1. The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in the most just and efficient way, is not a new one.（劍4, test4 passage 3）
分析：本句的主句為“The problem is not a new one”；“how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in the most just and efficient way”為how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，做of的賓語；“so that they are distributed in the most just and efficient way”為so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句。
2. What is new is that, from the 1950s onwards, there have been certain general changes in outlook about the finitude of resources as a whole and of health-care resources in particular, as well as more specific changes regarding the clientele of health-care resources and the cost to the community of those resources. （劍4, test4 passage 3）
分析：本句的主句為“What is new is that…”；“that, from the 1950s onwards, there have been certain general changes in outlook about the finitude of resources as a whole and of health-care resources in particular, as well as more specific changes regarding the clientele of health-care resources and the cost to the community of those resources.”為that引導(dǎo)的表語從句；“regarding the clientele of health-care resources and the cost to the community of those resources”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語做定語。
3. Thus, in the 1950s and 1960s, there emerged an awareness in Western societies that resources for the provision of fossil fuel energy were finite and exhaustible and that the capacity of nature or the environment to sustain economic development and population was also finite. （劍4, test4 passage 3）
分析：本句較長，主句為“there emerged an awareness in Western societies”；“that resources for the provision of fossil fuel energy were finite and exhaustible”和“that the capacity of nature or the environment to sustain economic development and population was also finite”為and連接的并列從句，都是that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，做awareness的同位語。
4. Looking back, it now seems quite incredible that in the national health systems that emerged in many countries in the years immediately after the 1939-45 World War, it was assumed without question that all the basic health needs of any community could be satisfied, at least in principle; the ‘invisible hand’ of economic progress would provide. （劍4, test4 passage 3）
分析：本句為分號連接的兩個分句，第一個分句較長，其主句為“it now seems quite incredible that…in principle”其中it為形式主語，that引導(dǎo)主語從句；“that emerged in many countries in the years immediately after the 1939-45 World War”為定語從句，作national health system的定語，關(guān)系詞為that；在that引導(dǎo)的主語從句中，“that all the basic health needs of any community could be satisfied, at least in principle”為that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，it做形式主語。第二個分句為簡單句。
5. Although the language of ‘rights’ sometimes leads to confusion, by the late 1970s it was recognized in most societies that people have a right to health-care( though there has been considerable resistance in the United States to the idea that there is a formal right to health-care). （劍4, test4 passage 3）
分析：本句的主句為“it was recognized in most societies that people have a right to health-care ”，其中it為形式主語，“that people have a right to health-care”為that引導(dǎo)的主語從句；“Although the language of ‘rights’ sometimes leads to confusion”為although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語；括號部分為附加/補充的信息，為though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，在此從句中，“that there is a formal right to health-care”為that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，做idea的同位語。
6. It is also accepted that this right generates an obligation or duty for the state to ensure that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the public purse. （劍4, test4 passage 3）
分析：本句中“that this right generates an obligation or duty for the state to ensure that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the public purse”為that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，it做形式主語；和“that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the public purse”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，做ensure的賓語。
7. Just at the time when it became obvious that health-care resources could not possibly meet the demands being made upon them, people were demanding that their fundamental right to health-care be satisfied by the state. （劍4, test4 passage 3）
分析：本句主句為“people were demanding that their fundamental right to health-care be satisfied by the state.”“Just at the time when it became obvious that health-care resources could not possibly meet the demands being made upon them”為時間狀語，其中“when it became obvious that health-care resources could not possibly meet the demands being made upon them”為定語從句，做the time的定語，關(guān)系詞為when；“that their fundamental right to health-care be satisfied by the state”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，做demand的賓語。
8. The second set of more specific changes that have led to the present concern about the distribution of health-care resources stems from the dramatic rise in health costs in most OECD countries, accompanied by large-scale demographic and social changes which have meant, to take one example, that elderly people are now major (and relatively very expensive) consumers of health-care resources. （劍4, test4 passage 3）
分析：本句主句為“The second set of more specific changes stems from the dramatic rise in health costs in most OECD countries”；“that have led to the present concern about the distribution of health-care resources.”為定語從句，做changes的定語，關(guān)系詞為that；“accompanied by large-scale demographic and social changes which have meant, to take one example, that elderly people are now major (and relatively very expensive) consumers of health-care resources.”為過去分詞短語做狀語，其中“which have meant, to take one example, that elderly people are now major (and relatively very expensive) consumers of health-care resources.”為定語從句，做changes的定語，關(guān)系詞為which,“that elderly people are now major (and relatively very expensive) consumers of health-care resources.”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，做mean的賓語。
9. Beginning as something unusual in a handful of big cities—New York, London, Paris and Berlin—the new medium quickly found its way across the world, attracting larger and larger audiences wherever it was shown and replacing other forms of entertainment as it did so. （劍4, General Training Test A passage 3）
分析：本句的主句為“the new medium quickly found its way across the world”；“Beginning as something unusual in a handful of big cities—New York, London, Paris and Berlin”現(xiàn)在分詞短語做狀語；“attracting larger and larger audiences wherever it was shown and replacing other forms of entertainment as it did so”兩個并列的分詞短語做狀語，其中“wherever it was shown”wherever引導(dǎo)的為地點狀語，“as it did so”為as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。
分析：本句的主句為“The problem is not a new one”；“how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in the most just and efficient way”為how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，做of的賓語；“so that they are distributed in the most just and efficient way”為so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句。
2. What is new is that, from the 1950s onwards, there have been certain general changes in outlook about the finitude of resources as a whole and of health-care resources in particular, as well as more specific changes regarding the clientele of health-care resources and the cost to the community of those resources. （劍4, test4 passage 3）
分析：本句的主句為“What is new is that…”；“that, from the 1950s onwards, there have been certain general changes in outlook about the finitude of resources as a whole and of health-care resources in particular, as well as more specific changes regarding the clientele of health-care resources and the cost to the community of those resources.”為that引導(dǎo)的表語從句；“regarding the clientele of health-care resources and the cost to the community of those resources”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語做定語。
3. Thus, in the 1950s and 1960s, there emerged an awareness in Western societies that resources for the provision of fossil fuel energy were finite and exhaustible and that the capacity of nature or the environment to sustain economic development and population was also finite. （劍4, test4 passage 3）
分析：本句較長，主句為“there emerged an awareness in Western societies”；“that resources for the provision of fossil fuel energy were finite and exhaustible”和“that the capacity of nature or the environment to sustain economic development and population was also finite”為and連接的并列從句，都是that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，做awareness的同位語。
4. Looking back, it now seems quite incredible that in the national health systems that emerged in many countries in the years immediately after the 1939-45 World War, it was assumed without question that all the basic health needs of any community could be satisfied, at least in principle; the ‘invisible hand’ of economic progress would provide. （劍4, test4 passage 3）
分析：本句為分號連接的兩個分句，第一個分句較長，其主句為“it now seems quite incredible that…in principle”其中it為形式主語，that引導(dǎo)主語從句；“that emerged in many countries in the years immediately after the 1939-45 World War”為定語從句，作national health system的定語，關(guān)系詞為that；在that引導(dǎo)的主語從句中，“that all the basic health needs of any community could be satisfied, at least in principle”為that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，it做形式主語。第二個分句為簡單句。
5. Although the language of ‘rights’ sometimes leads to confusion, by the late 1970s it was recognized in most societies that people have a right to health-care( though there has been considerable resistance in the United States to the idea that there is a formal right to health-care). （劍4, test4 passage 3）
分析：本句的主句為“it was recognized in most societies that people have a right to health-care ”，其中it為形式主語，“that people have a right to health-care”為that引導(dǎo)的主語從句；“Although the language of ‘rights’ sometimes leads to confusion”為although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語；括號部分為附加/補充的信息，為though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，在此從句中，“that there is a formal right to health-care”為that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，做idea的同位語。
6. It is also accepted that this right generates an obligation or duty for the state to ensure that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the public purse. （劍4, test4 passage 3）
分析：本句中“that this right generates an obligation or duty for the state to ensure that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the public purse”為that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，it做形式主語；和“that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the public purse”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，做ensure的賓語。
7. Just at the time when it became obvious that health-care resources could not possibly meet the demands being made upon them, people were demanding that their fundamental right to health-care be satisfied by the state. （劍4, test4 passage 3）
分析：本句主句為“people were demanding that their fundamental right to health-care be satisfied by the state.”“Just at the time when it became obvious that health-care resources could not possibly meet the demands being made upon them”為時間狀語，其中“when it became obvious that health-care resources could not possibly meet the demands being made upon them”為定語從句，做the time的定語，關(guān)系詞為when；“that their fundamental right to health-care be satisfied by the state”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，做demand的賓語。
8. The second set of more specific changes that have led to the present concern about the distribution of health-care resources stems from the dramatic rise in health costs in most OECD countries, accompanied by large-scale demographic and social changes which have meant, to take one example, that elderly people are now major (and relatively very expensive) consumers of health-care resources. （劍4, test4 passage 3）
分析：本句主句為“The second set of more specific changes stems from the dramatic rise in health costs in most OECD countries”；“that have led to the present concern about the distribution of health-care resources.”為定語從句，做changes的定語，關(guān)系詞為that；“accompanied by large-scale demographic and social changes which have meant, to take one example, that elderly people are now major (and relatively very expensive) consumers of health-care resources.”為過去分詞短語做狀語，其中“which have meant, to take one example, that elderly people are now major (and relatively very expensive) consumers of health-care resources.”為定語從句，做changes的定語，關(guān)系詞為which,“that elderly people are now major (and relatively very expensive) consumers of health-care resources.”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，做mean的賓語。
9. Beginning as something unusual in a handful of big cities—New York, London, Paris and Berlin—the new medium quickly found its way across the world, attracting larger and larger audiences wherever it was shown and replacing other forms of entertainment as it did so. （劍4, General Training Test A passage 3）
分析：本句的主句為“the new medium quickly found its way across the world”；“Beginning as something unusual in a handful of big cities—New York, London, Paris and Berlin”現(xiàn)在分詞短語做狀語；“attracting larger and larger audiences wherever it was shown and replacing other forms of entertainment as it did so”兩個并列的分詞短語做狀語，其中“wherever it was shown”wherever引導(dǎo)的為地點狀語，“as it did so”為as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。