1. A popular explanation of play has been that it helps juveniles develop the skills they will need to hunt. （test2 passage 3）
分析：本句的主句為“A popular explanation of play has been that…”；“that it helps juveniles develop the skills they will need to hunt”為that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，作has been的表語(yǔ)；“they will need to hunt”為定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，被省略。
2. Comparing measurements for fifteen orders of mammal, he and his team found larger brains (for a given body size) are linked to greater playfulness. （test2 passage 3）
分析：本句的主句為“he and his team found larger brains (for a given body size) are linked to greater playfulness”；“Comparing measurements for fifteen orders of mammal”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)；“l(fā)arger brains (for a given body size) are linked to greater playfulness”為賓語(yǔ)從句，that被省略。
3. If you plot the amount of time a juvenile devotes to play each day over the course of its development, you discover a pattern typically associated with a ‘sensitive period’—a brief development window during which the brain can actually be modified in ways that are not possible earlier or later in life. （test2 passage 3）
分析：本句較長(zhǎng)，主句為“you discover a pattern”；“If you plot the amount of time”為if引導(dǎo)的本句的條件狀語(yǔ)從句；“a juvenile devotes to play each day over the course of its development”為定語(yǔ)從句，作time的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，被省略；“associated with a ‘sensitive period’”為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)；“during which the brain can actually be modified”為which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，作window的定語(yǔ)從句；“that are not possible earlier or later in life”為定語(yǔ)從句，作ways的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為that。
4. These fracture zones, where the collisions occur, are where earthquakes happen. （test3 passage 2）
分析：本句的主句為“These fracture zones are where earthquakes happen”；“where the collisions occur”為定語(yǔ)從句，作zones的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為where；“where earthquakes happen”為where引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。
5. When studying their mother tongue, linguists act as their own informants, judging the ambiguity, acceptability, or other properties of utterances against their own intuitions. （test3 passage 3）
分析：本句的主句為“l(fā)inguists act as their own informants”, “When studying their mother tongue”為when引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；“judging the ambiguity, acceptability, or other properties of utterances against their own intuitions.”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做伴隨狀語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞省略。
6. People talk abnormally when they know they are being recorded, and sound quality can be poor. （test3 passage 3）
分析：本句為and連接的一個(gè)并列句“People talk abnormally”和“sound quality can be poor”并列；“when they know they are being recorded”為when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；“they are being recorded”為賓語(yǔ)從句，做know的賓語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞that省略。
7. Linguists also make great use of structured sessions, in which they systematically ask their informants for utterances that describe certain actions, objects or behaviors. （test3 passage 3）
分析：本句主句為“Linguists also make great use of structured sessions”；“in which they systematically ask their informants for utterances that describe certain actions, objects or behaviors.”為which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，做structured sessions的定語(yǔ)；“that describe certain actions, objects or behaviors.”為定語(yǔ)從句，做utterances的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為that。
8. An important principle is that all corpora, whatever their size, are inevitably limited in their coverage, and always need to be supplemented by data derived from the intuitions of native speakers of the language, through either introspection or experimentation. （test3 passage 3）
分析：本句主句為“An important principle is…”；“that all corpora, whatever their size, are inevitably limited in their coverage, and always need to be supplemented by data derived from the intuitions of native speakers of the language, through either introspection or experimentation.”為that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，做is的表語(yǔ)；“whatever their size”為whatever引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，在表語(yǔ)從句中做讓步狀語(yǔ)；“derived from the intuitions of native speakers of the language”為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)，做data的定語(yǔ)。
9. No corpora can ever cover the whole language and so linguists often find themselves relying on the additional information that can be gained from the intuitions of those who speak the language concerned. （test3 passage 3）
分析：本句為并列句，用“and so”連接?！皌hat can be gained from the intuitions of those who speak the language concerned”為that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，做additional information的定語(yǔ)；“who speak the language concerned”也為定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系詞為who, 做those的定語(yǔ)。
10. Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records, there has been a steady improvements in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space. （test4 passage 1）
分析：本句較長(zhǎng)，主句為there be結(jié)構(gòu)，即“there has been a steady improvements in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space”；“how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space”中三個(gè)how引導(dǎo)的從句并列，都為in的賓語(yǔ)從句；“Since the early years of the twentieth century”為本句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，由since引導(dǎo)；“when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records”為定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系詞為when, 做the early years of the twentieth century的定語(yǔ)從句。
11. Over the past century, the composition of the human gene pool has not changed appreciably, but with increasing global participation in athletics –and greater rewards to tempt athletes –it is more likely that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early. （test4 passage 1）
分析：本句為并列句，由but連接，句子“Over the past century, the composition of the human gene pool has not changed appreciably”和句子“with increasing global participation in athletics –and greater rewards to tempt athletes –it is more likely that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early”并列；句子“with increasing global participation in athletics –and greater rewards to tempt athletes –it is more likely that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early”中主句為“it is more likely that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early”；其中“that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early”為that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，it為形式主語(yǔ)。
分析：本句的主句為“A popular explanation of play has been that…”；“that it helps juveniles develop the skills they will need to hunt”為that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，作has been的表語(yǔ)；“they will need to hunt”為定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，被省略。
2. Comparing measurements for fifteen orders of mammal, he and his team found larger brains (for a given body size) are linked to greater playfulness. （test2 passage 3）
分析：本句的主句為“he and his team found larger brains (for a given body size) are linked to greater playfulness”；“Comparing measurements for fifteen orders of mammal”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)；“l(fā)arger brains (for a given body size) are linked to greater playfulness”為賓語(yǔ)從句，that被省略。
3. If you plot the amount of time a juvenile devotes to play each day over the course of its development, you discover a pattern typically associated with a ‘sensitive period’—a brief development window during which the brain can actually be modified in ways that are not possible earlier or later in life. （test2 passage 3）
分析：本句較長(zhǎng)，主句為“you discover a pattern”；“If you plot the amount of time”為if引導(dǎo)的本句的條件狀語(yǔ)從句；“a juvenile devotes to play each day over the course of its development”為定語(yǔ)從句，作time的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，被省略；“associated with a ‘sensitive period’”為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)；“during which the brain can actually be modified”為which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，作window的定語(yǔ)從句；“that are not possible earlier or later in life”為定語(yǔ)從句，作ways的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為that。
4. These fracture zones, where the collisions occur, are where earthquakes happen. （test3 passage 2）
分析：本句的主句為“These fracture zones are where earthquakes happen”；“where the collisions occur”為定語(yǔ)從句，作zones的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為where；“where earthquakes happen”為where引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。
5. When studying their mother tongue, linguists act as their own informants, judging the ambiguity, acceptability, or other properties of utterances against their own intuitions. （test3 passage 3）
分析：本句的主句為“l(fā)inguists act as their own informants”, “When studying their mother tongue”為when引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；“judging the ambiguity, acceptability, or other properties of utterances against their own intuitions.”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做伴隨狀語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞省略。
6. People talk abnormally when they know they are being recorded, and sound quality can be poor. （test3 passage 3）
分析：本句為and連接的一個(gè)并列句“People talk abnormally”和“sound quality can be poor”并列；“when they know they are being recorded”為when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；“they are being recorded”為賓語(yǔ)從句，做know的賓語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞that省略。
7. Linguists also make great use of structured sessions, in which they systematically ask their informants for utterances that describe certain actions, objects or behaviors. （test3 passage 3）
分析：本句主句為“Linguists also make great use of structured sessions”；“in which they systematically ask their informants for utterances that describe certain actions, objects or behaviors.”為which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，做structured sessions的定語(yǔ)；“that describe certain actions, objects or behaviors.”為定語(yǔ)從句，做utterances的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為that。
8. An important principle is that all corpora, whatever their size, are inevitably limited in their coverage, and always need to be supplemented by data derived from the intuitions of native speakers of the language, through either introspection or experimentation. （test3 passage 3）
分析：本句主句為“An important principle is…”；“that all corpora, whatever their size, are inevitably limited in their coverage, and always need to be supplemented by data derived from the intuitions of native speakers of the language, through either introspection or experimentation.”為that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，做is的表語(yǔ)；“whatever their size”為whatever引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，在表語(yǔ)從句中做讓步狀語(yǔ)；“derived from the intuitions of native speakers of the language”為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)，做data的定語(yǔ)。
9. No corpora can ever cover the whole language and so linguists often find themselves relying on the additional information that can be gained from the intuitions of those who speak the language concerned. （test3 passage 3）
分析：本句為并列句，用“and so”連接?！皌hat can be gained from the intuitions of those who speak the language concerned”為that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，做additional information的定語(yǔ)；“who speak the language concerned”也為定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系詞為who, 做those的定語(yǔ)。
10. Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records, there has been a steady improvements in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space. （test4 passage 1）
分析：本句較長(zhǎng)，主句為there be結(jié)構(gòu)，即“there has been a steady improvements in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space”；“how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space”中三個(gè)how引導(dǎo)的從句并列，都為in的賓語(yǔ)從句；“Since the early years of the twentieth century”為本句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，由since引導(dǎo)；“when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records”為定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系詞為when, 做the early years of the twentieth century的定語(yǔ)從句。
11. Over the past century, the composition of the human gene pool has not changed appreciably, but with increasing global participation in athletics –and greater rewards to tempt athletes –it is more likely that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early. （test4 passage 1）
分析：本句為并列句，由but連接，句子“Over the past century, the composition of the human gene pool has not changed appreciably”和句子“with increasing global participation in athletics –and greater rewards to tempt athletes –it is more likely that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early”并列；句子“with increasing global participation in athletics –and greater rewards to tempt athletes –it is more likely that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early”中主句為“it is more likely that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early”；其中“that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early”為that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，it為形式主語(yǔ)。