日前，美國(guó)教育考試服務(wù)中心（ETS）宣布將在2011年8月推出經(jīng)過(guò)改革后的新GRE常規(guī)測(cè)試。新GRE常規(guī)測(cè)試是ETS在美國(guó)研究生院為代表的教育界的指導(dǎo)下，經(jīng)多年研究而完成的，是GRE實(shí)施60年來(lái)為重要的變革。培訓(xùn)高分學(xué)員多的北京新東方學(xué)校國(guó)外部GRE教學(xué)專(zhuān)家在第一時(shí)間剖析了新GRE考試變化并本著對(duì)考生負(fù)責(zé)的態(tài)度，以快的速度推出本系列文章，以使考生能夠從容地應(yīng)對(duì)GRE的變革。
依據(jù)GRE出題機(jī)構(gòu)ETS發(fā)布的信息，新的GRE考試將在2010年推出，其中在題型上作了很大調(diào)整，單獨(dú)的詞匯即類(lèi)比反義詞部分取消了。而保留下來(lái)部分中，填空部分變化大。下面就變化和策略等相關(guān)情況作一個(gè)論述。
?。ㄒ唬┬屡f題型差異
從信息來(lái)看，考試作了較大的調(diào)整。
如下表：
特點(diǎn)
舊題型
新題型
考試內(nèi)容
單個(gè)句子 1-2個(gè)空格 5選1
題型一：段落 段落題目1-N（數(shù)）個(gè)空格 3選1題型二：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)句子 單句題目1-2空格 6選2
得分難度
選擇正確答案 難度主要來(lái)自對(duì)單詞理解和邏輯的分析
段落題目要將所有空格填完并且完全正確才得分 單句題目要兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)都入選才正確
（二）變與不變的辯證 如表所示：新考題在形式上是做了較大的調(diào)整。題干、選項(xiàng)、還是計(jì)分原則都有變化。但是，如果剝離這些表面東西后，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)核心的東西沒(méi)有任何變化——GRE依舊是一個(gè)以句子、段落為載體的邏輯考試。 就題目而言，樣題的題目就有幾個(gè)題目是我們明確知道出處的。SampleTextCompletionQuestions第4題就是來(lái)自92國(guó)內(nèi)題目；而SampleSentenceEquivalenceQuestions第2題就是no9的題目。答案都一樣，只是在干擾選項(xiàng)上做了一點(diǎn)調(diào)整（具體見(jiàn)樣題分析）。 換句話(huà)說(shuō)，就是形式作了一點(diǎn)微調(diào)，核心東西都沒(méi)有變化。 ?。ㄈ﹤淇疾呗哉{(diào)整 那么，對(duì)于廣大考生來(lái)講。備考中對(duì)于這些細(xì)節(jié)應(yīng)該怎樣看待呢？或者說(shuō)，應(yīng)該在具體復(fù)習(xí)和解題操作上作出哪些調(diào)整，才能在少的時(shí)間內(nèi)，盡快將這個(gè)變化適應(yīng)過(guò)來(lái)呢？ 1．背誦并深刻理解紅寶上填空部分單詞。并按照考試新要求，自己嘗試作類(lèi)別詞匯收集。來(lái)源：考試大 2．踏實(shí)提高 英語(yǔ)水平，充分重視長(zhǎng)句，難句閱讀能力提升。 3．認(rèn)真研究過(guò)去考題。沒(méi)有必要覺(jué)得考試改革了，將舊題完全否定，相反，我覺(jué)得應(yīng)該把舊題更加積極利用起來(lái)。不僅僅是消極做題，還要按照從樣題來(lái)的思路模擬ETS思路，看這些題目可以怎樣改進(jìn)成為新題。題干可以做哪些調(diào)整，題目單詞可以加入哪些做替換。倘能如此，何愁GRE不克。 ?。ㄋ模〨RE 樣題分析 Text Completion Questions 段落完成問(wèn)題（段落完型填空） Text Completion questions include a passage composed of one to five sentences with one to three blanks. There are three answer choices per blank, or five answer choices if there is a single blank. There is a single correct answer, consisting of one choice for each blank. The examinee receives no credit for partially correct answers. 段落完型部分包括一個(gè)段落含有1至5個(gè)問(wèn)題，每個(gè)問(wèn)題有1至3個(gè)空格。每個(gè)空格（空格數(shù)量在兩個(gè)以上）有3個(gè)備選答案，而對(duì)于空格數(shù)量者則有5個(gè)備選答案。每空只有一個(gè)正確答案?？忌挥袑⑺写鸢缸鰧?duì)該題才得分，即：空格在兩個(gè)以上者不分開(kāi)計(jì)分。 Sample Text Completion Questions 段落完型樣題Directions:For each blank select one entry from the corresponding column of choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text. 答題指令：請(qǐng)?jiān)诿總€(gè)空格相應(yīng)的欄目中選取能好完善短文的備選答案。 1. It is refreshing to read a book about our planet by an author who does not allow facts to be (1)__________ by politics: well aware of the political disputes about the effects of human activities on climate and biodiversity, this author does not permit them to (2)__________ his comprehensive description of what we know about our biosphere. He emphasizes the enormous gaps in our knowledge, the sparseness of our observations, and the (3)__________, calling attention to the many aspects of planetary evolution that must be better understood before we can accurately diagnose the condition of our planet.
Blank (1) Blank(2) Blank (3) overshadowed enhance plausibility of our hypotheses invalidated obscure certainty of our entitlement illuminated underscore superficiality of our theories Answer choices for question 1.
Answer: overshadowed,obscure, andsuperficiality of our theories 第一空線(xiàn)索： 讀某本書(shū)能帶來(lái)refreshing效果，則表明這本書(shū)作者寫(xiě)作的效果就是有讓我們r(jià)efreshing的效果或者預(yù)期。所以，他“does not allow facts to be (1)__________ by politics”不會(huì)讓政治“politics”對(duì)這本書(shū)作什么作用呢？當(dāng)然是不會(huì)讓政治使其破壞這本書(shū)“refreshing”的特點(diǎn)。則，第一空從正負(fù)就可以將illuminated排除。具體選擇“overshadowed”“invalidated”還要參看第二空。 第二空線(xiàn)索： 第二空線(xiàn)索說(shuō)作者不允許them怎樣。往前尋找them指代，很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)：them就是politics。這樣一來(lái)，馬上可以看到這樣的重復(fù)： an author who does not allow facts to be (1)__________ by politics = this author does not permit them to (2)__________ 都是說(shuō)作者不允許政治對(duì)書(shū)做怎樣的動(dòng)作。則兩空是同義重復(fù)。又由于第一空推出動(dòng)作是負(fù)面的。故兩空都是負(fù)面的。則第二空是obscure, 而第一空也就只能是overshadow?！?BR> 第三空線(xiàn)索：考試大－全國(guó)大教育類(lèi)網(wǎng)站(www．Examda。com) 實(shí)際上是三個(gè)并列重復(fù)，同時(shí)和一個(gè)分詞構(gòu)成手段和目的重復(fù)。 He emphasizes the enormous gaps in our knowledge, the sparseness of our observations, and the (3)__________, calling attention to the many aspects of planetary evolution that must be better understood 即：本文來(lái)源:考試大網(wǎng) the enormous gaps in our knowledge, =the sparseness of our observations, =（and） the (3)__________, =calling attention to the many aspects of planetary evolution that must be better understood 可以推斷空格應(yīng)該填寫(xiě)一個(gè)負(fù)面評(píng)價(jià)。 2. Vain and prone to violence, Caravaggio could not handle success: the more his (1)__________ as an artist increased, the more (2)__________ his life became.
Blank (1) Blank (2) temperance tumultuous notoriety providential eminence dispassionate Answer choices for question 2. Answer choices for question 2. Answer: eminenceandtumultuous 句子很簡(jiǎn)單，邏輯也很清晰。冒號(hào)引出解釋關(guān)系。已知部分說(shuō)Caravaggio具有如下特點(diǎn)：Vain（1） and prone to violence（2），could not handle success（3）；則后面也要重復(fù)這兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)。則后面the more …, the more所引導(dǎo)的內(nèi)容也應(yīng)該是重復(fù)這兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)。兩空都應(yīng)該是負(fù)面詞匯且重復(fù)Vain（1） ， prone to violence（2），could not handle success（3）。則答案就是eminence（-）=tumultuous（-）。 一個(gè)人虛榮，行為易傾向于狂暴，不能善待自己的成功；則越成功越易瘋狂激動(dòng)。 3. The author's (1)__________ style renders a fascinating subject, the role played by luck in everyday life, extraordinarily (2)__________. Blank (1) Blank (2) soporific pedantic lucid tedious colloquial opaque Answer choices for question 3. Answer: soporificandtedious 第一空線(xiàn)索：作者怎樣風(fēng)格描繪了主體。插入語(yǔ)描述主體特點(diǎn)是the role played by luck in everyday life。 第二空線(xiàn)索：評(píng)價(jià)作者對(duì)subject描述具有怎樣特點(diǎn)。應(yīng)該和第一空呼應(yīng)。即兩空是同義詞。 即是soporific=tedious。 4. From the outset, the concept of freedom of the seas from the proprietary claims of nations was challenged by a contrary notion — that of the _______ of the oceans for reasons of national security and profit. promotion exploration surveying conservation appropriation Answer choices for question 4.
Answer: appropriation 句子來(lái)自92國(guó)內(nèi)題目。但是選項(xiàng)不同。 A promotion B exploration C surviving D conservation E enclosure ?。?）主干是：the concept … was challenged by a contrary notion；即：the concept <> notion ?。?）由“of”引出的“the concept”的具體內(nèi)容：freedom of the seas from the proprietary claims of nations，海洋獨(dú)立于國(guó)家所有權(quán)。則notion 應(yīng)該說(shuō)：海洋應(yīng)該隸屬?lài)?guó)家所有權(quán)。 所以答案就是appropriation。和原來(lái)題目相比，不過(guò)就是把單詞替換了一下。由此可見(jiàn)，這個(gè)改革貌似也不過(guò)如此，沒(méi)有什么技術(shù)含量。 Sentence Equivalence Questions句子平衡問(wèn)題 Sentence Equivalence questions consist of a single sentence, one blank, and six answer choices. These questions require the examinee to select two of the answer choices. The examinee receives no credit for partially correct answers. 句子平衡問(wèn)題包含一個(gè)句子，一個(gè)空格，6個(gè)選項(xiàng)。要求考生在其中選出2個(gè)答案。只選出一個(gè)答案不得分。 Sample Sentence Equivalence Questions 句子平衡問(wèn)題樣題 Directions:Select thetwoanswer choices that, when used to complete the sentence, fit the meaning of the sentence as a wholeand 答題指令：選擇 1. Although it does contain some pioneering ideas, one would hardly characterize the work as __________. A. orthodox B. eccentric C. original D. trifling E. conventional F. innovative Answer: C and F 句子很簡(jiǎn)單?！癮lthough”引出一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系邏輯。前面說(shuō)有一些“pioneering ideas”，后面則應(yīng)該否定“pioneering ideas”。否定已經(jīng)由hardly表達(dá)出來(lái)。所以空格應(yīng)該填寫(xiě)“pioneering ideas”。答案即是C、F。 2. The corporation expects only _______ increases in sales next year despite a yearlong effort to revive its retailing business. A. dynamic B. predictable C. expanding D. modest E. slight F. volatile來(lái)源：考試大 Answer: D and E “despite”引出相反邏輯重復(fù)。后面說(shuō)這個(gè)公司準(zhǔn)備了很久了。正常情況下應(yīng)該是很大的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。轉(zhuǎn)折后說(shuō)增長(zhǎng)很少即可。答案就是D&E。 題目來(lái)自no 9的題目。同樣將選項(xiàng)單詞做了一下變化。其中答案單詞modest沒(méi)替換，還加入了同義單詞slight。原題目如下： The corporation expects only __ increases in sales next year despite a yearlong effort to revive its retailing business. A unquestionable B sequential C modest D exaggerated E groundless
（二）變與不變的辯證 如表所示：新考題在形式上是做了較大的調(diào)整。題干、選項(xiàng)、還是計(jì)分原則都有變化。但是，如果剝離這些表面東西后，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)核心的東西沒(méi)有任何變化——GRE依舊是一個(gè)以句子、段落為載體的邏輯考試。 就題目而言，樣題的題目就有幾個(gè)題目是我們明確知道出處的。SampleTextCompletionQuestions第4題就是來(lái)自92國(guó)內(nèi)題目；而SampleSentenceEquivalenceQuestions第2題就是no9的題目。答案都一樣，只是在干擾選項(xiàng)上做了一點(diǎn)調(diào)整（具體見(jiàn)樣題分析）。 換句話(huà)說(shuō)，就是形式作了一點(diǎn)微調(diào)，核心東西都沒(méi)有變化。 ?。ㄈ﹤淇疾呗哉{(diào)整 那么，對(duì)于廣大考生來(lái)講。備考中對(duì)于這些細(xì)節(jié)應(yīng)該怎樣看待呢？或者說(shuō)，應(yīng)該在具體復(fù)習(xí)和解題操作上作出哪些調(diào)整，才能在少的時(shí)間內(nèi)，盡快將這個(gè)變化適應(yīng)過(guò)來(lái)呢？ 1．背誦并深刻理解紅寶上填空部分單詞。并按照考試新要求，自己嘗試作類(lèi)別詞匯收集。來(lái)源：考試大 2．踏實(shí)提高 英語(yǔ)水平，充分重視長(zhǎng)句，難句閱讀能力提升。 3．認(rèn)真研究過(guò)去考題。沒(méi)有必要覺(jué)得考試改革了，將舊題完全否定，相反，我覺(jué)得應(yīng)該把舊題更加積極利用起來(lái)。不僅僅是消極做題，還要按照從樣題來(lái)的思路模擬ETS思路，看這些題目可以怎樣改進(jìn)成為新題。題干可以做哪些調(diào)整，題目單詞可以加入哪些做替換。倘能如此，何愁GRE不克。 ?。ㄋ模〨RE 樣題分析 Text Completion Questions 段落完成問(wèn)題（段落完型填空） Text Completion questions include a passage composed of one to five sentences with one to three blanks. There are three answer choices per blank, or five answer choices if there is a single blank. There is a single correct answer, consisting of one choice for each blank. The examinee receives no credit for partially correct answers. 段落完型部分包括一個(gè)段落含有1至5個(gè)問(wèn)題，每個(gè)問(wèn)題有1至3個(gè)空格。每個(gè)空格（空格數(shù)量在兩個(gè)以上）有3個(gè)備選答案，而對(duì)于空格數(shù)量者則有5個(gè)備選答案。每空只有一個(gè)正確答案?？忌挥袑⑺写鸢缸鰧?duì)該題才得分，即：空格在兩個(gè)以上者不分開(kāi)計(jì)分。 Sample Text Completion Questions 段落完型樣題Directions:For each blank select one entry from the corresponding column of choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text. 答題指令：請(qǐng)?jiān)诿總€(gè)空格相應(yīng)的欄目中選取能好完善短文的備選答案。 1. It is refreshing to read a book about our planet by an author who does not allow facts to be (1)__________ by politics: well aware of the political disputes about the effects of human activities on climate and biodiversity, this author does not permit them to (2)__________ his comprehensive description of what we know about our biosphere. He emphasizes the enormous gaps in our knowledge, the sparseness of our observations, and the (3)__________, calling attention to the many aspects of planetary evolution that must be better understood before we can accurately diagnose the condition of our planet.
Blank (1) Blank(2) Blank (3) overshadowed enhance plausibility of our hypotheses invalidated obscure certainty of our entitlement illuminated underscore superficiality of our theories Answer choices for question 1.
Answer: overshadowed,obscure, andsuperficiality of our theories 第一空線(xiàn)索： 讀某本書(shū)能帶來(lái)refreshing效果，則表明這本書(shū)作者寫(xiě)作的效果就是有讓我們r(jià)efreshing的效果或者預(yù)期。所以，他“does not allow facts to be (1)__________ by politics”不會(huì)讓政治“politics”對(duì)這本書(shū)作什么作用呢？當(dāng)然是不會(huì)讓政治使其破壞這本書(shū)“refreshing”的特點(diǎn)。則，第一空從正負(fù)就可以將illuminated排除。具體選擇“overshadowed”“invalidated”還要參看第二空。 第二空線(xiàn)索： 第二空線(xiàn)索說(shuō)作者不允許them怎樣。往前尋找them指代，很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)：them就是politics。這樣一來(lái)，馬上可以看到這樣的重復(fù)： an author who does not allow facts to be (1)__________ by politics = this author does not permit them to (2)__________ 都是說(shuō)作者不允許政治對(duì)書(shū)做怎樣的動(dòng)作。則兩空是同義重復(fù)。又由于第一空推出動(dòng)作是負(fù)面的。故兩空都是負(fù)面的。則第二空是obscure, 而第一空也就只能是overshadow?！?BR> 第三空線(xiàn)索：考試大－全國(guó)大教育類(lèi)網(wǎng)站(www．Examda。com) 實(shí)際上是三個(gè)并列重復(fù)，同時(shí)和一個(gè)分詞構(gòu)成手段和目的重復(fù)。 He emphasizes the enormous gaps in our knowledge, the sparseness of our observations, and the (3)__________, calling attention to the many aspects of planetary evolution that must be better understood 即：本文來(lái)源:考試大網(wǎng) the enormous gaps in our knowledge, =the sparseness of our observations, =（and） the (3)__________, =calling attention to the many aspects of planetary evolution that must be better understood 可以推斷空格應(yīng)該填寫(xiě)一個(gè)負(fù)面評(píng)價(jià)。 2. Vain and prone to violence, Caravaggio could not handle success: the more his (1)__________ as an artist increased, the more (2)__________ his life became.
Blank (1) Blank (2) temperance tumultuous notoriety providential eminence dispassionate Answer choices for question 2. Answer choices for question 2. Answer: eminenceandtumultuous 句子很簡(jiǎn)單，邏輯也很清晰。冒號(hào)引出解釋關(guān)系。已知部分說(shuō)Caravaggio具有如下特點(diǎn)：Vain（1） and prone to violence（2），could not handle success（3）；則后面也要重復(fù)這兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)。則后面the more …, the more所引導(dǎo)的內(nèi)容也應(yīng)該是重復(fù)這兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)。兩空都應(yīng)該是負(fù)面詞匯且重復(fù)Vain（1） ， prone to violence（2），could not handle success（3）。則答案就是eminence（-）=tumultuous（-）。 一個(gè)人虛榮，行為易傾向于狂暴，不能善待自己的成功；則越成功越易瘋狂激動(dòng)。 3. The author's (1)__________ style renders a fascinating subject, the role played by luck in everyday life, extraordinarily (2)__________. Blank (1) Blank (2) soporific pedantic lucid tedious colloquial opaque Answer choices for question 3. Answer: soporificandtedious 第一空線(xiàn)索：作者怎樣風(fēng)格描繪了主體。插入語(yǔ)描述主體特點(diǎn)是the role played by luck in everyday life。 第二空線(xiàn)索：評(píng)價(jià)作者對(duì)subject描述具有怎樣特點(diǎn)。應(yīng)該和第一空呼應(yīng)。即兩空是同義詞。 即是soporific=tedious。 4. From the outset, the concept of freedom of the seas from the proprietary claims of nations was challenged by a contrary notion — that of the _______ of the oceans for reasons of national security and profit. promotion exploration surveying conservation appropriation Answer choices for question 4.
Answer: appropriation 句子來(lái)自92國(guó)內(nèi)題目。但是選項(xiàng)不同。 A promotion B exploration C surviving D conservation E enclosure ?。?）主干是：the concept … was challenged by a contrary notion；即：the concept <> notion ?。?）由“of”引出的“the concept”的具體內(nèi)容：freedom of the seas from the proprietary claims of nations，海洋獨(dú)立于國(guó)家所有權(quán)。則notion 應(yīng)該說(shuō)：海洋應(yīng)該隸屬?lài)?guó)家所有權(quán)。 所以答案就是appropriation。和原來(lái)題目相比，不過(guò)就是把單詞替換了一下。由此可見(jiàn)，這個(gè)改革貌似也不過(guò)如此，沒(méi)有什么技術(shù)含量。 Sentence Equivalence Questions句子平衡問(wèn)題 Sentence Equivalence questions consist of a single sentence, one blank, and six answer choices. These questions require the examinee to select two of the answer choices. The examinee receives no credit for partially correct answers. 句子平衡問(wèn)題包含一個(gè)句子，一個(gè)空格，6個(gè)選項(xiàng)。要求考生在其中選出2個(gè)答案。只選出一個(gè)答案不得分。 Sample Sentence Equivalence Questions 句子平衡問(wèn)題樣題 Directions:Select thetwoanswer choices that, when used to complete the sentence, fit the meaning of the sentence as a wholeand 答題指令：選擇 1. Although it does contain some pioneering ideas, one would hardly characterize the work as __________. A. orthodox B. eccentric C. original D. trifling E. conventional F. innovative Answer: C and F 句子很簡(jiǎn)單?！癮lthough”引出一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系邏輯。前面說(shuō)有一些“pioneering ideas”，后面則應(yīng)該否定“pioneering ideas”。否定已經(jīng)由hardly表達(dá)出來(lái)。所以空格應(yīng)該填寫(xiě)“pioneering ideas”。答案即是C、F。 2. The corporation expects only _______ increases in sales next year despite a yearlong effort to revive its retailing business. A. dynamic B. predictable C. expanding D. modest E. slight F. volatile來(lái)源：考試大 Answer: D and E “despite”引出相反邏輯重復(fù)。后面說(shuō)這個(gè)公司準(zhǔn)備了很久了。正常情況下應(yīng)該是很大的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。轉(zhuǎn)折后說(shuō)增長(zhǎng)很少即可。答案就是D&E。 題目來(lái)自no 9的題目。同樣將選項(xiàng)單詞做了一下變化。其中答案單詞modest沒(méi)替換，還加入了同義單詞slight。原題目如下： The corporation expects only __ increases in sales next year despite a yearlong effort to revive its retailing business. A unquestionable B sequential C modest D exaggerated E groundless