1. The dominant idea, raised by 64% of the pupils, was that rainforests provide animals with habitats. （test1 passage 1）
分析：“raised by 64% of the pupils”為過去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，“that rainforests provide animals with habitats”為表語(yǔ)從句，作was的表語(yǔ)，本句的主句為“The dominant idea…was that…”。
2. These observations are generally consistent with our previous studies of pupils' views about the use and conservation of rainforests, in which girls were shown to be more sympathetic to animals and expressed views which seem to place an intrinsic value on non-human animal life. （test1 passage 1）
分析：本句的主句是“These observations are generally consistent with our previous studies of pupils' views about the use and conservation of rainforests”, 而后面的“in which girls were shown to be more sympathetic to animals and expressed views which seem to place an intrinsic value on non-human animal life”為定語(yǔ)從句，而在此定語(yǔ)從句中還有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句“which seem to place an intrinsic value on non-human animal life”。
3. Perhaps encouragingly, more than half of the pupils (59%) identified that it is human activities which are destroying rainforests, some personalizing the responsibility by the use of terms such as ‘we are'. （test1 passage 1）
分析：本句的主句為“more than half of the pupils (59%) identified that …”, “that it is human activities which are destroying rainforests”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，作identify的賓語(yǔ)；“which are destroying rainforests”為which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，作activities的定語(yǔ)；“some personalizing the responsibility by the use of terms such as ‘we are'”為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
4. While two fifths of the students provided the information that the rainforests provided oxygen, in some cases this response also embraced the misconception that rainforest destruction would reduce atmospheric oxygen, making the atmosphere incompatible with human life on earth. （test1 passage 1）
分析：本句的主句為“this response also embraced the misconception”；“While two fifths of the students provided the information that the rainforests provided oxygen”為while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，while在此相當(dāng)于although；“that rainforest destruction would reduce atmospheric oxygen”為that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，作misconception的同位語(yǔ)；“making the atmosphere incompatible with human life on earth”為分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。
5. One encouragement is that the results of similar studies about other environment issues suggest that older children seem to acquire the ability to appreciate, value and evaluate conflicting views. （test1 passage 1）
分析：本句的主句為“One encouragement is that…”；“that the results of similar studies about other environment issues suggest …”為that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，作is的表語(yǔ)；“that older children seem to acquire the ability to appreciate, value and evaluate conflicting views”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，作suggest的賓語(yǔ)。
6. Environmental education offers an arena in which these skills can be developed, which is essential for these children as future decision-makers. （test1 passage 1）
分析：本句主句為“Environmental education offers an arena”；“in which these skills can be developed”為which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，作arena的定語(yǔ)；“which is essential for these children as future decision-makers”為which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
7. Eye position in freshwater dolphins, which often swim on their side or upside down while feeding, suggests that what vision they have is stereoscopic forward and downward. （test1 passage 2）
分析：本句的主句為“Eye position in freshwater dolphins suggests that…”；“which often swim on their side or upside down”為which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，作freshwater dolphins的定語(yǔ)；“while feeding”為while引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)，分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)；“that what vision they have is stereoscopic forward and downward.”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，作suggest的賓語(yǔ)；“what vision they have”為what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，作is的主語(yǔ)。
8. And although preliminary experimental evidence suggests that their in-air vision is poor, the accuracy with which dolphins leap high to take small fish out of a trainer's hand provides anecdotal evidence to the contrary. （test1 passage 2）
分析：本句主句為“the accuracy provides anecdotal evidence to the contrary”；“although preliminary experimental evidence suggests that their in-air vision is poor”為although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)；“that their in-air vision is poor”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，作suggest的賓語(yǔ)；“which dolphins leap high to take small fish out of a trainer's hand”為which引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，作with的賓語(yǔ)從句；“to take small fish out of a trainer's hand”為不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。
9. But a written form is essential for this, so the mere possibility of revival has led many speakers of endangered languages to develop systems of writing where none existed before. （test2 passage 1）
分析：本句中用so（連詞）連接“a written form is essential for this”和“the mere possibility of revival has led many speakers of endangered languages to develop systems of writing where none existed before”兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句成為一個(gè)并列句；“where none existed before”為where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。
10. One factor which may help to ensure that some endangered languages do not die out completely is people's increasing appreciation of their cultural identity. （test2 passage 1）
分析：本句主句為“One factor is people's increasing appreciation of their cultural identity”；“which may help to ensure that some endangered languages do not die out completely”為which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，作factor的定語(yǔ)；“that some endangered languages do not die out completely”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，作ensure的賓語(yǔ)。
分析：“raised by 64% of the pupils”為過去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，“that rainforests provide animals with habitats”為表語(yǔ)從句，作was的表語(yǔ)，本句的主句為“The dominant idea…was that…”。
2. These observations are generally consistent with our previous studies of pupils' views about the use and conservation of rainforests, in which girls were shown to be more sympathetic to animals and expressed views which seem to place an intrinsic value on non-human animal life. （test1 passage 1）
分析：本句的主句是“These observations are generally consistent with our previous studies of pupils' views about the use and conservation of rainforests”, 而后面的“in which girls were shown to be more sympathetic to animals and expressed views which seem to place an intrinsic value on non-human animal life”為定語(yǔ)從句，而在此定語(yǔ)從句中還有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句“which seem to place an intrinsic value on non-human animal life”。
3. Perhaps encouragingly, more than half of the pupils (59%) identified that it is human activities which are destroying rainforests, some personalizing the responsibility by the use of terms such as ‘we are'. （test1 passage 1）
分析：本句的主句為“more than half of the pupils (59%) identified that …”, “that it is human activities which are destroying rainforests”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，作identify的賓語(yǔ)；“which are destroying rainforests”為which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，作activities的定語(yǔ)；“some personalizing the responsibility by the use of terms such as ‘we are'”為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
4. While two fifths of the students provided the information that the rainforests provided oxygen, in some cases this response also embraced the misconception that rainforest destruction would reduce atmospheric oxygen, making the atmosphere incompatible with human life on earth. （test1 passage 1）
分析：本句的主句為“this response also embraced the misconception”；“While two fifths of the students provided the information that the rainforests provided oxygen”為while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，while在此相當(dāng)于although；“that rainforest destruction would reduce atmospheric oxygen”為that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，作misconception的同位語(yǔ)；“making the atmosphere incompatible with human life on earth”為分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。
5. One encouragement is that the results of similar studies about other environment issues suggest that older children seem to acquire the ability to appreciate, value and evaluate conflicting views. （test1 passage 1）
分析：本句的主句為“One encouragement is that…”；“that the results of similar studies about other environment issues suggest …”為that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，作is的表語(yǔ)；“that older children seem to acquire the ability to appreciate, value and evaluate conflicting views”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，作suggest的賓語(yǔ)。
6. Environmental education offers an arena in which these skills can be developed, which is essential for these children as future decision-makers. （test1 passage 1）
分析：本句主句為“Environmental education offers an arena”；“in which these skills can be developed”為which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，作arena的定語(yǔ)；“which is essential for these children as future decision-makers”為which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
7. Eye position in freshwater dolphins, which often swim on their side or upside down while feeding, suggests that what vision they have is stereoscopic forward and downward. （test1 passage 2）
分析：本句的主句為“Eye position in freshwater dolphins suggests that…”；“which often swim on their side or upside down”為which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，作freshwater dolphins的定語(yǔ)；“while feeding”為while引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)，分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)；“that what vision they have is stereoscopic forward and downward.”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，作suggest的賓語(yǔ)；“what vision they have”為what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，作is的主語(yǔ)。
8. And although preliminary experimental evidence suggests that their in-air vision is poor, the accuracy with which dolphins leap high to take small fish out of a trainer's hand provides anecdotal evidence to the contrary. （test1 passage 2）
分析：本句主句為“the accuracy provides anecdotal evidence to the contrary”；“although preliminary experimental evidence suggests that their in-air vision is poor”為although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)；“that their in-air vision is poor”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，作suggest的賓語(yǔ)；“which dolphins leap high to take small fish out of a trainer's hand”為which引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，作with的賓語(yǔ)從句；“to take small fish out of a trainer's hand”為不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。
9. But a written form is essential for this, so the mere possibility of revival has led many speakers of endangered languages to develop systems of writing where none existed before. （test2 passage 1）
分析：本句中用so（連詞）連接“a written form is essential for this”和“the mere possibility of revival has led many speakers of endangered languages to develop systems of writing where none existed before”兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句成為一個(gè)并列句；“where none existed before”為where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。
10. One factor which may help to ensure that some endangered languages do not die out completely is people's increasing appreciation of their cultural identity. （test2 passage 1）
分析：本句主句為“One factor is people's increasing appreciation of their cultural identity”；“which may help to ensure that some endangered languages do not die out completely”為which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，作factor的定語(yǔ)；“that some endangered languages do not die out completely”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，作ensure的賓語(yǔ)。