，還加入了同義單詞slight。原題目如下： The corporation expects only __ increases in sales next year despite a yearlong effort to revive its retailing business. A unquestionable B sequential C modest D exaggerated E groundless